Panbabylonism (also known as Panbabylonianism) was the school of thought that considered the cultures and religions of the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...

and civilization in general to be ultimately derived from Babylonian myths which in turn they viewed as being based on

Babylonian astronomy Babylonian astronomy was the study or recording of celestial objects during the early history of Mesopotamia. Babylonian astronomy seemed to have focused on a select group of stars and constellations known as Ziqpu stars. These constellations m ...

, often in hidden ways.

Overview

A related school of thought is the Bible-Babel school, which regarded the

Hebrew Bible The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;"Tanach"
''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''. Hebrew: ''Tān ...

and

Judaism Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the ...

to be directly derived from Mesopotamian (Babylonian) mythology; both are forms of

hyperdiffusionism in archaeology Hyperdiffusionism is a pseudoarchaeological hypothesis suggesting that certain historical technologies or ideas originated with a single people or civilization before their adoption by other cultures. Thus, all great civilizations that share simil ...

. Both theories were popular in Germany, and Panbabylonism remained popular from the late 19th century to

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. Prominent advocates included Friedrich Delitzsch, Peter Jensen,

Alfred Jeremias Alfred Karl Gabriel Jeremias (24 February 1864 in Chemnitz, Kingdom of Saxony – 11 January 1935) was a German pastor, Assyriology, Assyriologist and an expert on the religions of the ancient Near East. Life In 1891 he published the first Ger ...

and

Hugo Winckler Hugo Winckler (4 July 1863 – 19 April 1913) was a German archaeologist and historian who uncovered the capital of the Hittite Empire (Hattusa) at Boğazkale, Turkey. A student of the languages of the ancient Middle East, he wrote extens ...

. Panbabylonist thought largely disappeared from legitimate scholarship after the death of one of its greatest proponents, Hugo Winckler. The claims of the school were largely discredited by astronomical and chronological arguments of

Franz Xaver Kugler Franz Xaver Kugler (27 November 1862 – 25 January 1929) was a German chemist, mathematician, Assyriologist, and Jesuit priest.. Kugler was born in Königsbach, Palatinate, then part of the Kingdom of Bavaria. He earned a Ph.D. in chemist ...

Jesuit , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders ...

priest).Jong, Teije de. ''Babylonian Astronomy 1880-1950: The Players and the Field''. In Alexander Jones,

Christine Proust Christine Proust (born 1953) is a French historian of mathematics and Assyriologist known for her research on Babylonian mathematics. She is a senior researcher at the SPHERE joint team of CNRS and Paris Diderot University, where she and Agathe Ke ...

, John M. Steele. (2016). ''A Mathematician's Journeys: Otto Neugebauer and Modern Transformations of Ancient Science''. Springer. pp. 285-286. Bm-epic-g

References

{{Reflist

External links

Panbabylonism
New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2003.

by Gary D. Thompson. Assyriology Babylonia Biblical criticism Comparative mythology Judaism and other religions Mesopotamian mythology Fringe theories Obsolete scientific theories Hyperdiffusionism

Overview

See also

References

Further reading

External links