PMA-2

The Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA) is a class of spacecraft adapters that convert the Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM) used on the US Orbital Segment to APAS-95 docking ports. There are three PMAs located on the International Space Station (ISS); the first two were launched with the ''Unity'' connecting module in 1998 aboard STS-88, and the third was launched in 2000 aboard STS-92. All three of the PMAs are now used to permanently connect parts of the ISS, so they are no longer available as docking ports for visiting spacecraft.

Design/History

Its origins lie in designs for the Pressurized Docking Mast, consisting of an off-axis frustoconical docking tunnel contained within a framework and a retractable coupling mechanism, later part of the Pressurized Berthing Adapter assembly that appeared in designs for Space Station Freedom 1987, and the reduced design referred to as 'Fred' 1991.

After 1992-93 and the Russian integration into the International Space Station Alpha project, this NASA docking design abruptly disappeared from all concepts. This was due to the availability of Russian docking hardware and experience, brought together during the Shuttle-Mir program. Russian APAS docking technology originally planned for the then defunct Soviet space shuttle program was integrated into the US Space Shuttle ODS (Orbital/Orbiter Docking System). This could hard dock with the space station through a structural interface, which became the PMA. With both the Russian docking ring and the CBM integrated into the PMA, this became the link between the USOS and the ROS from 1993.

Fabrication completed in 1995 with tests and mating tests with Node STA throughout 1996-97.

Uses

The three PMAs are identical, but they have slightly different uses. All three perform the same basic function of connecting a CBM port of an ISS module to an APAS-95 docking port of another module or visiting spacecraft. For this purpose, the PMAs carry a passive CBM port and a passive APAS port. The PMAs are pressurized and heated from the inside, and they allow for power and data communications transfer through docking rings and external connections.

PMA-1

This was one of the first components of the International Space Station. PMA-1 joins the Russian side of the station with the US side. On STS-88, the crew used the shuttle's robotic arm to attach the '' Zarya'' control module to PMA-1, which was already connected to the aft berthing port of ''Unity''. These first two station components are permanently connected by PMA-1.

PMA-2

PMA-2 is mounted on the forward port of the ''Harmony'' connecting node, and was used when Space Shuttle orbiters docked at the ISS. It was outfitted with Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System (SSPTS) hardware to allow the shuttles to stay docked longer to the space station.

PMA-2 was moved several times as part of the space station assembly process. It was originally connected to the forward hatch of ''Unity'', but when STS-98 delivered the ''Destiny'' module in February 2001, PMA-2 was moved to the berthing ring of the Z1 truss so that ''Destiny'' could be berthed to the forward hatch of ''Unity''. PMA-2 was finally moved to the forward hatch of ''Destiny''. (The removal of PMA-2 from ''Unity'' was the first time the CBM had been used to disconnect two ISS components.) After STS-120 had delivered ''Harmony'' to the space station in October 2007, Canadarm2 repositioned PMA-2 at the forward port of ''Harmony'' on November 12, 2007. Two days later, the combined package of ''Harmony'' and PMA-2 was moved to its final location, the forward hatch of ''Destiny''. On July 18, 2016, International Docking Adapter-2 was launched on SpaceX CRS-9. It was attached and permantly connected to the APAS-95 port of PMA-2 during a spacewalk on August 19, 2016. As of 2020, PMA-2 is expected to stay berthed at the forward port of ''Harmony'' with the IDA connected for the remaining duration of the ISS.

When a shuttle docked with the station, its "final approach asat a relative velocity of one-tenth of a foot per second. s it madecontact with Pressurized Mating Adapter 2 atchesautomatically attached the two spacecraft together. Once relative motion between the spacecraft stopped, Shuttle astronaut retractedthe docking ring on he Shuttle'smechanism, closing latches to firmly secure the shuttle to the station."

PMA-3

PMA-3 was brought to the ISS by STS-92 in October 2000, mounted on a Spacelab pallet. It was initially attached to the nadir (bottom, or Earth-facing) hatch of ''Unity''. About six weeks later, when STS-97 delivered the P6 solar array truss structure, ''Endeavour'' docked at PMA-3. When STS-98 moved PMA-2 from ''Unity'' to ''Destiny'' via the Z1 truss in February 2001, ''Atlantis'' was docked at PMA-3. For the remainder of the shuttle's operation, PMA-3 was not used for shuttle dockings. PMA-3 was moved in March 2001 to ''Unity''s port hatch by the crew of STS-102 to make room for the docking of a Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM).

On August 30, 2007, PMA-3 was returned to the nadir port of ''Unity'' to make room for the temporary docking of the new '' Harmony (Node 2)'' module that was delivered by STS-120. ''Harmony'' was transferred to the forward port of ''Destiny'', while PMA-3 was moved back to the port berthing mechanism of ''Unity'' on August 7, 2009, to accommodate reconfiguration of the ''Unity'' port bulkhead by crew members in a pressurized environment. On January 25, 2010, PMA-3 was moved from the port berthing mechanism of ''Unity'' to the zenith (space-facing) port of ''Harmony'' to make room for the new '' Tranquility (Node 3)'' module which was added to the station during STS-130. After activation of ''Tranquility'', PMA-3 was moved again on February 16, 2010, to the port location on ''Tranquility'' where the Cupola observatory module had been docked for launch.

PMA-3 was robotically removed from ''Tranquility'' on March 26, 2017, and attached to ''Harmony'' after being prepared during a successful spacewalk on March 24, 2017. A second spacewalk was conducted on March 30, 2017, to finalize the PMA-3 cable connections on ''Harmony''. PMA-3 received International Docking Adapter-3 in August 2019.

References

External links

YouTube animation
Canadarm2 and Dextre move the PMA-3 between locations, one of the five times it was moved so that modules could use a Common Berthing Mechanism port instead of PMA-3.

{{ISS modules

Components of the International Space Station