Papyrus 98 (in the

Gregory–Aland A biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. Biblical manuscripts vary in size from tiny scrolls containing individual verses of the Jewish scriptures (see ''Tefillin'') to huge polyglot codices (multi-lin ...

numbering), designated by 𝔓⁹⁸, is an early copy of the

New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christ ...

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

. It is a

papyrus Papyrus ( ) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, '' Cyperus papyrus'', a wetland sedge. ''Papyrus'' (plural: ''papyri'') can also refer to a ...

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printing, printed or repr ...

of the

Book of Revelation The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament (and consequently the final book of the Christian Bible). Its title is derived from the first word of the Koine Greek text: , meaning "unveiling" or "revelation". The Book of R ...

. The manuscript palaeographically had been assigned to years 150–250.

Description

The surviving text of Revelation includes verses 1:13–2:1 in a fragmentary condition. The script is well-formed and large.Philip Comfort & David Barrett, ''The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts'', Tyndale House 2001, p. 629. It was formed in a scroll. The biblical text is on the side verso. On the recto is another documentary text dated to the end of the 1st century or the beginning of the 2nd century. Side verso of the scroll was used for the biblical text at the end of the 2nd century. It has an error of

dittography Dittography is the accidental, erroneous act of repeating a letter, word, phrase or combination of letters by a scribe or copyist. The term is used in the field of textual criticism. The opposite phenomenon, in which a copyist omits text by skippi ...

in the first line – περι̣εζωσμμ̣εν̣ον instead of περιεζωσμενον.

Text

It is still not placed in any of Aland's

Categories of New Testament manuscripts New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in ''The Text of the New Testament''. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the vari ...

. "The text shows several differences from that printed in Nestle–Aland 27th". ecto

περ]ι̣εζωσμμ̣εν̣ �ν προς τοις μαστοις ζωνην χρυ�εν ^{:14/sup> και η κ̣ε �αλη αυτου και αι τριχες λευκαι
ωςεριον λευκον �ς χιων και οι οφθαλμοι αυτου ως
φλ�ξ πυρος ^{:15/sup> και �ι ποδες αυτου ομοιοι χαλκολιβανω
ωςεν καμινω πε �υρωμενης και η φωνη αυτου ως
φωνη υδατων π̣[ολλων ^[1:16/sup> και εχων εν τη δεξια χειρι
αυτου αστερες [ζ̅ και εκ του στοματος αυτου ρομ
φαια διστομος ο[ξεια εκπορευομενη και η οψις αυ
το̣υ ως ο η̣λ̣ιος φ[αινει εν τη δυναμει αυτου ^[1:17] και οτε ει
δ̣ο̣ν̣ αυτον ε[π]εσα [προς τους ποδας αυτου ως νεκρος
και εθηκε̣ τ̣η̣ν̣ [δεξιαν αυτου επ εμε λεγων
μη φοβ̣ ��̣ ε̣γ̣ω̣ �ιμι ο πρωτος και ο εσχατος ^[1:18/sup> και εγε
νομεν̣ ν̣εκ̣ρ̣ο̣[ς και ιδου ζων ειμι εις τους αιωνας
τ̣ω̣ν̣ α̣ι̣ω̣ν̣ω̣ν̣ [και εχω τας κλεις του θανατου και
του α̣δ̣ο̣υ̣ ^[1:19] γ̣ρ̣α̣ψ̣ο̣ν̣ [ουν α ειδες και α εισιν και α μελλει
γε̣ν̣ε̣[σ]θ̣α̣ι̣ [μετα ταυτα ^[1:20] το μυστηριον των ζ̅
α̣στερ̣ω̣ν̣ �υς ειδες επι της δεξιας μου και τας
ζ̅ λυχνει[α� [τας χρυσας οι ζ̅ αστερες αγγελοι των
ζ̅ εκκλησ̣ι̣ω̣ν̣ ε̣ι[σιν και αι λυχνιαι αι ζ̅ ζ̅ εκκλεσιαι
εισ]ι̣[ν ^[2:1] τω αγγελω της εν εφεσω εκκλησιας γραψον ταδε λεγ
ε̣ι̣ [ο κρατων τους ζ̅ αστερας εν τη δεξια αυτου ο}}

In Rev 1:18 it lacks the phrase as Latin

Codex Gigas The ''Codex Gigas'' ("Giant Book"; cs, Obří kniha) is the largest extant medieval illuminated manuscript in the world, at a length of . Very large illuminated bibles were a typical feature of Romanesque monastic book production, but even wi ...

and some manuscripts of

Vulgate The Vulgate (; also called (Bible in common tongue), ) is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible. The Vulgate is largely the work of Jerome who, in 382, had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Gospels u ...

. It is the only Greek manuscript not containing this phrase.

History

The manuscript was probably written in Egypt. The first publisher was Wagner in 1971,G. Wagner, ''Cette liste d'objects divers ne fait peut-etre pas partie d'une lettre'', P. IFAO II (1971), 31. who did not know that it was a biblical text. Hagedorn discovered that it was the text of Rev. 1:13–2:1. ; Present location The manuscript is currently housed at the

Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale The Institut français d'archéologie orientale (or IFAO), also known as the French Institute for Oriental Archaeology in Cairo, is a French research institute based in Cairo, Egypt, dedicated to the study of the archaeology, history and language ...

(P. IFAO inv. 237b a at

Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...

References

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Image from 𝔓⁹⁸
{{DEFAULTSORT:Papyrus 0098 New Testament papyri 2nd-century biblical manuscripts Early Greek manuscripts of the New Testament Book of Revelation papyri

Description

Text

History

See also

References

Further reading

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