The President's Intelligence Advisory Board (PIAB) is an advisory body to the
Executive Office of the President of the United States
The Executive Office of the President (EOP) comprises the offices and agencies that support the work of the president at the center of the executive branch of the United States federal government. The EOP consists of several offices and agenc ...
. According to its self-description, it "provides advice to the President concerning the quality and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, of counterintelligence, and of other intelligence activities."
[PIAB Official Website.](_blank)
The PIAB, through its Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB), also advises the President on the legality of foreign intelligence activities.
History
In January 1956 President
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...
created the agency, originally known as the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities (PBCFIA). The first board under chair
James Killian
James Rhyne Killian Jr. (July 24, 1904 – January 29, 1988) was the 10th president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from 1948 until 1959.
Early life
Killian was born on July 24, 1904, in Blacksburg, South Carolina. His father w ...
were:
*
Richard Conolly
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Old Frankish and is a compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'strong ...
*
Jimmy Doolittle
James Harold Doolittle (December 14, 1896 – September 27, 1993) was an American military general and aviation pioneer who received the Medal of Honor for his daring raid on Japan during World War II. He also made early coast-to-coast flights ...
*
Benjamin Fairless
Benjamin Franklin Fairless (May 3, 1890 — January 1, 1962) was an American steel company executive. He was president of a wide range of steel companies during a turbulent and formative period in the American steel industry. His roles included P ...
*
John Hull
*
Joseph P. Kennedy
Joseph Patrick Kennedy (September 6, 1888 – November 18, 1969) was an American businessman, investor, and politician. He is known for his own political prominence as well as that of his children and was the patriarch of the Irish-American Ken ...
*
Robert Lovett
*
Edward Ryerson
In May 1961, President
John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...
renamed it to the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB).
The board exists at the pleasure of the President, who can change its size and portfolio so in 1977 President
Jimmy Carter
James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he previously served as th ...
abolished the PFIAB, but President
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan ( ; February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician, actor, and union leader who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He also served as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 ...
re-established it later.
On February 29, 2008, President
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, Bush family, and son of the 41st president George H. W. Bush, he ...
renamed the agency to its present form.
Most of the board's work is secret, but one very public investigation involved the loss of U.S. nuclear secrets to China from the
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory (often shortened as Los Alamos and LANL) is one of the sixteen research and development laboratories of the United States Department of Energy (DOE), located a short distance northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, ...
during the 1990s.
[Bill Getrz, "Covert board called crucial to presidents", '']The Washington Times
''The Washington Times'' is an American conservative daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., that covers general interest topics with a particular emphasis on national politics. Its broadsheet daily edition is distributed throughout ...
'', June 16, 2008, Page A1
Intelligence Oversight Board
President
Gerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. ( ; born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th president of the United States from 1974 to 1977. He was the only president never to have been elected ...
created the IOB following a 1975–76 investigation by the
US Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washingto ...
into domestic spying, assassination operations, and other abuses by intelligence agencies. His executive order doing so went into effect on March 1, 1976.
[Charlie Savage]
"President weakens espionage oversight: Board created by Ford loses most of its power"
''Boston Globe
''The Boston Globe'' is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts. The newspaper has won a total of 27 Pulitzer Prizes, and has a total circulation of close to 300,000 print and digital subscribers. ''The Boston Glob ...
'', March 14, 2008 In 1993, the IOB became a committee of the PFIAB, unde
Executive Order #12863of President
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson Clinton ( né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He previously served as governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and agai ...
.
One of the IOB's functions is to examine violations of the laws and directives governing clandestine surveillance. The IOB received quarterly and annual reports from most US intelligence activities. Thirteen cases involving
FBI
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic Intelligence agency, intelligence and Security agency, security service of the United States and its principal Federal law enforcement in the United States, federal law enforcement age ...
actions between 2002 and 2004 were referred to the IOB for its review.
In an executive order issued on February 29, 2008, President
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, Bush family, and son of the 41st president George H. W. Bush, he ...
terminated the IOB's authority to oversee the general counsel and inspector general of each U.S. intelligence agency, and erased the requirement that each inspector general file a report with the IOB every three months. The order also removed the IOB's authority to refer a matter to the Justice Department for a criminal investigation, and directed the IOB to notify the president of a problem only if other officials are not already "adequately" addressing that problem.
[
In August 2013 it was reported that the membership of the IOB had been reduced from 14 to 4 under President ]Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama was the first African-American president of the U ...
, possibly starting in early May at the beginning of the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures
Thirteen or 13 may refer to:
* 13 (number), the natural number following 12 and preceding 14
* One of the years 13 BC, AD 13, 1913, 2013
Music
* 13AD (band), an Indian classic and hard rock band
Albums
* ''13'' (Black Sabbath album), 2013
* ...
by Edward Snowden
Edward Joseph Snowden (born June 21, 1983) is an American and naturalized Russian former computer intelligence consultant who leaked highly classified information from the National Security Agency (NSA) in 2013, when he was an employee and su ...
. The membership had not been increased as of July 2014.
Membership
During the administration of President George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, Bush family, and son of the 41st president George H. W. Bush, he ...
, the PIAB had 16 members selected from among distinguished citizens outside the government who were qualified "on the basis of achievement, experience, independence, and integrity." The members were not paid.
PIAB membership is generally considered public information; for example, the Clinton Administration posted the names of the members on a PFIAB web page,[David Corn]
"Who's On PFIAB?--A New Bush Secret"
''The Nation'' (blog), August 14, 2002, retrieved December 31, 2012 and the Trump Administration issued a press release announcing the nominations of new members.
PFIAB Membership under George W. Bush
In August 2002, Randy Deitering, the executive director of PFIAB, confirmed the membership list released by the White House press office in October 2001:
*Brent Scowcroft
Brent Scowcroft (; March 19, 1925August 6, 2020) was a United States Air Force officer who was a two-time United States National Security Advisor, first under U.S. President Gerald Ford and then under George H. W. Bush. He served as Military Assi ...
, the chair
*Pete Wilson
Peter Barton Wilson (born August 23, 1933) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 36th governor of California from 1991 to 1999. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as a United States senator from California bet ...
, former governor of California
California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
* Cresencio S. Arcos, Jr., AT&T
AT&T Inc. is an American multinational telecommunications holding company headquartered at Whitacre Tower in Downtown Dallas, Texas. It is the world's largest telecommunications company by revenue and the third largest provider of mobile tel ...
executive and former US ambassador
*Jim Barksdale
James Love Barksdale (born January 24, 1943) is an American executive who served as the president and CEO of Netscape from January 1995 until the company merged with AOL in March 1999.
Early life
James Barksdale was born in Jackson, Mississipp ...
, former head of the internet company Netscape
Netscape Communications Corporation (originally Mosaic Communications Corporation) was an American independent computer services company with headquarters in Mountain View, California and then Dulles, Virginia. Its Netscape web browser was onc ...
*Robert Addison Day
Robert Addison Day is an American business executive and philanthropist. He was the founder and former chairman and chief executive officer of Trust Company of the West until 2009. He is the chairman and president of the W. M. Keck Foundation.
Ear ...
, chairman of the TWC Group, a money management firm
* Stephen Friedman, past chairman of Goldman Sachs
Goldman Sachs () is an American multinational investment bank and financial services company. Founded in 1869, Goldman Sachs is headquartered at 200 West Street in Lower Manhattan, with regional headquarters in London, Warsaw, Bangalore, H ...
* Alfred Lerner, chief executive of MBNA
MBNA Corporation was a bank holding company and parent company of wholly owned subsidiary MBNA America Bank, N.A., headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware, prior to being acquired by Bank of America in 2006.
History
The former Maryland National ...
*Ray Lee Hunt
Ray Lee Hunt (born 1943) is an American billionaire heir and businessman.
Early life
Hunt is the son of the late H. L. Hunt (1889–1974), founder of Hunt Oil Co. His parents married in 1957. Hunt's sisters include June Hunt, Swanee Hunt, and ...
, scion of the Texas oil fortune
*Rita Hauser
Rita Eleanor Hauser (born July 12, 1934 in New York) is an international lawyer known for persuading Yasser Arafat and the Palestine Liberation Organization to renounce violence in 1988. She also served as United States Ambassador to the United ...
, lawyer
*David E. Jeremiah
David Elmer Jeremiah (February 25, 1934 – October 7, 2013) was a United States Navy admiral who served as the second vice chairman and also the acting chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. After his retirement from the Navy in February 19 ...
, retired admiral
*Arnold Kanter
Arnold Lee Kanter (February 27, 1945 – April 10, 2010) was an American businessman who served as acting United States Secretary of State following the resignation of the previous United States Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger at midnight ...
, national security official in the George H. W. Bush
George Herbert Walker BushSince around 2000, he has been usually called George H. W. Bush, Bush Senior, Bush 41 or Bush the Elder to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd president from 2001 to 2009; pr ...
administration and a founding member of the Scowcroft Group
*James C. Langdon, Jr.
James Calhoun Langdon Jr. (born September 20, 1945 in Los Angeles, California) is an American attorney and former government official. He served as a member (2001-2005) and briefly chair (February 2005-December 20, 2005) of the President's Foreig ...
, a power-lawyer in Texas
*Elisabeth Pate-Cornell
Marie-Elisabeth Lucienne Paté-Cornell, (born in 1948), is a Stanford University Professor in the Department of Management Science and Engineering and was the Founding Chair of the Department.
Pate-Cornell is an expert in engineering risk an ...
, chair of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...
* John Harrison Streicker, real estate magnate
*Philip Zelikow
Philip David Zelikow (; born September 21, 1954) is an American diplomat, academic and author. He has worked as the executive director of the 9/11 Commission, director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia, and Coun ...
, National Security Council staffer during the George H.W. Bush administration and later a counselor to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
Condoleezza Rice ( ; born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat and political scientist who is the current director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. A member of the Republican Party, she previously served as the 66th Uni ...
In 2003, there were indications of spying on members of the board by a foreign intelligence asset.
PIAB Membership under Barack Obama
The entire PIAB membership that served under the administration of George W. Bush resigned as part of an agreed-upon move in the presidential transition of Barack Obama.
President Obama appointed Chuck Hagel
Charles Timothy Hagel ( born October 4, 1946)[United States Senator
The United States Senate is the Upper house, upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States House of Representatives, House of Representatives being the Lower house, lower chamber. Together they compose the national Bica ...]
from Nebraska
Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwe ...
, and current University of Oklahoma
The University of Oklahoma (OU) is a Public university, public research university in Norman, Oklahoma. Founded in 1890, it had existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory for 17 years before the two Territories became the state of Oklahom ...
President David Boren
David Lyle Boren (born April 21, 1941) is a retired American lawyer and politician from the state of Oklahoma. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as 21st governor of Oklahoma from 1975 to 1979 and three terms in the United States Senate ...
as PIAB co-chairs.
The following other members were appointed to the board under President Obama:
*Roel Campos
Roel Clark Campos (born 1949) is an American business lawyer.
Early life and education
Campos earned his J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1979, his M.B.A. from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1972, and in 1971 earned his B.S. fr ...
*Richard Danzig
Richard Jeffrey Danzig (born September 8, 1944) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 71st Secretary of the Navy under President Bill Clinton. He served as an advisor of the President Barack Obama during his presidential campaign ...
appointed on December 1, 2010
*Lee H. Hamilton
Lee Herbert Hamilton (born April 20, 1931) is an American politician and lawyer from Indiana. He is a former member of the United States House of Representatives and a former member of the U.S. Homeland Security Advisory Council. A member of the ...
*Rita Hauser
Rita Eleanor Hauser (born July 12, 1934 in New York) is an international lawyer known for persuading Yasser Arafat and the Palestine Liberation Organization to renounce violence in 1988. She also served as United States Ambassador to the United ...
*Paul G. Kaminski
Paul Garrett Kaminski (born September 16, 1942) is a technologist and former U.S. government official, best known for his leading role in the development of stealth aircraft.
Early life
Kaminski was born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1942 and graduate ...
*Ellen Laipson
Ellen Laipson is a Distinguished Fellow and President Emeritus of The Stimson Center. She is a member of the council of the International Institute for Strategic Studies. She was previously Vice Chair of the National Intelligence Council (1997–20 ...
, president and CEO of the Henry L. Stimson Center
The Stimson Center, named after American statesman, lawyer, and politician Henry L. Stimson, is a nonprofit, nonpartisan think tank that aims to enhance international peace and security through analysis and outreach. The center's stated approach ...
* Les Lyles
*Daniel Meltzer
Daniel Julius Meltzer (December 17, 1951 – May 24, 2015) was an American lawyer and law professor who taught at Harvard Law School. He worked in the Obama Administration as Principal Deputy Counsel from January 2009 through June 1, 2010.
Educat ...
appointed on December 1, 2010
*Jami Miscik
Judith A. "Jami" Miscik (born 1958) is an American intelligence analyst who was also the Central Intelligence Agency's Deputy Director for Intelligence, the Agency's most senior analytic post. In 2005 she left CIA to become Global Head of Sovereig ...
appointed December 23, 2009
*Mona Sutphen
Mona K. Sutphen (born November 10, 1967) was the White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2011. She is currently a partner and Head of Investment Strategies at The Vistria Group, a Chicago-based private ...
appointed on September 6, 2011
*Philip Zelikow
Philip David Zelikow (; born September 21, 1954) is an American diplomat, academic and author. He has worked as the executive director of the 9/11 Commission, director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia, and Coun ...
appointed on September 6, 2011
*Tom Wheeler
Thomas Edgar Wheeler (born April 5, 1946) is an American businessman and former government official. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 31st Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission.
He was appointed by President Bara ...
appointed on April 27, 2011
In May 2013, the White House dismissed 10 members of the board. The four remaining members of the PIAB were:
*Richard Danzig
*Daniel Meltzer
*Jami Miscik
*Mona Sutphen
In August 2014, President Obama nominated six new members:
* James S. Crown
*Scott Davis
*Jamie Dos Santos
*Julius Genachowski
Julius Genachowski (born August 19, 1962) is an American lawyer and businessman. He became the Federal Communications Commission Chairman on June 29, 2009. On March 22, 2013, he announced he would be leaving the FCC in the coming weeks. On Januar ...
*Shirley Ann Jackson
Shirley Ann Jackson, (born August 5, 1946) is an American physicist, and was the 18th president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. She is the first African-American woman to have earned a doctorate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ...
*Neal Wolin
Neal Steven Wolin (born December 9, 1961) is the CEO of the corporate advisory firm Brunswick Group, an equity partner of Data Collective, a board partner of Social Capital, and a limited partner advisor of Nyca Partners. He is the longest-servin ...
PIAB Membership under Donald Trump
President Donald Trump
Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.
Trump graduated from the Wharton School of the University of Pe ...
nominated the following persons to the PIAB:
*Steve Feinberg
Stephen Andrew Feinberg (born March 29, 1960) is an American businessman and investor active in hedge fund management and private equity. He is the co-founder and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Cerberus Capital Management. As of March 2019, his ...
, chair
*Samantha Ravich, vice chair
*Safra Catz
Safra Ada Catz ( he, צפרא עדה כץ; born December 1, 1961) is an American billionaire banker and technology executive. She is the CEO of Oracle Corporation. She has been an executive at Oracle since April 1999, and a board member since 20 ...
*Saxby Chambliss
Clarence Saxby Chambliss (born November 10, 1943) is an American lawyer and retired politician who was a United States Senator from Georgia from 2003 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a U.S. Representative from ...
* Jim Donovan
*Kevin Hulbert
Kevin () is the anglicized form of the Irish masculine given name (; mga, Caoimhghín ; sga, Cóemgein ; Latinized as ). It is composed of "dear; noble"; Old Irish and ("birth"; Old Irish ).
The variant ''Kevan'' is anglicized from , an ...
*Jeremy Katz
*David Robertson
In February 2019, President Trump named three additional members:
*Charles E. Allen
Charles E. Allen (born 1936) is an American public servant, notable for his roles at the United States Department of Homeland Security's Office of Intelligence and Analysis and, before that, the Central Intelligence Agency.
Department of Homel ...
*Daniel Hoffman
*John K. Hurley
In May 2019, President Trump named Ray Washburne
Ray Willets Washburne is an American businessman, political fundraiser, and government official. He served as President and CEO of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation from 2017 to 2019 and as a member of the President's Intelligence Advis ...
as an additional member.
PIAB Membership under Joe Biden
President Joe Biden named the below persons to the PIAB.
* Sandy Winnefeld
Sandy Winnefeld (born James Alexander Winnefeld Jr.; April 24, 1956) is a retired United States Navy admiral who serves as the chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board since May 4, 2022. While on active duty, Winnefeld served as the ...
* Gilman Louie
Gilman Louie (born 1960) is an American technology venture capitalist who got his start as a video game designer and then co-founded and ran the CIA venture capital fund In-Q-Tel. With his company Nexa Corporation he designed and developed multipl ...
* Janet Napolitano
Janet Ann Napolitano (; born November 29, 1957) is an American politician, lawyer, and university administrator who served as the 21st governor of Arizona from 2003 to 2009 and third United States secretary of homeland security from 2009 to 20 ...
* Richard Verma
Richard Rahul Verma (born November 27, 1968) is an Indian-American lawyer, diplomat, and executive, who served as the U.S. Ambassador to India from 2014 to 2017. Verma previously served as the Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs ...
In June 2022, he named Evan Bayh
Birch Evans Bayh III ( ; born December 26, 1955) is an American lawyer, lobbyist, and Democratic Party politician who served as a United States senator from Indiana from 1999 to 2011 and the 46th governor of Indiana from 1989 to 1997.
Bayh w ...
to the PIAB.
In October 2022, he named Anne M. Finucane
Anne Finucane (born 1952) is an American banker who is vice chair of Bank of America and chair of the board of Bank of America Europe. She leads the bank's socially responsible investing, global public policy, and environmental, social and corpor ...
to the PIAB.
PIAB Chairs
PIAB chairpersons have been:PFIAB Chairpersons
The White House website, retrieved March 14, 2008
IOB Chairs
These are chairs of the Advisory Board's committee of Intelligence Oversight Board
Board executive directors
*1956–1959: John Cassidy
*1959–1961, 1961–1970: Patrick Coyne
*1970–1973: Gerard Burke
*1973–1977: Wheaton Byers
*1977: Lionel Olmer
*1977–1981: ''Board abolished''
*1981–1983: Norman Wood
*1983–1984: Fred Demech
*1984–1988:
Gary Schmitt
Gary James Schmitt (born 1952) is an American political scientist who is a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute.
Early life and education
Schmitt graduated from the University of Dallas in 1974 with a B.A. in Politics and the Univ ...
*1988–1989: Fred Demech
*1989–1991: Nina Stewart
*1991–1992: ''Vacant''
*1992–1995: Eugene Yeates
*1995–2003: Randy Deitering
*2003–2005: Joan Dempsey
*2005–2017: Stefanie Osburn
Board members
*
David Abshire: 1981–1983
*
Stephen Ailes
Stephen Ailes (May 25, 1912 – June 30, 2001) was a prominent member of the District of Columbia Bar and a partner in the firm of Steptoe & Johnson. He served as the United States Under Secretary of the Army from February 9, 1961, to January 28, ...
: 1976–1977 (IOB)
*
Lew Allen
Lew Allen Jr. (September 30, 1925 – January 4, 2010) was a United States Air Force four-star general who served as the tenth Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force. As chief of staff, Allen served as the senior uniformed Air Force officer ...
: 1990–1999 (IOB)
*
Brooke Anderson
Brooke Victoria Anderson (born May 13, 1978) is a former co-host of '' The Insider'', and is now a correspondent for '' Entertainment Tonight''. Previously, she was a culture and entertainment anchor and producer for CNN and served as co-host ...
: 2015–present
*
George Anderson: 1969–1970; 1976–1977
*
Martin Anderson: 1982–1985
*
Cresencio Arcos: 1999–2003
*
Leslie Arends: 1976–1977
*Anne Legendre Armstrong: 1981–1990, Chairman
*
Zoë Baird
Zoë Eliot Baird (born June 20, 1952) is an American lawyer and president of the Markle Foundation. She is known for her role in the Nannygate matter of 1993, which arose when she was nominated by President Bill Clinton as the first woman to be ...
: 1993–2001
*
Howard Baker
Howard Henry Baker Jr. (November 15, 1925 June 26, 2014) was an American politician and diplomat who served as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1967 to 1985. During his tenure, he rose to the rank of Senate Minority Leader and then ...
: 1985–1987; 1988–1990
*
William Baker: 1959–1961; 1961–1977; 1981–1990
*
Jim Barksdale
James Love Barksdale (born January 24, 1943) is an American executive who served as the president and CEO of Netscape from January 1995 until the company merged with AOL in March 1999.
Early life
James Barksdale was born in Jackson, Mississipp ...
: 2001–2009
*
Robert Barrow: 1984–1985
*
Richard Bloch
Richard Adolf Bloch (February 15, 1926 – July 21, 2004) was an American entrepreneur, and philanthropist best known for starting the H&R Block tax preparation and personal finance company with his older brother Henry in 1955. His personal ex ...
: 1996–1998
*
Alfred Bloomingdale
Alfred Schiffer Bloomingdale (April 15, 1916 – August 23, 1982) was an heir to the Bloomingdale's department store fortune, "father of the credit card", and the lover of murdered mistress Vicki Morgan.[David Boren
David Lyle Boren (born April 21, 1941) is a retired American lawyer and politician from the state of Oklahoma. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as 21st governor of Oklahoma from 1975 to 1979 and three terms in the United States Senate ...]
: 2009–2013 (IOB)
*
Frank Borman
Frank Frederick Borman II (born March 14, 1928) is a retired United States Air Force (USAF) colonel, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, businessman, and NASA astronaut. He was the commander of Apollo 8, the first mission to fly around the Moo ...
: 1981–1982
*
Denis Bovin: 2006–2010
*
Omar Bradley
Omar Nelson Bradley (February 12, 1893April 8, 1981) was a senior Officer (armed forces), officer of the United States Army during and after World War II, rising to the rank of General of the Army (United States), General of the Army. Bradley ...
: 1956
*
William Brody
William Ralph Brody (born January 4, 1944) is an American radiologist and academic administrator. He was the President of The Johns Hopkins University, a position which he held from 1996 to 2009 before becoming the President of the Salk Institute ...
: 2002–2005
*
David Bruce: 1956–1957
*
Shelby Bryan
John Shelby Bryan (born March 21, 1946) is an American telecommunications pioneer, futurist, business executive, entrepreneur, and venture capitalist.
Early life
Bryan was born in Houston, Texas on March 21, 1946. He attended Mirabeau B. Lamar ...
: 1999–2001
*
Zbigniew Brzezinski
Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzeziński ( , ; March 28, 1928 – May 26, 2017), or Zbig, was a Polish-American diplomat and political scientist. He served as a counselor to President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1966 to 1968 and was President Jimmy Carter's ...
: 1988–1990
*
Glenn Campbell: 1981–1990 (IOB)
*
Roel Campos
Roel Clark Campos (born 1949) is an American business lawyer.
Early life and education
Campos earned his J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1979, his M.B.A. from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1972, and in 1971 earned his B.S. fr ...
: 2009–2013
*
Ann Caracristi
Ann Zeilinger Caracristi (February 1, 1921 – January 10, 2016) was an American cryptanalyst, former Deputy Director of the National Security Agency, where she served at various positions over a 40-year career. She served as a member of the Sec ...
: 1993–2001 (IOB)
*
Bill Casey
William D. Casey (born February 19, 1945) is a Canadian politician from Nova Scotia who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada. First elected as a Progressive Conservative in 1988, he later sat as Conservative ...
: 1976–1977
*
Leo Cherne
Leo M. Cherne (1912–1999) was an American economist, public servant, and four-decade head of the International Rescue Committee.
Background
Leo M. Cherne was born on September 8, 1912, in The Bronx. His father, Max Cherne, was a Romanian-J ...
: 1973–1976 (IOB, 1976–1977); Vice Chair, 1981–1990
*
Clark Clifford
Clark McAdams Clifford (December 25, 1906October 10, 1998) was an American lawyer who served as an important political adviser to Democratic presidents Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Jimmy Carter. His official governme ...
: 1961–1963
*
John Connally
John Bowden Connally Jr. (February 27, 1917June 15, 1993) was an American politician. He served as the 39th governor of Texas and as the 61st United States secretary of the Treasury. He began his career as a Democrat and later became a Republican ...
: 1970–1971; 1972–1975; 1976–1977; 1981–1983
*
Richard Conolly
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Old Frankish and is a compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'strong ...
: 1956–1961
*
Jim Crown: 2014–present
*
Arthur Culvahouse
Arthur Boggess Culvahouse Jr. (born July 4, 1948) is an American attorney who served as the United States Ambassador to Australia from 2019 to 2021.
He is the former Chair of O'Melveny & Myers, an international law firm of more than 1,000 lawyer ...
: 2005–2010
*
Richard Danzig
Richard Jeffrey Danzig (born September 8, 1944) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 71st Secretary of the Navy under President Bill Clinton. He served as an advisor of the President Barack Obama during his presidential campaign ...
: 2010–present (IOB, 2010–2015)
*
Colgate Darden
Colgate Whitehead Darden Jr. (February 11, 1897 – June 9, 1981) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician aligned with the Byrd Organization who served as U.S. Representative from Virginia (1933–37, 1939–41), the 54th Governor of V ...
: 1957–1961
*
Scott Davis: 2014–2015
*
Robert Day: 2001–2005
*
John Deutch
John Mark Deutch (born July 27, 1938) is an American physical chemist and civil servant. He was the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1994 to 1995 and Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from May 10, 1995 until December 15, 1996. ...
: 1990–1993
*
William DeWitt
William Dewitt (1738 – July 18, 1813 ) was a South Carolina planter, lawyer, and politician who was a Captain in the American Revolutionary War. He was a Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives 6 years after the signing of the ...
: 2005–2010
*
Jimmy Doolittle
James Harold Doolittle (December 14, 1896 – September 27, 1993) was an American military general and aviation pioneer who received the Medal of Honor for his daring raid on Japan during World War II. He also made early coast-to-coast flights ...
: 1956–1961; 1961–1964
*
Jamie Dos Santos: 2014–present
*
Sidney Drell
Sidney David Drell (September 13, 1926 – December 21, 2016) was an American theoretical physicist and arms control expert.
At the time of his death, he was professor emeritus at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and senior fel ...
: 1993–2001
*
Thomas Eagleton
Thomas Francis Eagleton (September 4, 1929 – March 4, 2007) was an American lawyer serving as a United States senator from Missouri, from 1968 to 1987. He was briefly the Democratic vice presidential nominee under George McGovern in 1972. He ...
: 1993–2000
*
James Ellis: 2005–2009
*
Donald Evans
Donald Louis Evans (born July 27, 1946) is an American businessman. He was the 34th U.S. Secretary of Commerce. He was appointed by his longtime friend George W. Bush and sworn into office on January 20, 2001. On November 9, 2004, the White House ...
: 2005–2009
*
Martin Faga: 2005–2009
*
Benjamin Fairless
Benjamin Franklin Fairless (May 3, 1890 — January 1, 1962) was an American steel company executive. He was president of a wide range of steel companies during a turbulent and formative period in the American steel industry. His roles included P ...
: 1956–1959
*
Marty Feldstein: 2006–2009
*
Michèle Flournoy
Michèle Angélique Flournoy (, born December 14, 1960) is an American defense policy advisor and former government official. She was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Strategy under President Bill Clinton and Under Secretary of Defense ...
: 2014–present
*
John Foster: 1973–1977; 1981–1990
*
Steve Friedman: 1999–2005; 2009–2010
*
Bob Galvin
Robert William "Bob" Galvin (October 9, 1922 – October 11, 2011) was an American executive. He was the son of the founder of Motorola, Paul Galvin, and served as the CEO of Motorola from 1959 to 1986.
Motorola career
Born in Marshfield, Wiscon ...
: 1973–1977
*
Julius Genachowski
Julius Genachowski (born August 19, 1962) is an American lawyer and businessman. He became the Federal Communications Commission Chairman on June 29, 2009. On March 22, 2013, he announced he would be leaving the FCC in the coming weeks. On Januar ...
: 2014–present (IOB)
*
Al Gore
Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American politician, businessman, and environmentalist who served as the 45th vice president of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. Gore was the Democratic Part ...
: 1977–1981 (IOB)
*
Gordon Gray: 1961–1977
*
Alan Greenspan
Alan Greenspan (born March 6, 1926) is an American economist who served as the 13th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006. He works as a private adviser and provides consulting for firms through his company, Greenspan Associates LLC. ...
: 1982–1985
*
James Hamilton: 1995–1997
*
Lee Hamilton
Lee Herbert Hamilton (born April 20, 1931) is an American politician and lawyer from Indiana. He is a former member of the United States House of Representatives and a former member of the U.S. Homeland Security Advisory Council. A member of the ...
: 2005–2013
*
Anthony Harrington: 1993–2000 (IOB); Vice Chair, 1997–2000
*
Rita Hauser
Rita Eleanor Hauser (born July 12, 1934 in New York) is an international lawyer known for persuading Yasser Arafat and the Palestine Liberation Organization to renounce violence in 1988. She also served as United States Ambassador to the United ...
: 2001–2004 (IOB, 2003–2004); 2009–2013
*
Robert Hermann: 1993–2001
*
John Hull: 1956–1958
*
Ray Hunt: 2001–2009
*
William Hyland: 1990–1993
*
Bobby Inman
Bobby Ray Inman (born April 4, 1931) is a retired United States Navy admiral who held several influential positions in the United States Intelligence Community.
Early years
Inman was born and raised in the community of Rhonesboro, Upshur Count ...
: Vice Chair, 1990–1991
*
Leon Jaworski
Leonidas "Leon" Jaworski (September 19, 1905 – December 9, 1982) was an American attorney and law professor who served as the second special prosecutor during the Watergate Scandal. He was appointed to that position on November 1, 1973, soon af ...
: 1981–1982
*
Shirley Jackson
Shirley Hardie Jackson (December 14, 1916 – August 8, 1965) was an American writer known primarily for her works of horror and mystery. Over the duration of her writing career, which spanned over two decades, she composed six novels, two me ...
: 2014–present (IOB)
*
David Jeremiah
David Jeremiah is an American evangelical Christian author, founder of Turning Point Radio and Television Ministries and senior pastor of Shadow Mountain Community Church, a Southern Baptist megachurch in El Cajon, California, a suburb of San D ...
: 2001–2010 (IOB, 2003–2009)
*
Amos Jordan
Amos Azariah Jordan (February 11, 1922 – June 7, 2018) was an American brigadier general in the United States Army and senior fellow at the Wheatley Institution of Brigham Young University. He was formerly the CEO of the Center for Strategic a ...
: 1990–1993 (IOB, not PIAB)
*
Paul Kaminski: 2009–2013
*
Arnold Kanter
Arnold Lee Kanter (February 27, 1945 – April 10, 2010) was an American businessman who served as acting United States Secretary of State following the resignation of the previous United States Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger at midnight ...
: 2001–2005 (IOB, 2003–2005)
*
Joe Kennedy: 1956
*
James Killian
James Rhyne Killian Jr. (July 24, 1904 – January 29, 1988) was the 10th president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from 1948 until 1959.
Early life
Killian was born on July 24, 1904, in Blacksburg, South Carolina. His father w ...
: 1958–1960
*
Jeane Kirkpatrick
Jeane Duane Kirkpatrick (née Jordan; November 19, 1926December 7, 2006) was an American diplomat and political scientist who played a major role in the foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration. An ardent anticommunist, she was a lo ...
: 1985–1990
*
Henry Kissinger
Henry Alfred Kissinger (; ; born Heinz Alfred Kissinger, May 27, 1923) is a German-born American politician, diplomat, and geopolitical consultant who served as United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presid ...
: 1984–1990
*
Ellen Laipson
Ellen Laipson is a Distinguished Fellow and President Emeritus of The Stimson Center. She is a member of the council of the International Institute for Strategic Studies. She was previously Vice Chair of the National Intelligence Council (1997–20 ...
: 2009–2013
*
Edwin Land
Edwin Herbert Land, ForMemRS, FRPS, Hon.MRI (May 7, 1909 – March 1, 1991) was an Russian-American scientist and inventor, best known as the co-founder of the Polaroid Corporation. He invented inexpensive filters for polarizing light, a ...
: 1961–1977
*
Jim Langdon: 2001–2005 (IOB, 2003–2005)
*
William Langer
William "Wild Bill" Langer (September 30, 1886November 8, 1959) was a prominent American lawyer and politician from North Dakota, where he was an infamous character, bouncing back from a scandal that forced him out of the governor's office and ...
: 1961–1969
*
Tony Lapham: 1991–1993 (IOB; not PIAB)
*
Lyman Lemnitzer
Lyman Louis Lemnitzer (August 29, 1899 – November 12, 1988) was a United States Army general who served as the fourth chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1960 to 1962. He then served as the Supreme Allied Commander Europe of NATO from 1 ...
: 1976–1977
*
Al Lerner
Alfred Lerner (May 8, 1933 – October 23, 2002) was an American businessman. He was best known as the chair of the board of credit-card giant MBNA and the owner of the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League. He was also a past presid ...
: 2001–2002
*
Franklin Lincoln: 1969–1972
*
Robert Lovett: 1956–1961
*
Clare Luce: 1973–1977; 1981–1987
*
Gordon Luce
Gordon Hannington Luce was a colonial scholar in Burma. He was born on 20 January 1889 and died on 3 May 1979. His outstanding library containing books, manuscripts, maps and photographs – The Luce Collection – was acquired by the National ...
: 1988–1989
*
Lester Lyles
General Lester L. Lyles (born April 20, 1946) is a retired four-star general in the United States Air Force (USAF). He served as Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, and Commander, Air Force Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Ai ...
: 2009–2013 (IOB)
*
Michael McConnell: 1988–1990 (IOB; not PIAB)
*
Dan Meltzer: 2010–2015 (IOB)
*
Charles Meyers: 1982–1988 (IOB; not PIAB)
*
Jami Miscik
Judith A. "Jami" Miscik (born 1958) is an American intelligence analyst who was also the Central Intelligence Agency's Deputy Director for Intelligence, the Agency's most senior analytic post. In 2005 she left CIA to become Global Head of Sovereig ...
: 2009–2015 (IOB)
*
Thomas Moorer: 1981–1985
*
Michael Morell
Michael Joseph Morell (; born September 4, 1958) is an American former career intelligence analyst. He served as the deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency from 2010 to 2013 and twice as its acting director, first in 2011 and then fr ...
: 2013–2014
*
John Morrison John Morrison or Morison may refer to:
In politics
* John Morrison (Manitoba politician) (1868–1930), politician in Manitoba, Canada
* John Morrison (Saskatchewan politician) (1872–1950), Canadian Member of Parliament
* John Morrison (intelli ...
: 2005–2010
*
Franklin Murphy: 1969–1972
*
Robert Murphy Robert, Rob, Bob or Bobby Murphy may refer to:
Sports Ice hockey
*Robert Ronald Murphy or Ron Murphy (1933–2014), Canadian ice hockey player
* Bob Murphy (ice hockey) (born 1951), Canadian retired professional ice hockey player
* Rob Murphy (ice ...
: 1961–1973; 1976–1977 (IOB)
*
Kevin Nealer: 2014–present
*
Peter O'Donnell
Peter O'Donnell (11 April 1920 – 3 May 2010) was an English writer of mysteries and of comic strips, best known as the creator of ''Modesty Blaise'', an action heroine/undercover trouble-shooter. He was also an award-winning gothic hi ...
: 1981–1985
*
Frank Pace
Frank Pace Jr. (July 5, 1912January 8, 1988) was the 3rd United States Secretary of the Army and a business executive.
Biography
Pace was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, and attended The Hill School, Pottstown, Pennsylvania. In 1933 he graduated ...
: 1961–1972
*
Elisabeth Paté-Cornell: 2001–2010
*
Ross Perot
Henry Ross Perot (; June 27, 1930 – July 9, 2019) was an American business magnate, billionaire, politician and philanthropist. He was the founder and chief executive officer of Electronic Data Systems and Perot Systems. He ran an inde ...
: 1981–1985
*
William Perry William Perry may refer to:
Business
* William Perry (Queensland businessman) (1835–1891), businessman and politician in Queensland, Australia
* William H. Perry (businessman) (1832–1906), American businessman and entrepreneur
Politics and ...
: 1990–1993
*
Hal Pote: 1993–1996 (IOB)
*
Lois Rice
Lois Ann Dickson Fitt Rice (February 28, 1933 – January 4, 2017) was an American corporate executive, scholar, and education policy expert. Known as the ‘‘mother of the Pell Grant” because of her work lobbying for its creation, she was na ...
: 1993–2001
*
Chuck Robb
Charles Spittal Robb (born June 26, 1939) is an American politician from Virginia and former officer in the United States Marine Corps. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he served as the List of governors of Vir ...
: 2005–2009
*
Nelson Rockefeller
Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979), sometimes referred to by his nickname Rocky, was an American businessman and politician who served as the 41st vice president of the United States from 1974 to 1977. A member of t ...
: 1969–1974
*
Joe Rodgers: 1981–1985
*
Eugene Rostow
Eugene Victor Rostow (August 25, 1913 – November 25, 2002) was an American legal scholar and public servant. He was Dean of Yale Law School and served as Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs under President Lyndon B. Johnson. In the ...
: 1982–1985
*
Warren Rudman
Warren Bruce Rudman (May 18, 1930November 19, 2012) was an American attorney and Republican politician who served as United States Senator from New Hampshire between 1980 and 1993. He was known as a moderate centrist, to such an extent that Pres ...
: Vice Chair, 1993–1994; Vice Chair, 1995–1998
*
Edward Ryerson: 1956–1961
*
Jack Schmitt
Harrison Hagan Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is an American geologist, retired NASA astronaut, university professor, former U.S. senator from New Mexico, and the most recent living person—and only person without a background in military aviation ...
: 1983–1985
*
Bernie Schriever: 1985–1990
*
Paul Seabury
Paul Seabury (May 6, 1923 – October 17, 1990) was an American political scientist and foreign policy consultant.
Life
Born in Hempstead, Long Island, Seabury was a native New Yorker. He graduated from Swarthmore College in 1946, and from Co ...
: 1981–1985
*
Bill Scranton: 1977–1981 (IOB)
*
George Shultz
George Pratt Shultz (; December 13, 1920February 6, 2021) was an American economist, businessman, diplomat and statesman. He served in various positions under two different Republican presidents and is one of the only two persons to have held fou ...
: 1974–1976
*
Stanley Shuman
Stanley may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Film and television
* ''Stanley'' (1972 film), an American horror film
* ''Stanley'' (1984 film), an Australian comedy
* ''Stanley'' (1999 film), an animated short
* ''Stanley'' (1956 TV series) ...
: 1995–2001
*
John Sides: 1965–1969
*
Robert Six
Robert Forman Six (June 25, 1907 – October 6, 1986) was the CEO of Continental Airlines from 1936 to 1980. His career began in the earliest days of U.S. commercial aviation; his determined, scrappy, risk-taking nature paid off for Continental A ...
: 1981–1985
*
William Smith: 1985–1990
*
Maurice Sonnenberg Maurice Sonnenberg has served as an outside advisor to five Presidential Administrations in the areas of international trade, finance, international relations, intelligence, and foreign election monitoring.
Biography
Education
Sonnenberg is a gr ...
: 1992–2000
*
Frank Stella
Frank Philip Stella (born May 12, 1936) is an American painter, sculptor and printmaker, noted for his work in the areas of minimalism and post-painterly abstraction. Stella lives and works in New York City.
Biography
Frank Stella was born in M ...
: 1981–1982 (IOB; not PIAB)
*
Bobby Stein
Robert Stein (1938/9 – 13 August 2021) was a Scottish professional footballer who played for Broxburn Athletic, Raith Rovers, Montrose and East Stirlingshire as a right back
In the sport of association football, a defender is an outfield ...
: 2015–present
*
John Streicker
John Streicker is a Canadian artist and politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Yukon in the 2016 Yukon general election. He represents the electoral district of Mount Lorne-Southern Lakes as a member of the Yukon Liberal Par ...
: 2001–2005
*
Mona Sutphen
Mona K. Sutphen (born November 10, 1967) was the White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2011. She is currently a partner and Head of Investment Strategies at The Vistria Group, a Chicago-based private ...
: 2011–present (IOB)
*
Max Taylor: 1961; 1965–1968
*
Edward Teller
Edward Teller ( hu, Teller Ede; January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb" (see the Teller–Ulam design), although he did not care fo ...
: 1971–1977
*
John Tower
John Goodwin Tower (September 29, 1925 – April 5, 1991) was an American politician, serving as a Republican United States Senator from Texas from 1961 to 1985. He was the first Republican Senator elected from Texas since Reconstruction. Tower ...
: 1987–1990
*
Fran Townsend
Frances M. "Fran" Fragos Townsend (born December 28, 1961) is an American lawyer and business executive who served as Homeland Security Advisor to United States President George W. Bush from 2004 to 2007, and was formerly the executive vice pre ...
: 2008–2009
*
Charles Tyroler: 1981–1990 (IOB; not PIAB)
*
Caspar Weinberger
Caspar Willard Weinberger (August 18, 1917 – March 28, 2006) was an American statesman and businessman. As a prominent Republican, he served in a variety of state and federal positions for three decades, including chairman of the Californ ...
: 1988–1990
*
Seymour Weiss
Seymour Weiss (September 13, 1896 – September 17, 1969) was a prominent hotel executive and civic leader from New Orleans, Louisiana, who was a close confidant of the legendary Huey Pierce Long, Jr. Weiss, the most loyal of the Longit ...
: 1981–1985
*
Tom Wheeler
Thomas Edgar Wheeler (born April 5, 1946) is an American businessman and former government official. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 31st Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission.
He was appointed by President Bara ...
: 2011–2013
*
Bud Wheelon: 1983–1988
*
Ed Williams: 1976–1977; 1981–1985
*
James Wilson James Wilson may refer to:
Politicians and government officials
Canada
*James Wilson (Upper Canada politician) (1770–1847), English-born farmer and political figure in Upper Canada
* James Crocket Wilson (1841–1899), Canadian MP from Quebe ...
: 1985–1990
*
Pete Wilson
Peter Barton Wilson (born August 23, 1933) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 36th governor of California from 1991 to 1999. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as a United States senator from California bet ...
: 2001–2005
*
Albert Wohlstetter
Albert James Wohlstetter (December 19, 1913 – January 10, 1997) was an American political scientist noted for his influence on U.S. nuclear strategy during the Cold War. He and his wife Roberta Wohlstetter, an accomplished historian and intell ...
: 1985–1990
*
Neal Wolin
Neal Steven Wolin (born December 9, 1961) is the CEO of the corporate advisory firm Brunswick Group, an equity partner of Data Collective, a board partner of Social Capital, and a limited partner advisor of Nyca Partners. He is the longest-servin ...
: 2014–present (IOB)
*
Philip Zelikow
Philip David Zelikow (; born September 21, 1954) is an American diplomat, academic and author. He has worked as the executive director of the 9/11 Commission, director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia, and Coun ...
: 2001–2003; 2011–2013
*
Bud Zumwalt: 1996–2000
See also
*
Team B
Team B was a competitive analysis exercise commissioned by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to analyze threats the Soviet Union posed to the security of the United States. It was created, in part, due to a 1974 publication by Albert Wohlstett ...
*
Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB) is an independent agency within the executive branch of the United States government, established by Congress in 2004 to advise the President and other senior executive branch officials to en ...
References
External links
{{Authority control
United States federal boards, commissions, and committees
Executive Office of the President of the United States
1956 establishments in the United States
American advisory organizations
United States intelligence agencies
Intelligence analysis agencies