Pantler (, , russian: сто́льник, ) was a court office in
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
,
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
, and
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, responsible for serving the royal table, then an honorary court title and a district office.
Stolnik in Crown of Poland
In the
Crown of Poland under the first
Piast dukes and kings, this was a court office.
From the 14th century, it was an honorary court title in the
Kingdom of Poland, since the 16th century.
* Grand
Pantler
A pantry is a room or cupboard where beverages, food, and sometimes dishes, household cleaning products, linens or provisions are stored within a home or office. Food and beverage pantries serve in an ancillary capacity to the kitchen.
Etymol ...
of the Crown ()
* Pantler of the Crown ()
* Court Pantler of the Crown ()
According to the 1768 district office hierarchy, the Pantler's position in the Crown of Poland was superior to that of
Deputy cup-bearer
Deputy cup-bearer () was since the 13th century a court office in Poland and later in Lithuania. Deputy cup-bearer was the deputy of the cup-bearer, with the time more important than his superior.
Since the 14th–16th century an honorable court ...
and inferior to that of district judge.
Stalininkas in Lithuania
In Lithuania, the pantler's position emerged in the late 15th century, comparatively later than
Maršalka,
Treasurer
A treasurer is the person responsible for running the treasury of an organization. The significant core functions of a corporate treasurer include cash and liquidity management, risk management, and corporate finance.
Government
The treasury o ...
, and
Cup-bearer, with the first Grand Pantler of Lithuania, , being known from 1475.
Initially, the pantler's took care of the Grand Duke's food warehouses, distribution of food, his manor's parks, gardens, ponds, and villages assigned to the estates.
However, in the late 16th century, the position becoming purely ceremonial and the individual was charged with serving the Grand Duke at the table only during feasts.
It was the sons of
Lithuanian nobility that began their service in the ruler's court who were assigned the role of the pantler.
Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the pantlers came from various families such as
Alšėniškiai,
Kęsgaila, ,
Hlebavičiai,
Chodkevičiai
The House of Chodkiewicz ( be, Хадкевіч; lt, Chodkevičius) was one of the most influential noble families of Lithuanian- Ruthenian descent within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th and 17th century.Chester S. L. Dunning, ...
,
Radvila,
Sapiega and others.
Stanisław August Poniatowski
Stanisław II August (born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798), known also by his regnal Latin name Stanislaus II Augustus, was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1764 to 1795, and the last monarch ...
was the Pantler of Lithuania from 1755 to 1764, while the last one from 1764 to 1795 was
Józef Klemens Czartoryski
Prince Józef Klemens Czartoryski (1740–1810) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic) who owned Korets Castle. He was a Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded in 1767.
He became the Grand Stalininkas of Lithuania in 1764, Klucznik (Stewa ...
.
There were two types of pantlers in Lithuania:
* Grand Pantler of Lithuania ()
* Pantler of Lithuania ()
According to the 1768 district office hierarchy of the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria. The state was founded by Li ...
, the Pantler was superior to ''
podstoli'' and inferior to ''
wojski''.
Stolnik in Russia
''Stolniks'' were known as palace servants of the Russian rulers since the 13th century. In the 16th and 17th centuries they were young nobles who brought dishes to the
tsar
Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East Slavs, East and South Slavs, South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''Caesar (title), caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" i ...
's table, looked after his bedroom, and accompanied him in travels. The highest category comprised the ''room'' or ''closer stolniks''.
''Stolniks'' could simultaneously serve in the
foreign office
Foreign may refer to:
Government
* Foreign policy, how a country interacts with other countries
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in many countries
** Foreign Office, a department of the UK government
** Foreign office and foreign minister
* Unit ...
or in the
army
An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on ...
. They were ranked fifth in the hierarchy of Russian bureaucracy, after ''
boyar
A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism, feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Kievan Rus', Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria, Russian nobility, Russia, Boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia, Wallachia and ...
s'', ''
okolnichys'',
duma
A duma (russian: дума) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions.
The term ''boyar duma'' is used to refer to advisory councils in Russia from the 10th to 17th centuries. Starting in the 18th century, city dumas were for ...
noble
A noble is a member of the nobility.
Noble may also refer to:
Places Antarctica
* Noble Glacier, King George Island
* Noble Nunatak, Marie Byrd Land
* Noble Peak, Wiencke Island
* Noble Rocks, Graham Land
Australia
* Noble Island, Great B ...
s, and
duma
A duma (russian: дума) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions.
The term ''boyar duma'' is used to refer to advisory councils in Russia from the 10th to 17th centuries. Starting in the 18th century, city dumas were for ...
''
dyaks''.
''Stolniks'' were also attached to episcopal administrations as were other similar offices also found in the grand princely or tsarist administration. For example, ''stolniks'' are found in documents from the archiepiscopal records in
Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod ( rus, links=no, Великий Новгород, t=Great Newtown, p=vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət), also known as just Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the ol ...
.
[B. D. (Boris Dmitrevich) Grekov, ''Novgorodskii Dom sviatoi Sofii; opyt izucheniia organizatsii i vnutrennikh otnoshenii krupnoi tserkovnoi votchiny, chast” I'' (St. Petersburg: M. Aleksandrova, 1914. Reprinted in Izbrannye trudy, vol. 4: 7-436).]
See also
*
Offices in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
*
Stavilac Stavilac ( sr-cyr, ставилац, literally meaning "placer") was a court title in Medieval Bosnia and Medieval Serbia in the Middle Ages. It was similar to the Byzantine court offices of ''domestikos'' and cup-bearer (''pinkernes'', known in Ser ...
References
Court titles
Polish titles
Lithuanian titles
Russian nobility
Court titles in the Middle Ages
Food services occupations
Ceremonial occupations
Slavic titles
{{Russia-hist-stub