''Paramontana rufozonata'', common name red-zoned turrid, is a

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

, a marine

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Raphitomidae Raphitomidae is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". ''Malacologia'' 47(1-2). . 39 ...

.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Paramontana rufozonata (Angas, 1877). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=434586 on 2019-08-07

Description

The length of the shell attains 5 mm. (Original description) The fusiformly turreted, solid shell is white, sometimes with a zone of double interrupted chestnut lines near the base of the

body whorl The body whorl is part of the morphology of the shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk. In gastropods In gastropods, the b ...

, similar chestnut markings being occasionally apparent here and there near the upper portion of the whorls. The shell contains 6

whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...

s, convex, longitudinally ribbed and crossed with transverse ridges that become sharply and prominently nodulous upon the ribs. The spire is sharp with a light brown apex. The

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An opt ...

is narrowly quadrate. The outer lip is varicose and denticulated. The posterior sinus is moderate. (Discussion as ''Pseudodaphnella rufozonata'' by Charles Hedley) By G. B. Sowerby this species was united to ''P. tincta'' Reeve, and to ''P. albifuniculata'' Reeve, an arrangement copied by Pritchard and Gatliff. But ''P. rufozonata'' is only two-thirds the height of ''P. tincta'', is of a more slender build, and lacks the peculiar excavate base of that tropical species. The latter feature is shown in Reeve's figure, and is mentioned by Hervier as the " depression circulaire autour de son canal basal." The records by Melvill and Standen and by Bouge and Dautzenberg Bouge and Dautzenberg—Journ. de Conch., lxi., 1914, p. 204. of ''P. rufozonata'', from the Loyalty Islands, are doubtless due to the confusion between this and ''P. tincta''. ''P. rufozonata'' is indeed more nearly related to ''P. albifuniculata'' Reeve, but is smaller, more fusiform, and has the radials more prominent owing to the spirals being slighter. A more distant relation is ''P. barnardi'', easily separable by the heavier sculpture and striking colour pattern.

Distribution

This marine species is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to Australia and occurs off

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ...

Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...

and Victoria.

References

* Verco, J.C. 1909. ''Notes on South Australian marine Mollusca with descriptions of new species. Part XII''. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 33: 293–342 * Laseron, C. 1954. ''Revision of the New South Wales Turridae (Mollusca).'' Australian Zoological Handbook. Sydney : Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales pp. 56, pls 1–12 * Powell, A.W.B. 1966. ''The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae, an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with list of characteristic species.'' Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum. Auckland, New Zealand 5: 1–184, pls 1–23

External links

Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Records of the Australian Museum 13(6): 213-359, pls 42-56
*
Grove, S.J. (2018). A Guide to the Seashells and other Marine Molluscs of Tasmania: ''Paramontana rufozonata''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Paramontana Rufozonata rufozonata Gastropods described in 1877 Gastropods of Australia