Paragrammatism is the confused or incomplete use of grammatical structures, found in certain forms of speech disturbance. Paragrammatism is the inability to form grammatically correct sentences. It is characteristic of fluent

aphasia Aphasia is an inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in th ...

, most commonly

receptive aphasia Wernicke's aphasia, also known as receptive aphasia, sensory aphasia or posterior aphasia, is a type of aphasia in which individuals have difficulty understanding written and spoken language. Patients with Wernicke's aphasia demonstrate fluent s ...

. Paragrammatism is sometimes called "extended paraphasia," although it is different from

paraphasia Paraphasia is a type of language output error commonly associated with aphasia, and characterized by the production of unintended syllables, words, or phrases during the effort to speak. Paraphasic errors are most common in patients with fluent for ...

. Paragrammatism is roughly synonymous with " word salad," which concerns the semantic coherence of speech rather than its production.

Cause

Huber assumes a disturbance of the sequential organization of sentences as the cause of the syntactic errors (1981:3). Most students and practitioners regard paragrammatism as the morphosyntactic "leitsymptom" of Wernicke's aphasia. However, ever since the introduction of the term ''paragrammatism'' some students have pointed out that paragrammatic and agrammatic phenomena, which in classical theory form part of Broca's aphasia, may co-occur in the same patient.

History

Since Kleist introduced the term in 1916, paragrammatism has denoted a disordered mode of expression that is characterized by confused and erroneous word order, syntactic structure or grammatical morphology (Schlenck 1991:199f) Most researchers suppose that the faulty syntactic structure (sentence blends, contaminations, break-offs) results from a disturbance of the syntactic plan of the utterance (de Bleser/Bayer 1993:160f) In non-fluent aphasia, oral expression is often agrammatic, i.e. grammatically incomplete or incorrect. By contrast, expression in fluent aphasia usually appears grammatical, albeit with disruptions in content. Despite this persistent impression, errors of sentence structure and morphology do occur in fluent aphasia, although they take the form of substitutions rather than omissions.

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{{Medical resources , ICD10 = , ICD9 = , ICDO = , OMIM = , DiseasesDB = , MedlinePlus = , eMedicineSubj = , eMedicineTopic = , MeSH = , GeneReviewsNBK = , GeneReviewsName = , Orphanet = , SNOMED CT = 35204001 Aphasias Grammar

Cause

History

See also

References

External links