''Papiliolebias'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Rivulidae The Rivulidae are a family of killifishes in the order Cyprinodontiformes. They are commonly known as rivulids, South American killifish or New World killifish. The latter names are slightly misleading, however, as they are neither restricted to ...

. These annual

killifish A killifish is any of various oviparous (egg-laying) cyprinodontiform fish (including families Aplocheilidae, Cyprinodontidae, Fundulidae, Profundulidae and Valenciidae). All together, there are 1,270 species of killifish, the biggest family ...

are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to seasonal pools in the

Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...

and upper

Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...

river basins in northwestern Argentina, central and southeastern Bolivia, and western Paraguay.Nielsen, D.T.B. & Brousseau, R. (2014)
Description of a new annual fish, ''Papiliolebias ashleyae'' (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the upper Rio Mamoré basin, Bolivia.
''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 20 (1): 53-59.''Valdesalici, S. & Brousseau, R. (2014)
A new ''Papiliolebias'' species (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from Bolivian Amazon.
''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 20 (3): 117-122.''Valdesalici, S., Nielsen, D.T.B., Brousseau, R. & Phunkner, J. (2016): ''Papiliolebias habluetzeli'' (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae) a new miniature annual fish from the upper Rio Mamoré, Bolivia. ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 22 (4): 155-164.'' They are small fish, up to in

total length Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. Overall length * Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish ...

. As typical of killifish, males are more colorful than females.

Species

''Papiliolebias'' and the closely related '' Maratecoara'', '' Pituna'', ''

Plesiolebias ''Plesiolebias'' is a genus of fish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal pools, swamps and lagoons in the Araguaia–Tocantins, Xingu, and uppermost Paraguay (Pantanal) river basins in Brazil. They are small ...

'' and '' Stenolebias'' form a

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

, Plesiolebiasini. There are currently 5 recognized species in ''Papiliolebias'': * '' Papiliolebias ashleyae'' D. T. B. Nielsen & Brousseau, 2014 * '' Papiliolebias bitteri'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 1989) * '' Papiliolebias francescae'' Valdesalici & Brousseau, 2014 * '' Papiliolebias habluetzeli'' Valdesalici, D. T. B. Nielsen, Brousseau & Phunkner, 2016 * ''

Papiliolebias hatinne ''Papiliolebias'' is a genus of fish in the family (biology), family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are Endemism, endemic to seasonal pools in the Paraguay River, Paraguay and upper Madeira River, Madeira river basins in northwestern Argentina ...

'' Azpelicueta, Butí & G. B. García, 2009

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7132985 Rivulidae Fish of South America Freshwater fish genera