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Pag-asa (
Filipino Filipino may refer to: * Something from or related to the Philippines ** Filipino language, standardized variety of 'Tagalog', the national language and one of the official languages of the Philippines. ** Filipinos, people who are citizens of th ...
: ; January 15, 1992 – January 6, 2021) was a
Philippine eagle The Philippine eagle (''Pithecophaga jefferyi''), also known as the monkey-eating eagle or great Philippine eagle, is a critically endangered species of eagle of the family Accipitridae which is endemic to forests in the Philippines. It has br ...
and the first of his species to be bred and hatched in
captivity Captivity, or being held captive, is a state wherein humans or other animals are confined to a particular space and prevented from leaving or moving freely. An example in humans is imprisonment. Prisoners of war are usually held in captivity by a ...
.


Conception

Pag-asa was bred by a team of the Philippine Eagle Conservation Program Foundation (PECPF; now Philippine Eagle Foundation), led by executive director Dennis Salvador and camp manager Domingo Tadena. This was a result of 14 years of research. Pag-asa was bred through
artificial insemination Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse. It is a fertility treatme ...
and hatched through a combined artificial and natural incubation technique taught by the World Center For Birds of Prey. He was the first offspring of Philippine eagles Diola and Junior. Then 29-year-old Diola laid the egg, and Junior, found in Agusan, donated sperm. She sat the egg for twelve days before it was transferred to an incubator. According to the PECPF, the breeding technique improved the hatchability of the egg by as much as 30 percent.


Hatching

Pag-asa hatched at 10:40 pm PST on January 15, 1992, at the Philippine Eagle Center in Barangay Malagos at the Calinan district in
Davao City Davao City, officially the City of Davao ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Dabaw; ), is a first class highly urbanized city in the Davao Region, Philippines. The city has a total land area of , making it the largest city in the Philippines in terms of lan ...
. Hatched four days earlier than expected, he weighed . He had a hard time getting out of his egg, so a PECPF staff member cracked it. Pag-asa was named after the Tagalog term for "hope" by the PECPF team. Awareness of conservation efforts on the endangered Philippine eagles increased after the hatching of Pag-asa. Then-
Davao City Davao City, officially the City of Davao ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Dabaw; ), is a first class highly urbanized city in the Davao Region, Philippines. The city has a total land area of , making it the largest city in the Philippines in terms of lan ...
mayor
Rodrigo Duterte Rodrigo Roa Duterte (, ; born March 28, 1945), also known as Digong, Rody, and by the initials DU30 and PRRD, is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 16th president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. He is the chairperson ...
declared Pag-asa's hatch day as Philippine Eagle Day, or Pag-asa Day. Since then, the Philippine Eagle Center has established breeding and rearing protocols.


Adult life

Pag-asa was unsuitable for release and remained in captivity, due to dependence on humans, particularly his keeper, Eddie Juntilla, on whom he had imprinted. Pag-asa sired his first chick on February 9, 2013, through artificial insemination. It hatched at 1:55 am PST from an egg laid by 29-year-old Kalinawan. It weighed 158 grams at its hatching, and was the first offspring of an eagle bred in captivity. The chick was named Mabuhay and determined to be female. Pag-asa died on January 6, 2021, aged 28. He had infections associated with
trichomoniasis Trichomoniasis (trich) is an infectious disease caused by the parasite ''Trichomonas vaginalis''. About 70% of affected people do not have symptoms when infected. When symptoms occur, they typically begin 5 to 28 days after exposure. Symptoms ca ...
and
aspergillosis Aspergillosis is a fungal infection of usually the lungs, caused by the genus ''Aspergillus'', a common mould that is breathed in frequently from the air around, but does not usually affect most people. It generally occurs in people with lung dise ...
, which proved resistant to treatment.


See also

*
List of individual birds This is a list of well-known real birds. For famous fictional birds, see list of fictional birds. * Águia Vitória, a bald eagle who serves as the mascot for Portuguese football club S.L. Benfica * Albert Ross, an albatross believed to have been ...


References

{{reflist 1992 animal births 2021 animal deaths 1992 in the Philippines 2021 in the Philippines Individual eagles Individual animals in the Philippines