''Pangio'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of small Asian

freshwater fish Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine conditions in many ways, especially the difference in levels of s ...

in the true loach

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Cobitidae Cobitidae, also known as the True loaches, is a family of Old World freshwater fish. They occur throughout Eurasia and in Morocco, and inhabit riverine ecosystems. Today, most "loaches" are placed in other families (see below). The family includ ...

. In earlier

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The "

kuhli loach The kuhli loach (''Pangio kuhlii'') is a small eel-like freshwater fish belonging to the Loach (fish), loach Family (biology), family (Cobitidae). They originate from Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula. This snake-like creature is very slender an ...

" is well-known in the

aquarium An aquarium (plural: ''aquariums'' or ''aquaria'') is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed. Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aq ...

trade and commonly identified as ''P. kuhlii'', but most individuals actually appear to be ''P. semicincta''. The

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

is ''Cobitis cinnamomea'' McClelland 1839, now known as ''

Pangio pangia ''Pangio pangia'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Pangio ''Pangio'' is a genus of small Asian freshwater fish in the true loach family Cobitidae. In earlier taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The " kuhli lo ...

''. These fish are best represented in

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...

where all but five of the species live, including the

Greater Sunda Islands The Greater Sunda Islands (Indonesian and Malay: ''Kepulauan Sunda Besar'') are four tropical islands situated within Indonesian Archipelago, in the Pacific Ocean. The islands, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi and Sumatra, are internationally recognised fo ...

with sixteen species. The five species found outside Southeast Asia are from

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

and

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

. They inhabit a wide range of mostly calm waters such as streams, swamps (often

peat swamp Peat swamp forests are tropical moist forests where waterlogged soil prevents dead leaves and wood from fully decomposing. Over time, this creates a thick layer of acidic peat. Large areas of these forests are being logged at high rates. Peat ...

s) and backwaters, but there are also species in fast-flowing waters, and one, ''P. bhujia'', lives underground.

Species

There are currently 33 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Pangio agma ''Pangio agma'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Pangio''. It is endemic to Borneo where it is found in northern Sarawak and Brunei Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: , ), is a c ...

'' ( M. E. Burridge, 1992) * ''

Pangio alcoides ''Pangio alcoides'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Pangio ''Pangio'' is a genus of small Asian freshwater fish in the true loach family Cobitidae. In earlier taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The " kuhli ...

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

& K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * ''

Pangio alternans ''Pangio alternans'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Pangio ''Pangio'' is a genus of small Asian freshwater fish in the true loach family Cobitidae. In earlier taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The " kuhli ...

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

& K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * ''

Pangio ammophila ''Pangio'' is a genus of small Asian freshwater fish in the true loach family Cobitidae. In earlier taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The "kuhli loach" is well-known in the aquarium trade and commonly identified as ''P. ...

Britz Britz () is a German locality (''Ortsteil'') within the Berlin borough (''Bezirk'') of Neukölln. History The village of ''Britzig'' was first mentioned in 1273. It was incorporated by the 1920 Greater Berlin Act. It is known for being the sit ...

Anvar Ali Anwar Ali (born 1 July 1966), also known Anvar Ali, is an Indian poet and lyricist writing in Malayalam. He is also a literary editor and critic, translator, screen-writer, and documentary filmmaker. Career Literature Ali’s first collectio ...

& Raghavan, 2012Britz, R., Ali, A. & Raghavan, R. (2012): ''Pangio ammophila,'' a new species of eel-loach from Karnataka, southern India (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 45-50.'' * ''

Pangio anguillaris ''Pangio anguillaris'' is a species of loach found in still and slow-moving freshwater in Indochina (Mekong and Chao Phraya basins), Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. This is a slender fish (the specific name means "eel-like") measuring up t ...

'' ( Vaillant, 1902) * ''

Pangio apoda ''Pangio apoda'' is a species of Cypriniformes fish in the genus ''Pangio ''Pangio'' is a genus of small Asian freshwater fish in the true loach family Cobitidae. In earlier taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The " kuhli ...

Maclaine MacLaine or Maclaine (; Gaelic: ''Mac Gill-Eain'') is a surname of Scottish origin. It may refer to: ;Persons * Angus Gillean Mathew Maclaine, Younger of Lochbuie, Tannist to Lorne, 26th of Lochbuie * Christopher Maclaine (1923–1975), America ...

, 2007 * '' Pangio atactos'' H. H. Tan &

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

, 2009 *'' Pangio bhujia'' Anoop et al., 2019 *'' Pangio pathala'' Sundar, Remya L; Arjun, C.P.; Sidharthan, Arya; Dahanukar, Neelesh; Raghavan, Rajeev * '' Pangio bitaimac'' H. H. Tan &

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

, 2009 * '' Pangio cuneovirgata'' (Raut, 1957) * '' Pangio doriae'' (

Perugia Perugia (, , ; lat, Perusia) is the capital city of Umbria in central Italy, crossed by the River Tiber, and of the province of Perugia. The city is located about north of Rome and southeast of Florence. It covers a high hilltop and part o ...

, 1892) * '' Pangio elongata''

, 2007 * '' Pangio filinaris''

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

& K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio fusca'' ( Blyth, 1860) * '' Pangio goaensis'' (

Tilak In Dharmic culture, the ''tilaka'' ( sa, तिलक) () is a mark worn usually on the forehead, at the point of the Ajna chakra, or sometimes another part of the body such as the neck, hand, chest or arm. ''Tilaka'' may be worn daily or for ...

, 1972) (Indian coolie-loach) * '' Pangio incognito''

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

& K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * ''

Pangio kuhlii The kuhli loach (''Pangio kuhlii'') is a small eel-like freshwater fish belonging to the Loach (fish), loach Family (biology), family (Cobitidae). They originate from Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula. This snake-like creature is very slender an ...

'' (

Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...

, 1846) (Kuhli loach, coolie loach) * '' Pangio lidi'' Hadiaty &

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

, 2009 * ''

Pangio longimanus ''Pangio'' is a genus of small Asian freshwater fish in the true loach family Cobitidae. In earlier taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The "kuhli loach" is well-known in the aquarium trade and commonly identified as ''P. ku ...

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

, 2010 * '' Pangio lumbriciformis''

, 2007 * '' Pangio malayana'' ( Tweedie, 1956) * '' Pangio mariarum'' (

Inger Inger may refer to: People * Inger (given name), a list of people * Inger, the main character of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale ''The Girl Who Trod on a Loaf'' * Robert F. Inger (1920–2019), American herpetologist * Stella Inger, America ...

& P. K. Chin, 1962) * ''

Pangio muraeniformis ''Pangio'' is a genus of small Asian freshwater fish in the true loach Family (biology), family Cobitidae. In earlier Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The "kuhli loach" is well-known in the aquarium trad ...

'' ( de Beaufort, 1933) * '' Pangio myersi'' (

Harry Harry may refer to: TV shows * ''Harry'' (American TV series), a 1987 American comedy series starring Alan Arkin * ''Harry'' (British TV series), a 1993 BBC drama that ran for two seasons * ''Harry'' (talk show), a 2016 American daytime talk show ...

, 1949) * ''

Pangio oblonga The Java loach (''Pangio oblonga'') is a species of tropical freshwater fish, an unbanded kuhli loach, native to the sandy streams of Southeast Asia. Its alternative common names include the black kuhli (loach), chocolate kuhli and cinnamon loach ...

'' (

, 1846) (Java loach) * ''

'' ( F. Hamilton, 1822) * '' Pangio piperata''

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

& K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio pulla''

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

& K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio robiginosa'' (Raut, 1957) * '' Pangio semicincta'' ( Fraser-Brunner, 1940) * '' Pangio shelfordii'' ( Popta, 1903) (Borneo loach) * ''

Pangio signicauda ''Pangio signicauda'' is a species of Cypriniformes fish in the genus ''Pangio''. Footnotes

* Pangio Fish described in 2007 {{Cobitidae-stub ...

, 2007 * '' Pangio superba'' ( T. R. Roberts, 1989)

References

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q774073 Cobitidae Taxa named by Edward Blyth