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Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company Limited, often referred to simply as "Palmers", was a British
shipbuilding company A shipyard, also called a dockyard or boatyard, is a place where ships are built and repaired. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Dockyards are sometimes more associated with maintenance ...
. The Company was based in
Jarrow Jarrow ( or ) is a town in South Tyneside in the county of Tyne and Wear, England. It is east of Newcastle upon Tyne. It is situated on the south bank of the River Tyne, about from the east coast. It is home to the southern portal of the Tyne ...
, County Durham, in north-eastern England, and also had operations in Hebburn and Willington Quay on the
River Tyne The River Tyne is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is . It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden Rock near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Wate ...
.


History


Early history and growth

The company was established in 1852 by Charles Mark Palmer as Palmer Brothers & Co. in
Jarrow Jarrow ( or ) is a town in South Tyneside in the county of Tyne and Wear, England. It is east of Newcastle upon Tyne. It is situated on the south bank of the River Tyne, about from the east coast. It is home to the southern portal of the Tyne ...
. Later that year it launched the ''
John Bowes John Bowes may refer to: *John George Bowes (c. 1812–1864), Canadian politician *John Bowes (art collector) (1811–1885), English art collector and thoroughbred racehorse owner **John Bowes (steamship), ''John Bowes'' (steamship), 1852 steam coll ...
'', the first iron screw collier. By 1900 the business was known as Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company. At that time, besides building ships, it manufactured and processed its own steel and other metals, and its products included
Reed water tube boiler The Reed water tube boiler was a type of water tube boiler developed by J. W. Reed, manager of the engine works at Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company of Jarrow, England, where it was manufactured from 1893 to 1905. At this time, Palmers ...
s and marine steam engines. By 1902 Palmers' base at Jarrow occupied about 100 
acre The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imp ...
s (41  hectares) and included 0.75 miles (1.2 kilometres) of the southern bank of the
River Tyne The River Tyne is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is . It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden Rock near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Wate ...
, and employed about 10,000 men and boys. In 1910 Sir Charles Palmer's interest in the business was acquired by Lord Furness who, as
Chairman The chairperson, also chairman, chairwoman or chair, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the grou ...
, expanded the business by acquiring a lease over a new graving dock at Hebburn from Robert Stephenson and Company. In 1919 Palmers laid down the , which was sunk by a German U-boat in 1941, causing the loss of 84 lives and of silver.


Depression and collapse

The
Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...
, which began in 1929, all but destroyed the shipbuilding industry, which would not rebound until the Second World War. In 1931, Palmers posted a loss of £88,867 (). The company received a moratorium from its creditors in order to extend repayment. In January 1933, the majority of the company's unsecured creditors met in London and agreed to extend the moratorium a further six months. However, Palmers' was unable to survive and collapsed by the end of the year. The company's blast furnaces and steel works—which covered 37 acres—were put up for auction. The Jarrow yard was sold to
National Shipbuilders Securities National Shipbuilders Security was a UK Government body established in 1930, under the Chairmanship of Sir James Lithgow, of the eponymous Clyde shipbuilding giant Lithgows. The remit of National Shipbuilders Security was to remove over-capacity f ...
, which closed it down in order to sell it, causing much unemployment and leading to the Jarrow March. After the shipyard closed, following support from the industrialist, Sir John Jarvis, the site was used the engine shop as a steel foundry for another 18 months. The company retained the yard at Hebburn and was subsequently acquired by Armstrong Whitworth, becoming Palmers Hebburn Company. In 1973, Vickers-Armstrongs, successor to Armstrong Whitworth, sold the Palmers Dock at Hebburn to Swan Hunter and developed it as the Hebburn Shipbuilding Dock. This facility was acquired in turn from the receivers of Swan Hunter by Tyne Tees Dockyard in 1994, which sold it to
Cammell Laird Cammell Laird is a British shipbuilding company. It was formed from the merger of Laird Brothers of Birkenhead and Johnson Cammell & Co of Sheffield at the turn of the twentieth century. The company also built railway rolling stock until 1929, ...
in 1995. When the latter entered receivership in 2001, the dock was acquired by A&P Group. The yard remains in use as a ship repair and refurbishment facility.


Ships built by Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company

Ships built by Palmers included:


Naval


Battlecruiser The battlecruiser (also written as battle cruiser or battle-cruiser) was a type of capital ship of the first half of the 20th century. These were similar in displacement, armament and cost to battleships, but differed in form and balance of attr ...
s

* Royal Navy (1912)


Battleship A battleship is a large armored warship with a main battery consisting of large caliber guns. It dominated naval warfare in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The term ''battleship'' came into use in the late 1880s to describe a type of ...
s

* Royal Navy (1861) * Royal Navy (1910) * Royal Navy (1906) * Royal Navy (1892) * Royal Navy (1915) * Royal Navy (1892) * Royal Navy (1901) * Royal Navy (1870) * Royal Navy (1856) * Royal Navy (1870)


Cruiser A cruiser is a type of warship. Modern cruisers are generally the largest ships in a fleet after aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships, and can usually perform several roles. The term "cruiser", which has been in use for several hu ...
s

* Royal Navy (1885) * Royal Navy (1918) * Royal Navy (1886) * Royal Navy (1897) * Royal Navy (1890) * Royal Navy (1897) * Royal Canadian Navy (1891) * Royal Navy (1891) * Royal Navy (1885) * Royal Navy (1886) * Royal Navy (1928)


Destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, manoeuvrable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against powerful short range attackers. They were originally developed in ...
s

* Royal Navy (1896) * Royal Navy (1896) * Royal Navy (1903) * Royal Navy (1896) * Royal Navy (1903) * Royal Navy (1932) * Royal Navy (1932) * Royal Navy (1903) * Royal Navy (1903) * Royal Navy (1903) * Royal Navy (1897) * Royal Navy (1897) * Royal Navy (1897) * Royal Navy (1895) * Royal Navy (1900) * Royal Navy (1895) * Royal Canadian Navy (1932) * Royal Navy (1900) * Royal Navy (1899) * Royal Navy (1895) * Royal Navy (1904) * Royal Navy (1899) * Royal Navy (1896) * Royal Navy (1905) * Royal Navy (1900) * Royal Navy (1904) * Royal Navy (1905) * Royal Navy (1896) * Royal Navy (1918)


Monitors Monitor or monitor may refer to: Places * Monitor, Alberta * Monitor, Indiana, town in the United States * Monitor, Kentucky * Monitor, Oregon, unincorporated community in the United States * Monitor, Washington * Monitor, Logan County, West Vir ...

*
Victorian Navy Before Federation in 1901 five of the six separate colonies maintained their own naval forces for defence. The colonial navies were supported by the ships of the Royal Navy's Australian Station which was established in 1859. The separate colonie ...
(1868) * Royal Navy (1915) * Royal Navy (1871) * Royal Navy (1915) * Royal Navy (1915)


River gunboats

* Royal Navy (1877) * Royal Navy (1877) * Royal Navy (1877) * Royal Navy (1876) * Royal Navy (1876) *
Austro-Hungarian Navy The Austro-Hungarian Navy or Imperial and Royal War Navy (german: kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine, in short ''k.u.k. Kriegsmarine'', hu, Császári és Királyi Haditengerészet) was the naval force of Austria-Hungary. Ships of the A ...
(1889) * Royal Navy (1876) * Royal Navy (1877) * Royal Navy (1876) * Royal Navy (1876) * Royal Navy (1876) * Royal Navy (1877) * Royal Navy (1877)


Merchant and leisure


Cable ships

*
Atlantic Telegraph Company The Atlantic Telegraph Company was a company formed on 6 November 1856 to undertake and exploit a commercial telegraph cable across the Atlantic ocean, the first such telecommunications link. History Cyrus Field, American businessman and finan ...
(1923)


Cargo ship A cargo ship or freighter is a merchant ship that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year, handling the bulk of international trade. Cargo ships are usu ...
s

*''Anne Thomas'' Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1882) *''Anthony Radcliffe'' Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1893) *
Alfred Holt and Company Alfred Holt and Company, trading as Blue Funnel Line, was a UK shipping company that was founded in 1866 and operated merchant ships for 122 years. It was one of the UK's larger shipowning and operating companies, and as such had a significan ...
(1922) *''Clarrisa Radcliffe'' Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1889) *''Douglas Hill'' Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1890) * British-India Steam Navigation Company (1919) *''Gwenllian Thomas'' Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1882) *''Iolo Morganwg'' Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1882) *''
John Bowes John Bowes may refer to: *John George Bowes (c. 1812–1864), Canadian politician *John Bowes (art collector) (1811–1885), English art collector and thoroughbred racehorse owner **John Bowes (steamship), ''John Bowes'' (steamship), 1852 steam coll ...
'' Charles Palmer (1852) *''Kate Thomas'' Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1884) *''Lady Palmer'' Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1889) *''Mary Thomas'' Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1889) * China Mutual Steam Navigation Company (1922) *''Slavic Prince'' (Prince Line Ltd, Newcastle) (1918)


Oil tankers

*''British Ardour'' British Tanker Company (1928) *''British Aviator'' British Tanker Company (1924) *''British Captain'' British Tanker Company (1923) *''British Chemist'' British Tanker Company (1925) * British Tanker Company (1929) * British Tanker Company (1922) *''British Freedom'' British Tanker Company (1928) *''British General'' British Tanker Company (1922) *''British Honour'' British Tanker Company (1928) *''British Industry'' British Tanker Company (1927) *''British Inventor'' British Tanker Company (1926) *''British Justice'' British Tanker Company (1928) *''British Light'' British Tanker Company (1917) *''British Loyalty'' British Tanker Company (1928) *''British Mariner'' British Tanker Company (1922) *''British Officer'' British Tanker Company (1922) * British Tanker Company (1922) *''British Science'' British Tanker Company (1931) * British Tanker Company (1922) *'' British Splendour'' British Tanker Company (1931) *''British Strength'' British Tanker Company (1931) *''British Yeoman'' British Tanker Company (1923)


Passenger ship A passenger ship is a merchant ship whose primary function is to carry passengers on the sea. The category does not include cargo vessels which have accommodations for limited numbers of passengers, such as the ubiquitous twelve-passenger freig ...
s

* (1860) * (1896)


Steam yachts

* ''Xantha'' Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey (1867)


Tug A tugboat or tug is a marine vessel that manoeuvres other vessels by pushing or pulling them, with direct contact or a tow line. These boats typically tug ships in circumstances where they cannot or should not move under their own power, suc ...
s

* PT ''Northumberland'' G. Wascoe, Shields, 1852 Yard number 1


Cargo vessels

*
S.S. Socotra SS ''Socotra'' was a British general purpose cargo ship built for P&O and launched in 1896. The vessel served in commercial cargo service to and from Far East and Australia. It was beached off Le Touquet, France in 1915 with cargo from Austral ...
, 1897


See also

* List of shipbuilders and shipyards


References


Footnotes


Notes


Bibliography

* * * * * * * *


External links

*{{UK National Archives ID Defunct shipbuilding companies of England Marine engine manufacturers Jarrow Engine manufacturers of the United Kingdom