The German Class 03.10 (''Baureihe 03.10'' or ''BR 03.10'') engines were standard

steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomot ...

s (''

Einheitsdampflokomotive The Einheitsdampflokomotiven ("standard steam locomotives"), sometimes shortened to ''Einheitslokomotiven'' or ''Einheitsloks'', were the standardized steam locomotives built in Germany after 1925 under the direction of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gese ...

n'') belonging to the Deutsche Reichsbahn and designed for hauling

express train An express train is a type of passenger train that makes a small number of stops between its origin and destination stations, usually major destinations, allowing faster service than Local train, local trains that stop at most or all of the s ...

History

The DRG's Class 03.10 engines were an evolutionary development from the Class 03 locomotives, comparable to those of Class 01.10 which had evolved from Class 01. The first 03.10 was built in 1939 and 140 units were to be manufactured. As a result of the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

and the switching of production to 'war essential' goods, only 60 vehicles were completed. Originally supplied with the 2'2 T38St standard tenders, the 03.10 could later be encountered coupled to 2'2'T34 tenders. The locomotives were mainly produced by the firms of Borsig,

Krupp The Krupp family (see pronunciation), a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, is notable for its production of steel, artillery, ammunition and other armaments. The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG (Friedrich Krup ...

and Krauss-Maffei, and were fully enclosed by streamlining plates. The vehicles were given the operating numbers 03 1001 – 1022, 03 1043–1060 and 03 1073 – 1092. After the war, 47 locomotives remained in

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

; 26 were taken over by the Deutsche Bundesbahn and 21 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in

East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...

. Ten other locomotives ended up with the Polish State Railways (

PKP PKP may stand for: Organizations * Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930, original Filipino communist party * Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas, underground Filipino Maoist party * Phi Kappa Phi, oldest all-discipline honor society in the United Stat ...

) as the Pm3. Two engines (03 1091 and 1092) had to be retired as early as 1944 due to war damage. The fate of 03 1002 is unknown. Because the top speed on main lines had to be reduced due to route damage, the streamlined shells became uneconomical, not least because they made maintenance more difficult, and they were removed from all the engines except the DR's 03 1087. Almost all the DR and DB locomotives were rebuilt. Only 03 1047, 1097 and 1086 (DR) had been retired before the reconstruction programme.

The East German DR ''Rekoloks''

The condition of the boilers became worse and worse due to the use of non-aging ''St47K'' steel (on 10 October 1958 the boiler of locomotive 03 1046 exploded as a result of aging). So the Deutsche Reichsbahn had to replace them with newly designed boilers. In addition, several other components were overhauled in order to make the engines more economical. Thus the term ''

Rekolok {{unreferenced, date=December 2014 The German term Rekonstruktionslokomotive (abbreviated to: Rekolokomotive or Rekolok) meant 'reconstruction locomotive' and was introduced in 1957 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the GDR. The term was used for clas ...

'' ('reconstructed locomotive') is entirely accurate. A total of 16 engines were rebuilt in 1959. In 1952, 03 1087 was converted to the ''Wendler'' brown coal dust firing system. Because this type of firing was unsuccessful for passenger train services, it was re-converted in 1959. From 1965 all the ''Rekoloks'' were converted to oil-firing (with the exception of 03 1057 and 1087). Until their retirement at the end of the 1970s the three-cylinder express train engines, which covered up to 22,000 km per month, were the spearhead of the DR's high-value express train services. Number 03 1010 is a museum locomotive with the DB AG, stationed in

Halle Halle may refer to: Places Germany * Halle (Saale), also called Halle an der Saale, a city in Saxony-Anhalt ** Halle (region), a former administrative region in Saxony-Anhalt ** Bezirk Halle, a former administrative division of East Germany ** Hall ...

and frequently used in heritage services. It was re-converted to coal-firing. The non-operational, oil-fired 03 1090 is also preserved and is housed in the former locomotive depot (''Bahnbetriebswerk'' or ''Bw'') at

Schwerin Schwerin (; Mecklenburgisch dialect, Mecklenburgian Low German: ''Swerin''; Latin: ''Suerina'', ''Suerinum'') is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Germany, second-largest city of the northeastern States of Germany, German ...

. Image:Baureihe 03 10 seite.jpg, 03 1010 from the side Image:Baureihe 03 10 Treibrad.jpg, Driving wheelset Image:Baureihe 03 10 Tender Innen.jpg, Interior of 03 1010's tender Image:Baureihe 03 10 Details Innen.jpg, Driver's cab on 03 1010

The DB Rebuilds

In 1949 and 1950, the 26 Class 03.10 locomotives remaining with the Deutsche Bundesbahn were refurbished by

Henschel Henschel & Son (german: Henschel und Sohn) was a German company, located in Kassel, best known during the 20th century as a maker of transportation equipment, including locomotives, trucks, buses and trolleybuses, and armoured fighting vehicle ...

Kassel Kassel (; in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel and the district of the same name and had 201,048 inhabitants in December 2020 ...

. The streamlined shells on all the locomotives were removed, mainly due to their poor condition. Externally, these engines can still be distinguished from the Class 03 by their still-recognisable

steam dome The steam dome is a vessel fitted to the top of the boiler of a steam engine. It contains the opening to the main steam pipe and its purpose is to allow this opening to be kept well above the water level in the boiler. This arrangement acts as a ...

, their cut-down smokebox door, the flat ''Erhebung'' of the

superheater A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into superheated steam or dry steam. Superheated steam is used in steam turbines for electricity generation, steam engines, and in processes such as steam reforming. There ar ...

regulator, the air reservoirs, the missing front skirt, and the shape of the driver's cab and tender. The locomotives were stationed in

Dortmund Dortmund (; Westphalian nds, Düörpm ; la, Tremonia) is the third-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne and Düsseldorf, and the eighth-largest city of Germany, with a population of 588,250 inhabitants as of 2021. It is the la ...

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and

Offenburg Offenburg ("open borough" - coat of arms showing open gates; Low Alemannic German, Low Alemmanic: ''Offäburg'') is a city located in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. With nearly 60,000 inhabitants (2019), it is the largest city and the ad ...

after their refurbishment. The three engines stabled at the locomotive depot or ''Bw'' Dortmund, numbers 03 1014, 03 1022 and 03 1043, were given a special steel blue livery in June 1950 for their boilers, cabs, and cylinder blocks. The smokebox and chimney remained painted black. In 1952, the feedwater preheater was moved back to the area of the chimney on most of the locomotives and a circular smokebox door fitted. At the general inspection in 1954, 03 1014, 03 1022 and 03 1043 lost their steel blue livery again. Because major signs of aging appeared on the boilers, the firm of

was given the task of replacing them with welded boilers which had a combustion chamber. In addition the locomotives were given newly designed tenders with covers and supply equipment. Both were installed in the repair shop (''Ausbesserungswerk'' or ''AW'') in Brunswick between 1957 and 1961. In autumn 1958, all 26 engines were rehomed to ''Bw''

Hagen Hagen () is the Largest cities in Germany, 41st-largest List of cities and towns in Germany, city in Germany. The municipality is located in the States of Germany, state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is located on the south eastern edge of the R ...

-Eckesey, after some had previously been based in

Hamburg-Altona Altona (), also called Hamburg-Altona, is the westernmost Boroughs and quarters of Hamburg#Boroughs, urban borough (''Bezirk'') of the Germany, German States of Germany, city state of Hamburg, on the right bank of the Elbe river. From 1640 to ...

and

Paderborn Paderborn (; Westphalian: ''Patterbuorn'', also ''Paterboärn'') is a city in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the Paderborn district. The name of the city derives from the river Pader and ''Born'', an old German term for t ...

. These were numbers 03 1001, 1004, 1008, 1009, 1011–1014, 1016, 1017, 1021, 1022, 1043, 1045, 1049–1051, 1054–1056, 1060, 1073, 1076, 1081, 1082 and 1084. Between November 1965 and September 1966, all Class 03.10 locomotives were withdrawn, retired and scrapped.

Surviving locomotives

The former no. 03 1010 is a museum locomotive retained as part of the DB fleet. It is homed in the former railway depot of Halle P (

DB Museum The Nuremberg Transport Museum (') is based in Nuremberg, Germany, and consists of the Deutsche Bahn's own DB Museum and the Museum of Communications ('). It also has two satellite museums at Koblenz-Lützel (the '' DB Museum Koblenz'') and Hall ...

, Halle (Saale)), maintained by the Railway Social Work Foundation (BSW) Group, ''Traditionsgemeinschaft Bw Halle P BSW'', and supported financially by the Society for the Preservation of ''Schnellzugdampflok 03 1010'' Following its main inspection in 2011 by the

Meiningen Steam Locomotive Works The Meiningen Steam Locomotive Works (german: Dampflokwerk Meiningen) is a railway repair shop in Meiningen, Germany. It is owned by Deutsche Bahn and has specialised in the maintenance of museum steam locomotives since 1990, having extensive expe ...

, they use it to haul railway specials throughout Germany.eisenbahn-magazin 1/2012, p. 19 The non-operational, oil-fired no. 03 1090 has also been preserved as a museum locomotive. It, too, is owned by DB. It is on loan to the Mecklenburg Railway and Technology Museum, located in the former shed at Schwerin Central Station. The streamlined 03 1015 is today owned by the

and is on display as a non-operational exhibit in the

Warsaw Railway Museum The Stacja Muzeum is located at the former Warsaw Główna PKP railway terminus and is very close to the Warszawa Ochota railway station. The museum's exhibits are divided into permanent and temporary collections — the latter being displaye ...

References

External links