''Paramysis'' (from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

affix ', "near", "beside", and the genus name ''

Mysis ''Mysis'' is a genus of mysid crustaceans in the family Mysidae, distributed mainly in the coastal zone of the Arctic and high boreal seas. Several species also inhabit northern freshwater lakes and the brackish Caspian Sea. Fifteen species are ...

'') is a genus of

mysid Mysida is an order of small, shrimp-like crustaceans in the malacostracan superorder Peracarida. Their common name opossum shrimps stems from the presence of a brood pouch or "marsupium" in females. The fact that the larvae are reared in thi ...

crustacean Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The crustacean group ...

s (

Mysidacea The Mysidacea is a group of shrimp-like crustaceans in the superorder Peracarida, comprising the two extant orders Mysida and Lophogastrida and the prehistoric Pygocephalomorpha The order Pygocephalomorpha is an extinct group of peracarid c ...

) in family

Mysidae Mysidae is the largest family (biology), family of crustaceans in the order (biology), order Mysida, with over 1000 species in around 170 genera. Characteristics Members of the family Mysidae are distinguished from other mysids by the fact that ...

, distributed in coastal zone of low boreal East

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ea ...

and the basins of

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Roma ...

Sea of Azov The Sea of Azov ( Crimean Tatar: ''Azaq deñizi''; russian: Азовское море, Azovskoye more; uk, Азовське море, Azovs'ke more) is a sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch, ...

and

Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...

( Ponto-Caspian Basin).

Biogeography

The majority of ''Paramysis'' species are brackish- or freshwater

endemics Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

of the Ponto-Caspian Basin; some of them naturally spread more than up large rivers, including the

Volga The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the List of rivers of Europe#Rivers of Europe by length, longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Cas ...

Don Don, don or DON and variants may refer to: Places *County Donegal, Ireland, Chapman code DON *Don (river), a river in European Russia *Don River (disambiguation), several other rivers with the name *Don, Benin, a town in Benin *Don, Dang, a vill ...

Dnieper } The Dnieper () or Dnipro (); , ; . is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and B ...

and

Danube The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...

. A number of Ponto-Caspian species have been introduced outside the native range. Marine species from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea have probably descended from ancient Ponto-Caspian populations.

Diversity

There are 24 species classified into 7 subgenera. Body length ranges from . The largest species, like ''P. eurylepis'', ''P. inflata'', are found only in the

. Generic characters: subrostral plate; large eyes on short stalk; antennal scale with smooth outer margin, ended by strong spine, and distal segment rudimentary with five setae; four segments of

pereiopod The decapod (crustaceans such as a crab, lobster, shrimp or prawn) is made up of 20 body segments grouped into two main body parts: the cephalothorax and the pleon (abdomen). Each segment may possess one pair of appendages, although in various g ...

1–4 carpopropodus; five segments in

pleopod The decapod ( crustaceans such as a crab, lobster, shrimp or prawn) is made up of 20 body segments grouped into two main body parts: the cephalothorax and the pleon (abdomen). Each segment may possess one pair of appendages, although in various ...

4 of male. Consumed by fishes; particularly important for juvenile

sturgeon Sturgeon is the common name for the 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. The earliest sturgeon fossils date to the Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretace ...

s and

zander The zander (''Sander lucioperca''), sander or pikeperch, is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, ruffes and darters. It is found in freshwater and brackish habitats in western Eurasia. It is a popul ...

. Two extinct species, previously included into this genus, have been recently moved into extinct genus '' Sarmysis''.

Species

;Subgenus ''Paramysis''

sensu stricto ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...

*'' Paramysis baeri'' Czerniavsky, 1882 *'' Paramysis bakuensis'' G. O. Sars, 1895 *'' Paramysis eurylepis'' G. O. Sars, 1907 *'' Paramysis kessleri'' (Grimm in G. O. Sars, 1895) ;Subgenus ''Metamysis'' G. O. Sars, 1893 *'' Paramysis grimmi'' (G. O. Sars, 1895) *'' Paramysis inflata'' (G. O. Sars, 1907) *'' Paramysis ullskyi'' Czerniavsky, 1882 ;Subgenus ''Serrapalpisis'' Daneliya, 2004 *'' Paramysis incerta'' G. O. Sars, 1895 *'' Paramysis kosswigi'' Băcescu, 1948 *'' Paramysis lacustris'' (Czerniavsky, 1882) *'' Paramysis sowinskii'' Daneliya, 2002 ;Subgenus ''Mesomysis'' Czerniavsky, 1882 *'' Paramysis intermedia'' (Czerniavsky, 1882) ;Subgenus ''Nanoparamysis'' Daneliya, 2004 *'' Paramysis loxolepis'' (G. O. Sars, 1895) ;Subgenus ''Longidentia'' Daneliya, 2004 *'' Paramysis adriatica'' Wittmann, Ariani et Daneliya, 2016 *'' Paramysis helleri'' (G. O. Sars, 1877) *'' Paramysis kroyeri'' (Czerniavsky, 1882) *'' Paramysis nouveli'' (Labat, 1953) *'' Paramysis agigensis'' Băcescu, 1940 ;Subgenus ''Pseudoparamysis'' Băcescu, 1940 *'' Paramysis bacescoi'' Labat, 1953 *'' Paramysis pontica'' (Băcescu, 1940) ;''

Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

'' *'' Paramysis festae'' Colosi, 1922 *'' Paramysis portzicensis'' Nouvel, 1950 *'' Paramysis proconnesia'' Colosi, 1922 *'' Paramysis arenosa'' (G. O. Sars, 1877)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3864145 Mysida