Paramesvaravarman I (

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...

: 波美稅褐印茶;

pinyin Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally written in Chinese for ...

: ''Bōměishuìhè Yìnchá'';

Vietnamese Vietnamese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia ** A citizen of Vietnam. See Demographics of Vietnam. * Vietnamese people, or Kinh people, a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Vietnam ** Overse ...

: ''Phê Mị Thuế''),

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Parameśvara Yang Pu Indra (Chinese: 波美稅楊布印茶; pinyin: ''Bōměishuì Yáng Bù Yìnchá''), was the king of

Champa Champa (Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ; km, ចាម្ប៉ា; vi, Chiêm Thành or ) were a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is contemporary central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd cen ...

of the Sixth dynasty, ruling from 972 to 982. Paramesvaravarman showed great punctuality in relations with

Song China The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...

. He sent no less than seven embassies between 972 and 979. Champa went to conflict with the new independent Vietnamese kingdom of

Đại Việt Đại Việt (, ; literally Great Việt), often known as Annam ( vi, An Nam, Chữ Hán: 安南), was a monarchy in eastern Mainland Southeast Asia from the 10th century AD to the early 19th century, centered around the region of present-day ...

during his reign. In October 979, king

Đinh Bộ Lĩnh Đinh Bộ Lĩnh (924–979) (r. 968–979), real name allegedly Đinh Hoàn ( 丁桓), was the first Vietnamese emperor following the liberation of the country from the rule of the Chinese Southern Han Dynasty, as well as the founder of the s ...

and prince

Đinh Liễn Đinh Liễn (丁璉, 940 – October 979) or Đinh Khuông Liễn (丁匡璉), was the eldest son of emperor Đinh Bộ Lĩnh, the founding emperor of Đinh dynasty. Liễn was granted the title ''Nam Việt vương'' (南越王, "king of Nam Vi ...

of Dai Viet were killed by a eunuch named

Đỗ Thích Đỗ is a Vietnamese family name. According to Lê Trung Hoa, a Vietnamese scholar, approximately 1.4 percent of Vietnamese people have this surname (2005).Lê Trung Hoa (2005). Họ và tên người Việt Nam, (Hà Nội), Việt Nam: NXB Khoa h ...

while they were sleeping in the palace courtyard, and unrest took placed in Dai Viet. After hearing the news,

Ngô Nhật Khánh Ngô Nhật Khánh ( vi-hantu, 吳日慶, died 979), formally Prince An (安王), was a Vietnamese warlord during the Period of the 12 Warlords. Khánh was a grandson of Ngô Quyền. He occupied Đường Lâm (modern Sơn Tây, Hanoi), and ti ...

, a formal Vietnamese royal dissent exiling in Champa, encouraged Paramesvaravarman, to invade

. However ill-fated expedition was scuttled by a

typhoon A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere. This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for a ...

. In the following year, the new ruler of Dai Viet,

Lê Hoàn Lê Hoàn (10 August 941 – 18 March 1005), posthumously title Lê Đại Hành, was a Vietnamese emperor and the third ruler of Dai Viet kingdom, ruling from 981 to 1005. He first served as the generalissimo commanding a ten-thousand man arm ...

after tempered his kingdom and fended off a Chinese invasion in 981, immediately sent a envoy to Champa. When Paramesvaravarman arrested the envoy Ngô Tử Canh and Từ Mục, that angered Lê Hoàn. In 982, Lê Hoàn organized a retaliatory expedition to Champa. The Vietnamese army killed Paramesvaravarman, sacked a city in Northern Champa (should be located in Quang Tri), and carried off women from the king's entourage, gold, silver, and other precious objects and even a Buddhist monk from India.

References

Bibliography

* * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Paramesvaravarman I Kings of Champa 10th-century Vietnamese monarchs 982 deaths