The PL-8 () is a Chinese
air-to-air missile
The newest and the oldest member of Rafael's Python family of AAM for comparisons, Python-5 (displayed lower-front) and Shafrir-1 (upper-back)
An air-to-air missile (AAM) is a missile fired from an aircraft for the purpose of destroying a ...
(AAM) originated from the Israeli
Python-3 AAM. Experience gained from PL-8/Python-3 had helped China greatly in developing its next missile, the
PL-9
The PL-9 () is a short-range, infrared-homing air-to-air missile (AAM) developed by the People's Republic of China.
History
The PL-9 program was initiated in 1986. The missile entered batch production in 1989. Two improved variants, PL-9B and P ...
.
Development and history
The performance of Israeli
Python-3 anti-air missile in the
Lebanon conflict was observed by the Chinese military,
People's Liberation Army Air Force
The People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF; ), also known as the Chinese Air Force (中国空军) or the People's Air Force (人民空军), is an aerial service branch of the People's Liberation Army, the regular armed forces of the Peo ...
(PLAAF) was reportedly impressed with this missile, and paid for licensed production as the PL-8 AAM in the 1980s, with the plan to producing the Python-3 with 100% local components approved by the PLAAF in 1982. The technology transfer accelerated Chinese missile development in the late
Cold War
The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
. The program was code-named "Number 8 Project" (八号工程) and formally started on September 15, 1983. The missile entered service in 1986.
The domestic manufacturer of the missile was Xi'an Eastern Machinery Factory (西安东方机械厂) located in
Xi'an
Xi'an ( , ; ; Chinese: ), frequently spelled as Xian and also known by #Name, other names, is the list of capitals in China, capital of Shaanxi, Shaanxi Province. A Sub-provincial division#Sub-provincial municipalities, sub-provincial city o ...
. From March 1988 to April 1989, technology transfer to China was complete while license assembly and license-built parts continued, and by the spring of 1989, the complete domestic Chinese-built missile received state certification.
In 1993, improved and domestically built PL-8A entered service. In 1994, PL-8A entered mass production. PL-8B, a PL-8 variant made of 100% domestic Chinese components, began development in 1984, the development was completed in 1989.
Design
The missile features wide off-boresight targeting sight with a dual-thrust solid rocket motor, giving it a speed of Mach 4. The missile can maneuver at over 38Gs with a guidance precision of less than 1 meter.
China has also developed a helmet-mounted sight (HMS) system for the PL-8, giving it "look and shoot" capability. It's possibly a license-produced
Elbit Systems
Elbit Systems Ltd. is an Israel-based international defense electronics company engaged in a wide range of programs throughout the world. The company, which includes Elbit Systems and its subsidiaries, operates in the areas of aerospace, land ...
DASH (
Display And Sight Helmet
A helmet-mounted display (HMD) is a device used in aircraft to project information to the pilot's eyes. Its scope is similar to that of head-up displays (HUD) on an aircrew's visor or reticle. An HMD provides the pilot with situation awareness, ...
) helmet-mounted sight or its domestic development. However, it's not clear if this was part of the Python-3 deal or a separate deal instead.
The seeker of the original Python-3 AAM was able to be slaved to either the airborne fire control radars or DASH HMS. These capabilities initially did not exist on PL-8 at the earlier stage of its service in Chinese hands, because the missile is only compatible with western radars, but not with Chinese radars. The only exception was that capability of being slaved to airborne fire control radars could be achieved by PL-8 only when it is used in conjunction with the few western radars in Chinese inventory, such as the British
GEC-Marconi Skyranger airborne radar and Italian FIAR Grifo series airborne radar on
Chengdu J-7
The Chengdu J-7 (Chinese: 歼-7; third generation export version F-7; NATO reporting name: Fishcan) is a People's Republic of China fighter aircraft. It is a license-built version of the Soviet Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21, and thus shares many si ...
, but for the most part, the seeker of PL-8 could only be fixed, pointing to the front when deployed on aircraft with domestic Chinese radars. These capabilities would not be fully achieved until the advent of
PL-9
The PL-9 () is a short-range, infrared-homing air-to-air missile (AAM) developed by the People's Republic of China.
History
The PL-9 program was initiated in 1986. The missile entered batch production in 1989. Two improved variants, PL-9B and P ...
, the next Chinese AAM, when the missile became compatible not only with western radars, but also with Chinese and Russian radars as well, and these capabilities of PL-9 were eventually re-incorporated into PL-8 AAMs in its upgrades so that PL-8 is fully capable as Python-3.
Versions
![Defense](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Defense.gov_News_Photo_010124-D-0000X-001.jpg)
Unlike the conventional Chinese designation practice where a missile is given a Chinese name after at least 70% of it is made in China, Python 3 received a Chinese name at the very beginning, receiving PL-8 when it was purchased. It was speculated that China did so because it did not want to further reveal its tie with Israel, so that the original Israeli name was replaced with a Chinese one to avoid harming the relationship between Chinese and Muslim countries.
As PL-8/Python 3 AAM has a wing span much larger than PL-2/PL-5 (which has dimensions similar to AIM-9 missiles), Chinese fighter jets were modified to carry extended pylon to carry PL-8 missiles. Wingtip pylon of newly released J-15 carrier-based fighter jet is also extended for this purpose, and become a visual signature of J-15 comparing Su-33.
*PL-8: Python 3 AAM provided by Israel
*PL-8A: License assembled AAM in China with Israeli supplied components, and later with all Chinese components.
*PL-8B: Imrproved PL-8A AAM with 100% domestic Chinese components.
*PL-8H: Surface-to-air version with slightly smaller warhead weighing 10 kg
The surface-to-air version is developed by
China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation
China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC, ) is a Chinese state-owned defense company with a core business in aviation products and technology. It is the exclusive representative of the Aviation Industry Corporation of Chin ...
(CATIC). According to the developers, there are minor improvements incorporated in each version, but they have not specified the exact upgrades.
User
*:
People's Liberation Army
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the principal military force of the People's Republic of China and the armed wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The PLA consists of five service branches: the Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, ...
**
People's Liberation Army Air Force
The People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF; ), also known as the Chinese Air Force (中国空军) or the People's Air Force (人民空军), is an aerial service branch of the People's Liberation Army, the regular armed forces of the Peo ...
**
People's Liberation Army Navy Air Force
The People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force (PLANAF; ) is the naval aviation branch of the People's Liberation Army Navy.
Overview
Historically, the PLANAF's main role has been to provide the navy's warships with air defense coverage. Part of ...
References
;Citations
;Bibliography
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External links
PL-8
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pl-8 Missile
Cold War weapons of China
Guided missiles of the People's Republic of China
Air-to-air missiles of the People's Republic of China
Weapons of the People's Republic of China
Surface-to-air missiles of the People's Republic of China
Military equipment introduced in the 1980s