''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The genus is native to Southeast Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, southern

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

, New Guinea and the

Solomon Solomon (; , ),, ; ar, سُلَيْمَان, ', , ; el, Σολομών, ; la, Salomon also called Jedidiah (Hebrew language, Hebrew: , Modern Hebrew, Modern: , Tiberian Hebrew, Tiberian: ''Yăḏīḏăyāh'', "beloved of Yahweh, Yah"), ...

and Bismarck Islands. The type species of this genus is ''

Paphiopedilum insigne ''Paphiopedilum insigne'' is an Asian species of slipper orchid and the type species of the genus ''Paphiopedilum''. Its name is derived from the Latin ''insigne'', meaning 'badge of honor' due to the magnificent flower. In the 19th century it w ...

''.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> The species and their hybrids are extensively cultivated, and are known as either paphiopedilums, or by the abbreviation paphs in horticulture. Due to their popularity, Paphiopedilums have been ruthlessly gathered and poached from the wild, making them very rare or extinct there. As soon as a new species or population is discovered, poachers will take the plants for orchid collectors who pay large sums of money. Habitat destruction is an additional factor contributing to their rarity.

Description

''Paphiopedilum'' species naturally occur among humus layers as terrestrials on the forest floor, while a few are true

epiphyte An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...

s and some are lithophytes. These sympodial orchids lack pseudobulbs. Instead, they grow robust shoots, each with several

leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...

; some are hemicryptophytes. The leaves can be short and rounded or long and narrow and typically have a mottled pattern. When older shoots die, newer ones take over. Each new shoot only blooms once when it is fully grown, producing a

raceme A raceme ( or ) or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the s ...

between the fleshy, succulent leaves. The roots are thick and fleshy. Potted plants form a tight lump of roots that, when untangled, can be up to 1 m long. Members of this genus are considered highly collectible by orchid fanciers due to the curious and unusual form of their flowers. Along with '' Cypripedium'', '' Mexipedium'', ''

Phragmipedium ''Phragmipedium'' is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae) (Subfamily Cypripedioideae) and the only genus comprised in the tribe Phragmipedieae and subtribe Phragmipediinae. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek ''phragma'', which ...

'' and '' Selenipedium'', the genus is a member of the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

Cypripedioideae, commonly referred to as the "lady's-slippers" or "slipper orchids" due to the unusual shape of the pouch-like labellum of the flower. The pouch traps insects seeking

nectar Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries or nectarines, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists ...

, and to leave again they have to climb up past the

staminode In botany, a staminode is an often rudimentary, sterile or abortive stamen, which means that it does not produce pollen.Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; ''A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent''; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. ...

, behind which they collect or deposit pollinia. Orchids of this genus are notoriously difficult to propagate by tissue culture; as of 2016, commercial cultivation is almost exclusively seed-based. This means every plant is unique. Paphiopedilum-fairrieanum

Members of this genus have unusual

stomata In botany, a stoma (from Greek ''στόμα'', "mouth", plural "stomata"), also called a stomate (plural "stomates"), is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange. The pore is bor ...

. Whereas most land plants' stomata have

guard cells Guard cells are specialized plant cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that are used to control gas exchange. They are produced in pairs with a gap between them that forms a stomatal pore. The stomatal pores are largest when ...

with

chloroplast A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in ...

s in their cytoplasm (including those of closely related ''

'' slipper orchids), ''Paphiopedilum'' stomata do not. This difference results in simpler, but weaker control of stomatal function. For example, most plants close their stomata in response to either blue or red light, but ''Paphiopedilum'' guard cells only respond to blue light. The fact that they lack chloroplasts has made them valuable to researchers investigating stomatal function. For example, it enabled the discovery of intracellular events that precede stomatal closure.

In horticulture

The paphiopedilums are among the most widely cultivated and hybridized of orchid genera. Spectacular new species are being discovered every now and then; for example the

golden slipper orchid ''Paphiopedilum armeniacum'' is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is known commonly as the apricot orange paphiopedilumRankou, H. & Averyanov, L. 2015''Paphiopedilum armeniacum''.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Sp ...

(''P. armeniacum''), discovered in 1979 and described in 1982, amazed growers of orchids by the extraordinary beauty of its golden flowers. In addition, growers have bred thousands of interspecific hybrids and registered them with the Royal Horticultural Society in London over the years. ''Paphiopedilums'' are terrestrial and evergreen in growth habit, and by careful selection of species and hybrids, it is possible to have a flowering period extending over nine months of the year. They can be grown indoors, as long as conditions that mimic their natural habitats are created. Most species thrive in moderate to high humidity (50–70%), moderate temperatures ranging from 13 to 35 degrees

Celsius The degree Celsius is the unit of temperature on the Celsius scale (originally known as the centigrade scale outside Sweden), one of two temperature scales used in the International System of Units (SI), the other being the Kelvin scale. The ...

and low light of 12,000 to 20,000

lux The lux (symbol: lx) is the unit of illuminance, or luminous flux per unit area, in the International System of Units (SI). It is equal to one lumen per square metre. In photometry, this is used as a measure of the intensity, as perceived by the ...

. Modern hybrids are typically easier to grow in artificial conditions than their parent species.

Taxonomy and systematics

The genus name ''Paphiopedilum'' was established by Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer in 1886; it is derived from Paphos (a city in Cyprus, a place sacred to Aphrodite. It was said she landed at the site when rose from the sea as her birth.) and Ancient Greek ''pedilon'' " slipper". No paphiopedilum occurs on Cyprus – at least not as the genus is understood today. But it was long mixed up with its Holarctic relative ''Cypripedium'', which grows in the Mediterranean region. ''Paphiopedilum'' was made a valid taxon in 1959, but its use has become restricted to eastern Asian species in our time.

Subdivisions

The genus ''Paphiopedilum'' has been divided into several subgenera, and then further into sections and subsections: * Subgenus '' Parvisepalum'' * Subgenus '' Brachypetalum'' * Subgenus ''

Polyantha Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens. They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates. An enormous number ...

'' ** Section ''Mastigopetalum'' ** Section ''Polyantha'' ** Section ''Mystropetalum'' * Subgenus '' Paphiopedilum'' ** Section ''Stictopetalum'' ** Section ''Paphiopedilum'' ** Section ''Ceratopetalum'' ** Section ''Cymatopetalum'' ** Section ''Thiopetalum'' * Subgenus '' Sigmatopetalum'' ** Section ''Spathopetalum'' *** Subsection ''Macronidium'' *** Subsection ''Spathopetalum'' ** Section ''Blepharopetalum'' ** Section ''Mastersianum'' ** Section ''Punctatum'' ** Section ''Barbata'' *** Subsection ''Lorapetalum'' *** Subsection ''Chloroneura'' ** Section ''Planipetalum'' ** Section ''Venustum'' * Subgenus '' Cochlopetalum'' * Subgenus '' Megastaminodium''

Selected species

There are more than 550 taxa in this genus, including some 80 valid species. Some notable species and their natural hybrids are listed here, together with some assorted varieties and forms: * '' Paphiopedilum acmodontum'' (Philippines) * ''

Paphiopedilum adductum ''Paphiopedilum adductum'' is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to Mindanao Island of the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat ...

'' * ''

Paphiopedilum × affine ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. ...

'' (''P. appletonianum × P. villosum'') (Vietnam) * ''

Paphiopedilum appletonianum ''Paphiopedilum appletonianum'' is a species of orchid occurring from Hainan Island to Indochina. Synonyms ''Cypripedium appletonianum'' Gower is the basionym In the scientific name of organisms, basionym or basyonym means the original name ...

'' (Hainan to Indochina) * ''

Paphiopedilum × areeanum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily ''Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The ge ...

'' (''P. barbigerum × P. villosum'' var. ''annamense'') (China: SE Yunnan) * ''

Paphiopedilum argus ''Paphiopedilum argus'' is a species of orchid endemic to Luzon Island of the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republik ...

'' (Philippines: Luzon) * ''

Paphiopedilum armeniacum ''Paphiopedilum armeniacum'' is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is known commonly as the apricot orange paphiopedilumRankou, H. & Averyanov, L. 2015''Paphiopedilum armeniacum''.The IUCN Red List of Threatened S ...

'' –

Golden slipper orchid ''Paphiopedilum armeniacum'' is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is known commonly as the apricot orange paphiopedilumRankou, H. & Averyanov, L. 2015''Paphiopedilum armeniacum''.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Sp ...

** ''Paphiopedilum armeniacum'' fma. ''markii'' * ''

Paphiopedilum barbatum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily ''Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The ge ...

'' –

Penang slipper orchid Penang ( ms, Pulau Pinang, is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait. It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the Ma ...

(Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra) * '' Paphiopedilum barbigerum'' * ''

Paphiopedilum bellatulum ''Paphiopedilum bellatulum'', commonly known as the egg-in-a-nest orchid, is a species of orchid found from southeastern Yunnan, Guizhou and southern Guangxi of China to Indochina. It is also found in Myanmar and Thailand at an altitude of 1,000 ...

'' –

Egg-in-a-nest orchid ''Paphiopedilum bellatulum'', commonly known as the egg-in-a-nest orchid, is a species of orchid found from southeastern Yunnan, Guizhou and southern Guangxi of China to Indochina. It is also found in Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronuncia ...

(SE Yunnan, Guizhou, S Guangxi to Indochina) * ''

Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum ''Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum'' is a species of orchid Endemism, endemic to New Guinea. Description Its leaves span 30-35 centimeters. Taxonomy It was named by Fowlie, in ''Orchid Digest'' 35: 122. in 1971. References External lin ...

'' (Solomon Islands) ** ''Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum'' var. ''bougainvilleanum'' (Solomon Islands: North Solomons) ** ''Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum'' var. ''saskianum'' (Solomon Islands: South Solomons) * '' Paphiopedilum bullenianum'' (Malesia) ** ''Paphiopedilum bullenianum'' var. ''bullenianum'' (W Malaysia) ** ''Paphiopedilum bullenianum'' var. ''celebesense'' (Sulawesi to Maluku) * ''

Paphiopedilum × burbidgei ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The ...

'' (''P. dayanum × P. javanicum'' var. ''virens'') (Borneo) * ''

Paphiopedilum callosum ''Paphiopedilum callosum'' is a species of orchid found from Vietnam to northwestern Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia ( ms, Semenanjung Malaysia; Jawi: سمننجڠ مليسيا), or the States of Malaya ( ms, Negeri-negeri Tanah Mel ...

'' (Indochina to NW Peninsular Malaysia) ** ''Paphiopedilum callosum'' var. ''callosum'' (Indochina) (including f. ''albinum'', ''P. viniferum'') ** ''Paphiopedilum callosum'' var. ''potentianum'' (Thailand) ** ''Paphiopedilum callosum'' var. ''warnerianum'' (Peninsular Thailand to NW Peninsular Malaysia) * ''

Paphiopedilum charlesworthii ''Paphiopedilum charlesworthii'' is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. Distribution and habitat Restricted in distribution to the Shan States of northern Burma (Myanmar) and adjacent bordering areas of Thailand and Yunnan, China. It ...

'' * ''

Paphiopedilum ciliolare ''Paphiopedilum ciliolare'' is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is known commonly as the short haired paphiopedilum. It is endemic to the Philippines. This is a rare orchid with a total wild population of fewer ...

'' * '' Paphiopedilum concolor'' * ''

Paphiopedilum × cribbii ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. ...

'' Averyanov (S Vietnam) * '' Paphiopedilum × dalatense'' (''P. callosum × P. villosum var. annamense'') (Vietnam) * ''

Paphiopedilum dayanum ''Paphiopedilum dayanum'' is a species of orchid endemism, endemic to Mount Kinabalu on Borneo. Taxonomy It was named by John Lindley in ''Morph. Stud. Orchideenbl.:'' 11 in 1886. References External links

Paphiopedilum, dayan ...

'' (Borneo) * ''

Paphiopedilum delenatii ''Paphiopedilum delenatii'', described in 1924, is named after Delanat, a French orchid enthusiast of the 1900s. It was first discovered in 1913 when it was brought to France by returning soldiers, and was believed to be extinct and was not redi ...

'' * '' Paphiopedilum dianthum'' * '' Paphiopedilum × dixlerianum'' (''P. callosum × P. wardii'') (Myanmar) * ''

Paphiopedilum druryi ''Paphiopedilum druryi'' is a species of orchid endemic to the Agastyamalai Hills of southern India. It is the only southern Indian orchid species in the genus. Rediscovered in 1972 after its original description in 1870, wild populations were d ...

'' (S India) * ''

Paphiopedilum emersonii ''Paphiopedilum emersonii'', described in 1982, is a species of orchid named after American orchid enthusiast Emerson 'Doc' Charles. The plant blooms from late spring to early summer with one to two flowers per an infloresensce. The plant size ...

'' * '' Paphiopedilum × expansum'' ('' P. hennisianum × P. philippinense'') (Philippines) * ''

Paphiopedilum exul ''Paphiopedilum exul'' is a species of orchid endemic to peninsular Thailand Southern Thailand, Southern Siam or Tambralinga is a southernmost cultural region of Thailand, separated from Central Thailand region by the Kra Isthmus. Geograph ...

'' (Peninsular Thailand) * '' Paphiopedilum fairrieanum'' (E Himalaya to Assam) * '' Paphiopedilum × fanaticum'' (''P. malipoense × P. micranthum'') (S China) * ''

Paphiopedilum fowliei ''Paphiopedilum fowliei'' is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to Palawan in the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. Etymology Th ...

'' * ''

Paphiopedilum × frankeanum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily ''Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family (biology), family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natur ...

'' (''P. superbiens × P. tonsum'') (Sumatra) * ''

Paphiopedilum gigantifolium ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. ...

'' (SC Sulawesi) * '' Paphiopedilum glanduliferum'' (NW New Guinea) * '' Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum'' * '' Paphiopedilum godefroyae'' (Peninsular Thailand) * ''

Paphiopedilum gratrixianum ''Paphiopedilum gratrixianum'' is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae found from Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ...

'' * '' Paphiopedilum × grussianum'' (''P. dianthum × P. hirsutissimum'' var. ''esquirolei'') (China: Guangxi) * '' Paphiopedilum hangianum'' Perner & O.Gruss (Yunnan to Vietnam) (including f. ''album'', ''P. singchii'') * ''

Paphiopedilum haynaldianum ''Paphiopedilum haynaldianum'' is a species of orchid endemism, endemic to the islands of Negros Island, Negros and Luzon of the Philippines. Varieties

*''Paphiopedilum haynaldium'' var. ''laurae'' Paphiopedilum, haynaldianum Orchids o ...

'' (Philippines: Luzon, Negros) * ''

Paphiopedilum helenae ''Paphiopedilum helenae'' is a species of orchid endemic to Cao Bằng Province of Vietnam. References External links helenae Endemic orchids of Vietnam Plants described in 1996 {{Cypripedioideae-stub ...

'' Aver. (N Vietnam: Cao Bang Province) (includes ''P. delicatum'') * ''

Paphiopedilum hennisianum ''Paphiopedilum hennisianum'' is a species of orchid endemic to central Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan ...

'' (C Philippines) * '' Paphiopedilum henryanum'' (SE Yunnan, Guangxi to N Vietnam) * '' Paphiopedilum × herrmannii'' (''P. helenae × P. hirsutissimum'' var. ''esquirolei'') (Vietnam) * ''

Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum ''Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum'' is a species of orchid ranging from Assam to southern China. hirsutissimum {{Cypripedioideae-stub ...

'' (Assam to S China) ** ''Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum'' var. ''chiwuanum'' (China: Yunnan) ** ''Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum'' var. ''esquirolei'' (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi to N & E Indochina) ** ''Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum'' var. ''hirsutissimum'' (Assam to Myanmar) * ''

Paphiopedilum hookerae ''Paphiopedilum hookerae'' is a species of orchid endemic to Borneo. hookerae {{Cypripedioideae-stub ...

'' (Borneo) ** ''Paphiopedilum hookerae'' var. ''hookerae'' (Borneo: Sarawak, W. Kalimantan) ** ''Paphiopedilum hookerae'' var. ''volonteanum'' (Borneo: Sabah) * ''

'' (Assam: Meghalaya) * ''

Paphiopedilum intaniae ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. ...

'' (Sulawesi) * ''

Paphiopedilum javanicum ''Paphiopedilum javanicum'', commonly known as the Java paphiopedilum, is a species of orchid from southeast Asia, specifically in Java, Bali, Flores and Sumatra. Its population is decreasing due to a number of threats, causing the IUCN to list i ...

'' (Sumatra, Borneo to Lesser Sunda Islands) ** ''Paphiopedilum javanicum'' var. ''javanicum'' (Sumatra to Lesser Sunda Islands) ** ''Paphiopedilum javanicum'' var. ''virens'' (Borneo: Sabah to N Sarawak) * '' Paphiopedilum × kimballianum'' (''P. dayanum × P. rothschildianum'') (Borneo: Mt. Kinabalu) * ''

Paphiopedilum kolopakingii ''Paphiopedilum kolopakingii'' is a species of orchid endemic to Borneo (central Kalimantan Kalimantan () is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are Bru ...

'' (Borneo: C Kalimantan) * '' Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum'' (Borneo - Sarawak, Sabah) * ''

Paphiopedilum liemianum ''Paphiopedilum liemianum'' is a species of orchid endemism, endemic to northern Sumatra (Kg. Susuk). These plants were first collected in Gunong Sinabung in Sumatra by Liem Khe Wie, at 600–1,000 meters. The flowers are 8–9 cm across and ...

'' (N. Sumatra) * '' Paphiopedilum × littleanum'' (''P. dayanum × P. lawrenceanum'') (Borneo) * '' Paphiopedilum lowii'' (W & C Malesia) ** ''Paphiopedilum lowii'' var. ''lowii'' (W & C Malaysia) ** ''Paphiopedilum lowii'' var. ''lynniae'' (Borneo) ** ''Paphiopedilum lowii'' var. ''richardianum'' (Sulawesi) * '' Paphiopedilum malipoense'' –

Jade slipper orchid ''Paphiopedilum malipoense'' is a species of orchid commonly known as the jade slipper orchid. This hemicryptophyte plant starts blooming in the spring time and has one flower per inflorescence. The plant grows in intermediate to cool condi ...

(including ''P. jackii'') * ''

Paphiopedilum mastersianum ''Paphiopedilum mastersianum'' is a species of orchid occurring from the Lesser Sunda Islands The Lesser Sunda Islands or nowadays known as Nusa Tenggara Islands ( id, Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, formerly ) are an archipelago in Maritime South ...

'' (Lesser Sunda Islands to Maluku) ** ''Paphiopedilum mastersianum'' var. ''mastersianum'' (Maluku: Ambon, Buru) ** ''Paphiopedilum mastersianum'' var. ''mohrianum'' (Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores) * '' Paphiopedilum × mattesii'' (''P. barbatum × P. bullenianum'') (Peninsular Malaysia) * ''

Paphiopedilum micranthum ''Paphiopedilum micranthum'', described in 1951, is commonly known as the silver slipper orchid or hard-leaved pocket orchid. It blooms during late winter to early summer with one flower per inflorescence. As opposed to its close sibling ''Pap ...

'' – Silver slipper orchid, hard-leaved pocket orchid ** ''Paphiopedilum micranthum'' var. ''eburneum'' ** ''Paphiopedilum micranthum'' var. ''glanzeanum'' (Albinistic form) * ''

Paphiopedilum niveum ''Paphiopedilum niveum'' is a species of orchid occurring from peninsular Thailand to peninsular Malaysia. It is best known on Pulau Langkawi Langkawi, officially known by its sobriquet Langkawi, the Jewel of Kedah ( ms, Langkawi Permata ...

'' (Peninsular Thailand to N Peninsular Malaysia) * ''

Paphiopedilum ooii ''Paphiopedilum ooii'' is named after Michael Ooi, a slipper orchid enthusiast from Malaysia. The plant blooms in the spring to early summer with a spike that can reach up to 2 meters and produce up to 17 flowers. Distribution ''Paphiopedil ...

'' Koop.; Borneo ( Sabah) * '' Paphiopedilum papilio-laoticus'' Schuit., Luang Aphay & Iio;

Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...

* ''

Paphiopedilum papuanum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. ...

'' (New Guinea) * '' Paphiopedilum parishii'' (Assam to W Yunnan) * ''

Paphiopedilum × pereirae ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. ...

'' (''P. exul × P. niveum'') (Peninsular Thailand) * ''

Paphiopedilum × petchleungianum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. ...

'' (''P. dianthum × P. villosum'') (China: SE Yunnan) * ''

Paphiopedilum philippinense ''Paphiopedilum philippinense'' is a species of orchid occurring from the Philippines to northern Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime So ...

'' (Philippines to N Borneo) ** ''Paphiopedilum philippinense'' var. ''philippinense'' (Philippines to N Borneo) ** ''Paphiopedilum philippinense'' var. ''roebelenii'' (Philippines: Luzon) * '' Paphiopedilum × powellii'' (''P. callosum × P. exul'') (Peninsular Thailand) * '' Paphiopedilum × pradhanii'' (''P. fairrieanum × P. venustum'') (E Himalaya) * ''

Paphiopedilum primulinum ''Paphiopedilum primulinum'' is a species of orchid endemic to Sumatra (southern Aceh Aceh ( ), officially the Aceh Province ( ace, Nanggroë Acèh; id, Provinsi Aceh) is the westernmost province of Indonesia. It is located on the northern ...

'' (Sumatra: S Aceh) ** ''Paphiopedilum primulinum'' var. ''primulinum'' ** ''Paphiopedilum primulinum'' var. ''purpurascens'' * '' Paphiopedilum purpuratum'' (S China to Hainan) ** ''Paphiopedilum purpuratum'' var. ''hainanense'' (Hainan) ** ''Paphiopedilum purpuratum'' var. ''purpuratum'' (China: Yunnan, Hong Kong, Guangdong) * ''

Paphiopedilum randsii ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. ...

'' (Philippines: N Mindanao) * ''

Paphiopedilum rhizomatosum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily ''Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The ge ...

'' (Myanmar) * '' Paphiopedilum robinsonianum'' (Central Sulawesi) * ''

Paphiopedilum rothschildianum ''Paphiopedilum rothschildianum'', it is commonly known as the Gold of Kinabalu orchid or Rothschild's slipper orchid, is a large sized clear-leafed species of orchid. It blooms with a tall inflorescence with up to six, large flowers. It is uniqu ...

'' (NW Borneo on ultramafic soil) * '' Paphiopedilum saccopetalum'' (China: SE Guanxi) * '' Paphiopedilum sanderianum'' (NW Borneo: Gunung Mulu) * '' Paphiopedilum sangii'' (N Sulawesi) * '' Paphiopedilum schoseri'' (Sulawesi to Maluku) * '' Paphiopedilum × shipwayae'' (''P. dayanum × P. hookerae''). (Borneo) * '' Paphiopedilum × siamense'' (''P. appletonianum × P. callosum'') (Thailand) * ''

Paphiopedilum spicerianum ''Paphiopedilum spicerianum'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is said to be endemism, endemic to Assam (India) but might actually be rather widespread, though nowhere common, between Bhutan and northwestern Myanmar. ...

'' * '' Paphiopedilum × spicerovenustum'' (''P. spiceranum × P. venustum'') (Assam) * ''

Paphiopedilum stonei ''Paphiopedilum stonei'' is a species of orchid, endemic to Borneo (Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Ma ...

'' (Borneo: Sarawak) ** ''Paphiopedilum stonei'' var. ''platyphyllum'' (Borneo: Sarawak) ** ''Paphiopedilum stonei'' var. ''stonei'' (Borneo: S Sarawak) * ''

Paphiopedilum sugiyamanum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily ''Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The ge ...

'' (Borneo: Sabah) * ''

Paphiopedilum sukhakulii ''Paphiopedilum sukhakulii'' is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. Description ''Paphiopedilum sukhakulii,'' a perennial rosulate herb, is small in size, narrowly shaped, pale, and dark green. The outer side of its leaf is light and ...

'' (NE Thailand) * '' Paphiopedilum supardii'' (Borneo: SE Kalimantan) * '' Paphiopedilum superbiens'' (N & W Sumatra) * '' Paphiopedilum thaianum'' (Thailand) * '' Paphiopedilum tigrinum'' (including ''P. smaragdinum'') * ''

Paphiopedilum tonsum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily ''Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family (biology), family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natur ...

'' (Rchb.f.) Stein (N & W Sumatra) (including f. ''alboviride'') * ''

Paphiopedilum tranlienianum ''Paphiopedilum tranlienianum'' is a species of orchid endemic to Vietnam. References External links tranlienianum Endemic orchids of Vietnam {{Cypripedioideae-stub ...

'' (Vietnam) ** ''Paphiopedilum tranlienianum'' f. ''alboviride'' (Vietnam) * ''

Paphiopedilum urbanianum ''Paphiopedilum urbanianum'' is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to Mindoro in the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is almost extinct in the wild, partly due to hab ...

'' * ''

Paphiopedilum usitanum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. ...

'' (Philippines) * '' Paphiopedilum vejvarutianum'' (Thailand: Kanchanaburi) * '' Paphiopedilum × venustoinsigne'' (''P. insigne × P. venustum'') (Assam) * ''

Paphiopedilum venustum ''Paphiopedilum venustum'' is a species of orchid ranging from eastern Nepal to northeastern Bangladesh. ] References External links Paphiopedilum, venustum Orchids of Bangladesh Orchids of Nepal {{Cypripedioideae-stub ...

'' (E Nepal to NE Bangladesh) * ''

Paphiopedilum victoria-mariae ''Paphiopedilum victoria-mariae'' is a species of orchid endemism, endemic to western Sumatra (Bukittinggi). Paphiopedilum, victoria-mariae Plants described in 1896 {{Cypripedioideae-stub ...

'' (W Sumatra) * '' Paphiopedilum victoria-regina'' (including ''P. chamberlainianum'') * ''

Paphiopedilum × vietenryanum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. ...

'' (''P. gratrixianum × P. henryanum'') (China: Yunnan) * ''

Paphiopedilum vietnamense ''Paphiopedilum vietnamense'' is a species of orchid found from Thái Nguyên Province Cài () is a Chinese-language surname that derives from the name of the ancient Cai state. In 2019 it was the 38th most common surname in China, but the ...

'' Gruss & Perner (Vietnam) * ''

Paphiopedilum villosum ''Paphiopedilum villosum'' is a species of orchid found Assam, southern China and the Myanmar states of Kachin, Kayar, Shan and the Upper Sagaing region. The population is declining across its range and the species is listed as vulnerable ...

'' (Assam to S China) ** ''Paphiopedilum villosum'' var. ''annamense'' (Yunnan and Guangxi to Indochina) ** ''Paphiopedilum villosum'' var. ''boxallii'' (Myanmar) ** ''Paphiopedilum villosum'' var. ''villosum'' (Assam to Thailand) (including ''P. densissimum'') * ''

Paphiopedilum violascens ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. ...

'' (N & E New Guinea, Manus Island) * '' Paphiopedilum wardii'' Summerh. – Rainbow orchid (SW Yunnan to Myanmar) (including f. ''alboviride'') ** ''Paphiopedilum wardii'' var. ''teestaensis'' (China: SW Yunnan) * ''

Paphiopedilum × wenshanense ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily ''Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family (biology), family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natur ...

'' (''P. bellatulum × P. concolor'', including ''P. × conco-bellatulum'') * '' Paphiopedilum wentworthianum'' (Solomon Islands) * ''

Paphiopedilum wilhelminae ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. ...

'' (C New Guinea)

Conservation

All ''Paphiopedilum'' species are listed under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), meaning that commercial international trade in wild-sourced specimens is prohibited, while non-commercial trade is regulated.

References

* (1998): ''The Genus ''Paphiopedilum'': Natural History and Cultivation'' (Vol. 1). Botanical Publishers Inc., Kissimmee, Florida, USA. * (1991): ''Orchids: Care and Cultivation''. Cassel Publishers Ltd., London, UK. * (1999): ''Genera Orchidacearum'' (Vol.1). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. * (1993): ''Orchid Growing Basics''. Sterling Publishing Co. Inc., New York City, New York, USA. * (1996): ''Taylor's Guide to Orchids''. Houghton-Mifflin, New York City, New York, USA.

External links

* *
Paphiopedilum Orchids

Paphiopedilum Photo Gallery from "SlipperOrchids.info"
{{Taxonbar, from=Q131523 Orchid genera

Description

In horticulture

Taxonomy and systematics

Subdivisions

Selected species

Conservation

See also

References

External links