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Paolo Veneziano, also Veneziano Paolo or Paolo da Venezia (active by 1333, died after 1358) was a 14th-century painter from
in: Federico Zeri, with the assistance of Elizabeth E. Gardner, ''Italian paintings : a catalogue of the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art : Venetian school'', p. 47-48 He has been called 'the most important
He led the development in Venice of the elaborately-framed
File:Paolo Veneziano (Italian (Venetian), active 1333 - 1358) - The Annunciation - Google Art Project.jpg, ''The Annunciation''
File:Paolo e giovannino veneziano, polittico da s.m. del mercato a s. severino, 01.jpg, San Severino Polyptych, with Giovannino Veneziano
File:Paolo Veneziano - Polyptych - WGA17007.jpg, Coronation of the Virgin Polyptych,
online
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Veneziano, Paolo 14th-century Italian painters Italian male painters Painters from Venice Year of birth uncertain 14th-century deaths
Paolo Veneziano, also Veneziano Paolo or Paolo da Venezia (active by 1333, died after 1358) was a 14th-century painter from Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...
, the "founder of the Venetian School" of painting, probably active between about 1321 and 1362.Paolo Venezianoin: Federico Zeri, with the assistance of Elizabeth E. Gardner, ''Italian paintings : a catalogue of the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art : Venetian school'', p. 47-48 He has been called 'the most important
Venetian painter
Venetian painting was a major force in Italian Renaissance painting and beyond. Beginning with the work of Giovanni Bellini (c. 1430–1516) and his brother Gentile Bellini (c. 1429–1507) and their workshops, the major artists of the Venetian ...
of the 14th century'. His many signed and dated works, some in collaboration with his sons, range between 1333 and 1358. He was regarded as the official painter of the Venetian Republic.
He led the development in Venice of the elaborately-framed polyptych
A polyptych ( ; Greek: ''poly-'' "many" and ''ptychē'' "fold") is a painting (usually panel painting) which is divided into sections, or panels. Specifically, a "diptych" is a two-part work of art; a " triptych" is a three-part work; a tetrapt ...
or "composite altarpiece" form, which became popular all over Italy during the 13th century, partly in response to liturgical changes (only reversed in the 20th century) which placed the priest celebrating mass on the same side of the altar
An altar is a table or platform for the presentation of religious offerings, for sacrifices, or for other ritualistic purposes. Altars are found at shrines, temples, churches, and other places of worship. They are used particularly in paga ...
as the congregation, so with his back to them for much of the time. This encouraged the creation of altarpieces behind and above the altar, as a visual devotional focus. He is the oldest Venetian painter whose name is known, and the earliest to paint the new subject of the Coronation of the Virgin
The Coronation of the Virgin or Coronation of Mary is a subject in Christian art, especially popular in Italy in the 13th to 15th centuries, but continuing in popularity until the 18th century and beyond. Christ, sometimes accompanied by God th ...
.
His style is "still Byzantine", that is to say Italo-Byzantine
Italo-Byzantine is a style term in art history, mostly used for medieval paintings produced in Italy under heavy influence from Byzantine art. It initially covers religious paintings copying or imitating the standard Byzantine icon types, but pa ...
, but increasingly influenced by the Gothic art
Gothic art was a style of medieval art that developed in Northern France out of Romanesque art in the 12th century AD, led by the concurrent development of Gothic architecture. It spread to all of Western Europe, and much of Northern, Southern and ...
developing north of the Alps, and personal elements. However, influence from Giotto is "almost entirely absent".
Life
He was born to a family of artists. He operated a large workshop in which he worked together with his sons Marco, Luca, and Giovanni. He was the official painter ofAndrea Dandolo
Andrea Dandolo (13067 September 1354) was elected the 54th doge of Venice in 1343, replacing Bartolomeo Gradenigo who died in late 1342.
Early life
Trained in historiography and law, Andrea Dandolo studied at the University of Padua, where ...
, for whom he and his sons Luca and Giovanni painted the ''Pala Feriale'' or “weekday altarpiece”, for the famous metalwork and enamel Pala d'Oro Pala may refer to:
Places
Chad
* Pala, Chad, the capital of the region of Mayo-Kebbi Ouest
Estonia
* Pala, Kose Parish, village in Kose Parish, Harju County
* Pala, Kuusalu Parish, village in Kuusalu Parish, Harju County
* Pala, Järva County, ...
of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice, which was only opened on Sundays and feast days. Unfortunately most of the many scenes of these painted covers, probably his most prestigious commission, are now lost.
Paolo was in the past identified with the artist responsible for the works attributed to the Master of the Washington Coronation. There is no longer unanimity among art historians regarding this identification.Hans M. Schmidt, et al. "Masters, anonymous, and monogrammists." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 23 Mar. 2016
Style
Paolo's style was indebted to Byzantine influences but also betrays a knowledge of contemporary painting in Rimini. His more advanced works show the influence of Gothic art. Through his art he was the founder of the Venetian school which would exert its influence throughout the 14th century and in particular onLorenzo Veneziano
Lorenzo Veneziano ('Lorenzo the Venetian') (active 1356–1372) was an important painter in Venice during the second half of the 14th century.John Richards. "Lorenzo Veneziano." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 1 ...
, apparently not a relation, but possibly a pupil.
Gallerie dell'Accademia
The Gallerie dell'Accademia is a museum gallery of pre-19th-century art in Venice, northern Italy. It is housed in the Scuola della Carità on the south bank of the Grand Canal, within the sestiere of Dorsoduro. It was originally the gallery o ...
File:Paolo Veneziano 005.jpg, Coronation of the Virgin, National Gallery of Art
The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of char ...
File:Paolo Veneziano - A Scene from the Life of St Mark - WGA16999.jpg, ''A Scene from the Life of St Mark'', from the ''pala feriale'', 1345
File:Frari (Venice) - Chapter Room - Monument to Doge Francesco Dandolo - Doge Francesco Dandolo and his Wife Presented to the Madonna by Paolo Veneziano.jpg, Chapter Room, San Marco, Monument to Doge Francesco Dandolo
Monument to Doge Francesco Dandolo
Francesco Dandolo (died 1339) was the 52nd Doge of Venice. He ruled from 1329 to 1339. During his reign Venice began its policy of extending its territory on the Italian mainland.
Family
The Dandolo fam ...
, ''Doge Francesco Dandolo and his Wife Presented to the Madonna''
Notes
References
* Steer, John, ''Venetian painting: A concise history'', 1970, London: Thames and Hudson (World of Art), *"Venice: Mundus Alter" in "Virgin and Child", ''Italian Renaissance Learning Resources'', Oxford Art Online In collaboration with the National Gallery of Artonline
External links
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Veneziano, Paolo 14th-century Italian painters Italian male painters Painters from Venice Year of birth uncertain 14th-century deaths