''Paphiopedilum sukhakulii'' is a species of plant in the family

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

Description

''Paphiopedilum sukhakulii,'' a perennial rosulate herb, is small in size, narrowly shaped, pale, and dark green. The outer side of its leaf is light and dark green, and the inner side is gray-green with red dots. The leaves usually reach up to 30 cm height and 5 cm in width. ''P. sukhakulii'' flowers are up to 14 cm in diameter, purple-brown and white-haired, with a single flowered inflorescence and a green ovate floral bract that is the length of the ovary. The broad oval upper sepal is white with a pink base that usually is 10–13 cm long and 2–6 cm short. It has longitudinal green lines that stretch across the leaf without touching the edges, leaving a narrow white border. The lower sepals look like the upper ones, but much smaller, white and purple, with purple and green lines. The oval-lanceolate petals are arranged horizontally and slightly bent forward. The edges of the petals are slightly wavy and are covered with hairs that are dense and long. These petals are shiny and bright green with darker longitudinal veins and brown-red dots.

Range description

True endemic species are often rare, tending to be confined to specific areas. The ''P. Sukhakulii'' is one of these rare species with a very restricted distribution at one small location. The ''P. Sukhakulii'' is a species of

orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to northeastern

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

. It grows at heights of 240–1000 meters on Mount Phy Luang Mountains in the province of Loei. This orchid grows in leafy sand-clay linens, usually along mountain streams under the shade of large forest trees. Flowering occurs during the warm months of the year. ''Paphiopedilum sukhakulii'', is a species of the hill evergreen forest and is very sensitive to the environment. It must be grown near rocky high altitude, particular nutrient availability, and shaded habitats.

Population

The population is slowly decreasing and is currently under the category of critically endangered. The ''P. sukhakulii'' has been significantly reduced during recent decades due to many threats. There is a continuing decline in the number of ''P. sukhakulii'' and the quality of the habitats in the single location. The estimated number of ''P. sukhakulii'' is less than 50 and they all occur in a single subpopulation. The population has declined by 95% over the last decade. This decline is continuing rapidly and the population is projected to decline by 95-99% in the next three generations.

Use and trade

The ''P. sukhakulii'' is among the most heavily traded ornamental plants in Thailand. ''P. sukhakulii'' is collected for commercial use for horticulture, domestic and international trade.

Major threats

This species is under numerous threats including

habitat fragmentation Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat), causing population fragmentation and ecosystem decay. Causes of habitat fragmentation include geological processes ...

and

degradation Degradation may refer to: Science * Degradation (geology), lowering of a fluvial surface by erosion * Degradation (telecommunications), of an electronic signal * Biodegradation of organic substances by living organisms * Environmental degradation ...

through the deterioration of the surrounding environments,

deforestation Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated d ...

logging Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport. It may include skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks or skeleton cars. Logging is the beginning of a supply chain ...

, random cutting, ruthless collection for regional and international trade, trampling, recreation and ecological disturbance.

Conservation actions

According to the IUCN Red list, there are many actions that can be done in order to protect the ''P. sukhakulii.'' One action that can be done would be protecting the habitat, from collection, trampling, and deforestation. Other actions would be to raise public awareness, initiate long term community based conservation, estimate the population size, and protect the living individuals of the species through legislation and legal protection, which would then ban the species from being chosen or dug up.

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1313883 sukhakulii Orchids of Thailand Endemic flora of Thailand