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The palm kernel is the edible seed of the oil palm fruit. The fruit yields two distinct oils:
Palm kernel cake is most commonly produced by economical screw press, less frequently via more expensive solvent extraction.
Palm kernel cake is a high-fibre, medium-grade protein feed best suited to
The palm kernel is the edible seed of the oil palm fruit. The fruit yields two distinct oils: palm oil
Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palms. The oil is used in food manufacturing, in beauty products, and as biofuel. Palm oil accounted for about 33% of global oils produced fr ...
derived from the outer parts of the fruit, and palm kernel oil
Palm kernel oil is an edible plant oil derived from the kernel of the oil palm tree '' Elaeis guineensis''. It is related to other two edible oils: ''palm oil'', extracted from the fruit pulp of the oil palm, and '' coconut oil'', extracted fro ...
derived from the kernel.
The pulp left after oil is rendered from the kernel is formed into "palm kernel cake", used either as high-protein feed for dairy cattle or burned in boilers to generate electricity for palm oil mills and surrounding villages.
Uses
Palm kernel cake is most commonly produced by economical screw press, less frequently via more expensive solvent extraction.
Palm kernel cake is a high-fibre, medium-grade protein feed best suited to ruminant
Ruminants ( suborder Ruminantia) are hoofed herbivorous grazing or browsing mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through microbial actions. Th ...
s. Among other similar fodder
Fodder (), also called provender (), is any agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, such as cattle, rabbits, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. "Fodder" refers particularly to food given to the animals (including ...
s, palm kernel cake is ranked a little higher than copra
Copra (from ) is the dried, white flesh of the coconut from which coconut oil is extracted. Traditionally, the coconuts are sun-dried, especially for export, before the oil, also known as copra oil, is pressed out. The oil extracted from copr ...
cake and cocoa pod husk, but lower than fish meal
Fish meal is a commercial product made from whole wild-caught fish, bycatch and fish by-products to feed farm animals, e.g., pigs, poultry, and farmed fish.R. D. Miles and F. A. Chapman.FA122: The Benefits of Fish Meal in Aquaculture DietsFisher ...
and groundnut cake, especially in its protein value.
Composed of 16% fiber, palm kernel cake also has a high phosphorus-to-calcium ratio and contains such essential elements as magnesium, iron, and zinc. The typical ration formulated for the feeding of dairy cattle consists of palm kernel cake (50%), molasses (5%), grass/hay (42%), limestone (1.5%), mineral premix (1%), and salt (0.5%), with trace element/vitamin premix.
Palm kernel shells (PKS), a byproduct of palm kernel oil
Palm kernel oil is an edible plant oil derived from the kernel of the oil palm tree '' Elaeis guineensis''. It is related to other two edible oils: ''palm oil'', extracted from the fruit pulp of the oil palm, and '' coconut oil'', extracted fro ...
production, can be used for biofuel (for example, in the form of pellets).
See also
*Palm kernel oil
Palm kernel oil is an edible plant oil derived from the kernel of the oil palm tree '' Elaeis guineensis''. It is related to other two edible oils: ''palm oil'', extracted from the fruit pulp of the oil palm, and '' coconut oil'', extracted fro ...
*Tropical agriculture
Worldwide more human beings gain their livelihood from agriculture than any other endeavor; the majority are self-employed subsistence farmers living in the tropics. While growing food for local consumption is the core of tropical agriculture, ...
* Environmental issues with agriculture
*Social and environmental impact of palm oil
Palm oil, produced from the oil palm, is a basic source of income for many farmers in South East Asia, Central and West Africa, and Central America. It is locally used as cooking oil, exported for use in much commercial food and personal care prod ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Palm Kernel Oil palm Palm oil