Pakubuwono X (also transliterated Pakubuwana X, sometimes abbreviated PBX;
Surakarta,
November 29
Events Pre-1600
* 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom.
* 618 – The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over t ...
,
1866 – Surakarta,
February 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Ferd ...
,
1939) was the tenth
Susuhunan
Susuhunan, or in short version Sunan, is a title used by the monarchs of Mataram and then by the hereditary rulers of Surakarta, Indonesia.
Additionally in Bali and Yogyakarta, so-called " Kings of kings" reigned with this title, while their k ...
(ruler of
Surakarta).
Birth
His birth name ( jv, asma timur) was Raden Mas Sayyidin Malikul Kusna,
son
A son is a male offspring; a boy or a man in relation to his parents. The female counterpart is a daughter. From a biological perspective, a son constitutes a first degree relative.
Social issues
In pre-industrial societies and some current c ...
of
Pakubuwono IX
Pakubuwono IX (also transliterated Pakubuwana IX) was the ninth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta
Surakarta ( jv, ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ), known colloquially as Solo ( jv, ꦱꦭ; ), is a city in Central Java, Indonesia. The 44 km2 (16.2 sq mi) ...
and his
wife
A wife (plural, : wives) is a female in a marital relationship. A woman who has separated from her partner continues to be a wife until the marriage is legally Dissolution (law), dissolved with a divorce judgement. On the death of her partner, ...
Kanjeng Raden Ayu Kustiyah.
Politics
His reign corresponded with the political changes happening in the
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which ...
at the time, in particular the growth of local indigenous political organizations such as
Budi Utomo
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and
Sarekat Islam
Sarekat Islam or Syarikat Islam ( 'Islamic Association' or 'Islamic Union'; SI) was an Indonesian socio-political organization founded at the beginning of the 20th Century during the Dutch colonial era. Initially, SI served as a cooperative of ...
of which he and the royal family were patrons.
Family
Pakubuwono X was known to have many concubines, but his main
consort __NOTOC__
Consort may refer to:
Music
* "The Consort" (Rufus Wainwright song), from the 2000 album ''Poses''
* Consort of instruments, term for instrumental ensembles
* Consort song (musical), a characteristic English song form, late 16th–earl ...
was GKR Hemas, the daughter of Sultan
Hamengkubuwono VII
Hamengkubuwono VII (also spelled Hamengkubuwana VII, 4 February 1839 – 30 December 1921) was the seventh sultan of Yogyakarta, reigning from 22 December 1877 to 29 January 1921.
His residence after abdication of the crown in the early of 19th ...
of
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...
. He was also known major contributor to improvements at the Royal Graveyard of
Imogiri
Imogiri (ꦲꦶꦩꦒꦶꦫꦶ in Javanese script or ''Imagiri'' in standard Javanese spelling) is a royal graveyard complex in Yogyakarta, in south-central Java, Indonesia, as well as a subdistrict under the administration of Bantul Regency. Im ...
, where he himself is buried.
Motorcar
Even more than women Pakubuono X loved motorcars. In 1894 he purchased a Benz phaeton for 10,000 guilders, an amount of money a contract coolie could make in three centuries.
So he became the first motorist in the Dutch Colonial Empire, two years in advance of the first one in the Netherlands. In effect it made him a pioneer of the Indonesian automobile industry as the first car driver of the territories that make up the current Republic.
Death and funeral train
After PB X's death, his coffin was transported between Surakarta and Yogyakarta by a
NIS
Nis, Niš, NiS or NIS may refer to:
Places
* Niš, a city in Serbia
* Nis, Iran, a village
* Ness, Lewis ( gd, Nis, links=no), a village in the Outer Hebrides islands
Businesses and organizations
* Naftna Industrija Srbije, Petroleum Industry o ...
train. The remaining journey between Yogyakarta and Imogiri was by royal carriage. His coffin's trip to Imogiri was one of the most photographed royal funeral processions of rulers of his era.
See also
*
Pakubuwono
Susuhunan, or in short version Sunan, is a title used by the monarchs of Mataram and then by the hereditary rulers of Surakarta, Indonesia.
Additionally in Bali and Yogyakarta, so-called " Kings of kings" reigned with this title, while their k ...
Notes
Further reading
*
Miksic, John N. (general ed.), et al. (2006) ''Karaton Surakarta. A look into the court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, central Java'' (First published: 'By the will of His Serene Highness Paku Buwono XII'. Surakarta: Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayan Karaton Surakarta, 2004) Marshall Cavendish Editions Singapore
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pakubuwono 10
1866 births
1939 deaths
Burials at Imogiri
Susuhunan of Surakarta
Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II
Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog
National Heroes of Indonesia
Indonesian royalty