The German

steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomot ...

s of Palatine Class P 3.I were operated by the

Palatinate Railway The Palatine Railways (german: Pfälzische Eisenbahnen), often abbreviated to Palatinate Railway (''Pfalzbahn'') was the name of the railway division and administration responsible for all private railway companies in the Bavarian Palatinate fro ...

and were the first engines in

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

with a 4-4-2 (''Atlantic'') wheel arrangement. The two-

cylinder A cylinder (from ) has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base. A cylinder may also be defined as an infin ...

saturated steam locomotives with inside cylinders had in addition to an inside bar frame a characteristic outer frame for the rear part of the locomotive, that partly covered the driving wheels. The

valve gear The valve gear of a steam engine is the mechanism that operates the inlet and exhaust valves to admit steam into the cylinder and allow exhaust steam to escape, respectively, at the correct points in the cycle. It can also serve as a reversing g ...

was of the Joy type. In 1898 and 1899 Krauss initially built eleven locomotives; in 1904 a twelfth followed that was equipped with a ''Pielock''

superheater A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into superheated steam or dry steam. Superheated steam is used in steam turbines for electricity generation, steam engines, and in processes such as steam reforming. There ar ...

. Although the P 3s met their intended performance criteria, they were soon overtaxed by increasingly long trains. The Palatinate Railway decided therefore on an unusual conversion: in 1913 the two-cylinder engine was converted into a four-cylinder compound engine by the addition of two outside cylinders, the inner ones becoming the high-pressure cylinders. However they did not achieve the higher performance required, just a lower fuel consumption of around 15%. The Deutsche Reichsbahn took over five of these locomotives as DRG Class 14.1 with numbers 14 101 to 14 105, but by 1926 they were retired from service. Also grouped into Class 14.1 were the

Bavarian S 2/5 The Class S 2/5 express locomotives of the Royal Bavarian State Railways (''Königlich Bayerische Staats-Eisenbahnen'') were the first steam engines in Germany to be built with full-length bar frames (''durchgehendem Barrenrahmen''). The prototy ...

s. The locomotives were equipped with tenders of the Bavarian Class 3 T 16.

References

Literature

* Mühl, Albert (1982). ''Die Pfalzbahn: Geschichte, Betrieb und Fahrzeuge der pfälzischen Eisenbahnen.'' Theiss. 252 pp. * 4-4-2 locomotives P 3.I Railway locomotives introduced in 1898 Krauss locomotives Standard gauge locomotives of Germany 2′B1′ n2 locomotives 2′B1′ n4v locomotives Passenger locomotives {{steam-loco-stub

See also

References

Literature