Pale-browed Treehunter

The pale-browed treehunter (''Cichlocolaptes leucophrus'') is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Brazil.

Taxonomy and systematics

The pale-browed treehunter's taxonomy is unsettled. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, the International Ornithological Committee, and the Clements taxonomy treat it as a species with two subspecies, the nominate ''C. l. leucophrus'' (Jardine & Selby, 1830) and ''C. l. holti'' (Pinto, 1941). BirdLife International's ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' (HBW) treats the two taxa as separate species, the large and small pale-browed treehunters respectively.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved May 31, 2023Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022

The pale-browed treehunter shares genus ''Cichlocolaptes'' with the cryptic treehunter (''C. mazarbarnetti''), which is believed to be extinct.

This article follows the one-species two-subspecies model.

Description

The nominate subspecies of the pale-browed treehunter is about long; subspecies ''C. l. holti'' is about long. Both subspecies have a long dagger-like bill, and male and female plumages are alike. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a buffish white supercilium, blackish and dull buff lores, and a dark brown band behind the eye on an otherwise duff buff face. Their crown is dark brown whose feathers have obvious buff to rusty-buff shafts. They have an indistinct blackish brown collar with buff streaks. Their back is rufescent brown with long blurry buff streaks and their rump and uppertail coverts are a slightly paler brown with indistinct buff streaks. Their tail is pale rufous or cinnamon. Their wing coverts are brown with indistinct buff streaks and their flight feathers rich brown. Their throat is pale yellowish buff, their breast has strong pale buff and brown streaks, and their belly, flanks, and undertail coverts are like the breast with the streaks progressively fading. Their iris is very dark, their maxilla dusky gray, their mandible a paler brown with gray towards the tip, and their legs and feet variable from greenish gray to pale brownish. Juveniles are much like adults but with less distinct streaking on their underparts. Compared to the nominate subspecies, ''C. l. holti'' is smaller, has a wider and paler supercilium, blacker feathers in the crown, slightly more olive upperparts, a darker rufous tail, and a plain buff throat.del Hoyo, J., J. V. Remsen, Jr., G. M. Kirwan, and N. Collar (2020). Pale-browed Treehunter (''Cichlocolaptes leucophrus''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.pabtre1.01 retrieved August 26, 2023

Distribution and habitat

The pale-browed treehunter is found in southeastern Brazil. The nominate subspecies occurs from southern Bahia south to Rio de Janeiro state. ''C. l. holti'' occurs from São Paulo state south to northeastern Rio Grande do Sul. The species inhabits humid lowland and montane evergreen forest. The nominate subspecies occurs from sea level to while ''C. l. holti'' reaches only about .

Behavior

Movement

The pale-browed treehunter is a year-round resident throughout its range.

Feeding

The pale-browed treehunter feeds on arthropods. It often, and perhaps usually, forages as a member of a mixed-species feeding flock. It feeds at any level of the forest between its understory and the subcanopy. It forages along larger limbs and branches, probing and gleaning for prey, with a strong preference for seeking it in bromeliads and other epiphytes. It sometimes goes completely into clumps of bromeliads and may hang upside-down to feed.

Breeding

Nothing is known about the pale-browed treehunter's breeding biology.

Vocalization

The songs of the two subspecies of pale-browed treehunter differ slightly in pitch. In general they are "loud, ringing 'reep' notes, variable in number, sometimes interspersed with fast chattering notes". Their call is "a loud 'krip, shrip' ".

Status

The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy and so has separately assessed the "large" and "small" pale-browed treehunters. The assessements are the same: Both taxa are of Least Concern. They have large ranges and unknown population sizes that are believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats to either have been identified. Both subspecies are considered rare to locally common and each is found in several protected areas. The Atlantic Forest has undergone extensive clearing, leaving little suitable habitat for them.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q616230

Cichlocolaptes
Birds of the Atlantic Forest
Endemic birds of Brazil
Birds described in 1830
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by Sir William Jardine
Taxa named by Prideaux John Selby