Pabianice is a city in central Poland with 63,023 inhabitants (2021). Situated in the Łódź Voivodeship, it is the capital of

Pabianice County __NOTOC__ Pabianice County ( pl, powiat pabianicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government refo ...

. It lies about southwest of Łódź and belongs to the

metropolitan area A metropolitan area or metro is a region that consists of a densely populated urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories sharing industries, commercial areas, transport network, infrastructures and housing. A metro area usually com ...

of that city. It is the third largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship by population. The area of the city covers being the 10th largest in Łódź Voivodeship. According to data from 2009 Pabianice covers with following split: agricultural land: 53%, forests: 9%. The city covers 6.70% of Pabianice County. Neighbour administrative divisions:

gmina Dobroń __NOTOC__ Gmina Dobroń is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Dobroń, which lies approximately west of Pabianice and south-west of the regional capital ...

gmina Ksawerów __NOTOC__ Gmina Ksawerów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Ksawerów, which lies approximately north of Pabianice and south of the regional capital ...

, miasto Łódź,

gmina Pabianice __NOTOC__ Gmina Pabianice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Pabianice, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. The gmina covers an a ...

, gmina Rzgów.

Transportation

Pabianice has seen major infrastructural changes over the past few years amidst increased investment and economic growth. The city has a much improved infrastructure with new roads. Pabianice now has a good circular road system. Pabianice bypass (express road S14) opened in May 2012. However, parts of S8 (part of the

European route E67 European route E 67 is an E-road running from Prague in the Czech Republic to Estonia and by ferry to Finland. It goes via Prague, Wrocław, Warsaw, Kaunas, Panevėžys, Riga, Tallinn, Helsinki. The route is known as the Via Baltica ...

) are currently under construction and to be completed within 2012. Near Pabianice there is an international airport: Łódź Władysław Reymont Airport (IATA: LCJ, ICAO: EPLL) located just from the city centre. Public transport in Pabianice includes buses, trams (streetcars), commuter railway

Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna (Łódź Metropolitan Railway) is a commuter rail service operating between the Polish city of Łódź and surrounding towns in the Łódź Voivodeship (province). The company was founded in 2010. It is fully owned by ...

and regional rail PKP

Przewozy Regionalne Polregio (formerly ''Przewozy Regionalne'') is a train operator in Poland, responsible for local and interregional passenger transportation. Each day it runs approximately 3,000 regional trains. In 2002 it carried 215 million passengers. T ...

. The regional rail and light rail is operated by Polish State Railways (PKP). There are also some suburban bus lines run by private operators. Bus service covers the entire city. Currently, the Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne (City Transport Company) company runs line number 41 which connects Pabianice with Łódź City.

History

Pabianice was established in the 10th or 11th century, and was part of early Piast-ruled Poland. In 1297, Władysław I Łokietek granted town rights. Pabianice was a private church town, administratively located in the

Sieradz Voivodeship Sieradz Voivodeship () was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by Łódź Voivodeship. A Voivodeship is an area administered by a voivode (Governor), and the Sieradz Voivodeshi ...

in the Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown. In 1555, Polish King Sigismund II Augustus issued a

privilege Privilege may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Privilege'' (film), a 1967 film directed by Peter Watkins * ''Privilege'' (Ivor Cutler album), 1983 * ''Privilege'' (Television Personalities album), 1990 * ''Privilege (Abridged)'', an alb ...

, which established craft guilds in Pabianice. Kosciol NMP

Before World War II, Pabianice had a substantial Jewish population, comprising about a quarter of all residents of the town. Jews had been living in the town since the 1700s. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was under German occupation. As part of the '' Intelligenzaktion'', in late 1939, the Germans carried out mass arrests of local Polish

intelligentsia The intelligentsia is a status class composed of the university-educated people of a society who engage in the complex mental labours by which they critique, shape, and lead in the politics, policies, and culture of their society; as such, the in ...

, who were initially imprisoned in a local transit camp and the nearby Radogoszcz concentration camp, and then either deported to other concentration camps or mostly murdered in nearby forests. Local Polish teachers and activists were murdered by the Germans during large massacres in the nearby Łagiewniki forest (within today's city limits of Łódź) in November and December 1939. The Germans also expelled around 1,000 Poles from the town in December 1939. Under German occupation nearly the entire Jewish population was murdered. Some were murdered in the town, several thousand were sent to the Chełmno extermination camp where they were immediately gassed, and others were expelled to Łódź and to

forced labour Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence including death, or other forms of ex ...

camps in the area. Only about 150 survived of the 9,000 Jews thought to be living in Pabianice at the start of the war. For more on the wartime experience see Megargee. The German occupation ended in 1945.

Demography

Recently, the population of Pabianice has been steadily decreasing. Between 2002 and 2016 it fell from 72,444 to 66,265 (a decrease of about 400 people every year). ImageSize = width:550 height:250 PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:40 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify Colors = id:gray1 value:gray(0.9) DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:0 till:75668 ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1 TextData = pos:(190,20) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:Historical population of Pabianice (in thousands) PlotData = bar:1939 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:53000 width:15 text:53,0 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:1946 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:37140 width:15 text:37,1 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:1950 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:48817 width:15 text:48,8 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:1955 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:51671 width:15 text:51,7 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:1960 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:56222 width:15 text:56,2 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:1965 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:59355 width:15 text:59,4 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:1970 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:62402 width:15 text:62,4 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:1975 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:66758 width:15 text:66,8 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:1980 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:70487 width:15 text:70,5 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:1985 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:72575 width:15 text:72,6 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:1990 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:75247 width:15 text:75,3 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:1995 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:75668 width:15 text:75,7 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2000 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:74270 width:15 text:74,3 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2005 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:70743 width:15 text:70,7 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2010 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:69303 width:15 text:69,6 textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2015 color:gray1 width:1 from:0 till:66895 width:15 text:66,9 textcolor:red fontsize:8px

Unemployment

According to source data from 2009 average income per capita was on the level of 1844,96 PLN. According to source data from October 2011 average unemployment rate in Pabianice is on the level of 15,6% ImageSize = width:550 height:250 PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:40 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify Colors = id:gray1 value:gray(0.9) DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:9 till:22 ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:2 start:9 gridcolor:gray1 TextData = pos:(190,20) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:Historical unemployment rate in Pabianice( percentage ) PlotData = bar:1999 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:13 width:25 text:12,99% textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2000 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:16 width:25 text:15,99% textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2001 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:18 width:25 text:18,14% textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2002 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:20 width:25 text:20,08% textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2003 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:20 width:25 text:20,85% textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2004 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:21 width:25 text:21,59% textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2005 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:19 width:25 text:19,52% textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2006 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:17 width:25 text:17,58% textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2007 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:13 width:25 text:13,27% textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2008 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:10 width:25 text:10,23% textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2009 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:12 width:25 text:12,12% textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2010 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:13 width:25 text:13,92% textcolor:red fontsize:8px bar:2011 color:gray1 width:1 from:9 till:15 width:25 text:15,84% textcolor:red fontsize:8px

Architecture

# Church of St. Matthew the Evangelist # Renaissance fortified manor house of Cracovian Chapter # Weaver houses (Domy tkaczy) # "Krusche-Ender" cotton factory buildings # Old offices "Krusche-Ender" with "prządki" sculpture # Old palace of Enders' family # Lutheran Church of St. Peter and St. Paul # Neo-Gothic Church of Saint Mary # Railway station # Renaissance Revival pentecostal chapel near Ludwik Waryński St. (ruins) #

Maria Konopnicka Special Education School Complex Maria Konopnicka Special Education School Complex in Pabianice, Poland is one of the oldest special education schools in Poland. Named after Maria Konopnicka, the school was established around 1922 by teachers who were at once at the forefront of s ...

# Pabianicki Harvard Heureka Private Schools # Christian cemeteries # Jewish cemetery # Synagogue (destroyed)

Quarters and administrative subdivisions

Centrum, Bugaj, Piaski, Stare Miasto, Karniszewice, Klimkowizna, Jutrzkowice, Wola Zaradzyńska Nowa, J. Salwy, Marii Konopnickiej, Jana Pawła II, Mikołaja Kopernika, Dąbrowa, Rypułtowice, Czyryczyn (formerly Sereczyn), Karolew, Zatorze.

Sport

Notable people

* Menachem Mendel Alter (1877–1942), Grand Rabbi of Pabianice, son of Rabbi Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter and brother of Rabbi Avraham Mordechai Alter, murdered in Treblinka August 12, 1942. * Paweł Janas (born 1953), football player and coach *

Mieczysław Klimek Mieczysław Klimek (1913 in Pabianice – 1995) was a Polish specialist in electrical and thermal devices in textile applications, a former rector of Lodz University of Technology (TUL). In 1939, he graduated from Warsaw University of Technol ...

(1913–1995), Polish professor, engineer, prisoner of Nazi concentration camps during World War II *

Marcin Komorowski Marcin Komorowski (; born 17 April 1984) is a Polish former footballer. Career In June 2014, Komorowski signed a new two-year contract with FC Terek Grozny. International He made his first appearance in the Poland national team in a friendly ...

(born 1984), football player *

Krystyna Mikołajewska Krystyna Mikołajewska (born 6 September 1939, Pabianice, Poland) is a Polish actress who appeared in several productions by the East German film company DEFA, and other notable movies. Career Mikołajewska trained at the State College of Ludwi ...

(born 1939), actress * (1877–1946), Polish painter *

Józef Pluskowski Józef Pluskowski (22 December 1896 – 28 November 1950) was a Polish poet, teacher, administrator and member of the Polish Resistance under the pseudonym "Mierzwa". He played an active role in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the Warsaw Uprising ...

(1896–1950), poet * Aleksandra Shelton (born 1982), sabre fencer *

Stanisław Staszewski Stanisław Staszewski (December 18, 1925 – January 22, 1973) was a Polish architect and poet. He was the father of Kazimierz Staszewski and the author of many songs and ballads, sung both by his son and by Jacek Kaczmarski. Biography Stani ...

(1925–1973), Polish architect and poet, Polish resistance participant during World War II, prisoner of the Mauthausen concentration camp *

Jadwiga Wajs Jadwiga Wajs-Marcinkiewicz (30 January 1912 in Pabianice, Russian Empire – 1 February 1990) was a Polish athlete who mainly competed in the discus throw. Career She competed for Poland at the 1932 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, United S ...

(1912–1990), discus thrower

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Pabianice is

twinned Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to: * In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so; * Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning * Twinning inst ...

with: * Rokiškis in

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

''(since 1998)'' * Plauen in Germany ''(since 2005)'' * Kerepes in Hungary ''(since 2009)'' Former twin towns: *

Gusev Gusev (masculine) or Guseva (feminine) may refer to: *Gusev (surname) (''Guseva''), Russian surname *Gusev (inhabited locality) (or ''Guseva''), several inhabited localities in Russia *Gusev crater (Russia), impact crater in Rostov Oblast, Russia *G ...

in Russia ''(since 2002 until 2022)'' In March 2022, Pabianice ended its partnership with the Russian city of Gusev as a response to the

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. An ...

References

{{Authority control Cities and towns in Łódź Voivodeship Pabianice County Piotrków Governorate Łódź Voivodeship (1919–1939)