The PARM 1 (DM-12) and PARM 2 (DM-22) are German
off-route mines that fire small fin stabilized rockets. ''PARM'' stands for ''PanzerAbwehrRichtMine'', anti-tank directional mine.
1600 DM-22 mines were delivered to Ukrainian armed services in early May 2022.
Development
The mine was developed in the early 1980s to meet the
US MIL-STD-331A and US MIL-STD-810C requirements. Trials of the mine were conducted between March 1983 and March 1988. In June 1988 it was accepted into service with the
Bundeswehr
The ''Bundeswehr'' (, meaning literally: ''Federal Defence'') is the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. The ''Bundeswehr'' is divided into a military part (armed forces or ''Streitkräfte'') and a civil part, the military part con ...
, with the Army receiving the first batch of 25,000 between 1991 and 1994. The PARM 2 was a development of PARM 1 incorporating an infra-red sensor and an improved rocket.
PARM 1
The PARM 1 is mounted on a small tripod, allowing it to be traversed through 360 degrees, elevated to 90 degrees and depressed to −45 degrees. The mine is manually emplaced and incorporates an arming delay of five minutes. It can be detonated either by command or by a
fibre optic
An optical fiber, or optical fibre in Commonwealth English, is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. Optical fibers are used most often as a means to ...
trigger cable, which triggers the mine when it is crushed.
The mine has an effective range of between . The rocket has a velocity of approximately , and has a claimed armour penetration of .
PARM 2
The PARM 2 incorporates an infra-red sensor, the SAPIR, which acts to accurately fire the rocket to ranges up to . The warhead of the PARM 2 has been upgraded, with armour penetration of and a capability against
reactive armour
Reactive armour is a type of vehicle armour that reacts in some way to the impact of a weapon to reduce the damage done to the vehicle being protected. It is most effective in protecting against shaped charges and specially hardened kinetic ener ...
. It can be programmed to be active for between several hours and 30 days.
Specifications
See also
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M24 mine
The M24 mine is a United States off-route land mine based on the M28A2 high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rocket normally fired by an M20 Super Bazooka 3.5 inch rocket launcher. The rocket was launched from an M143 plastic launch tube.
Operation
A ...
*
TM-83 mine The TM-83 is a Soviet off-route shaped charge anti-tank mine, first shown publicly in 1993, and developed in 1983. The mine consists of a large Misznay Schardin effect warhead and is actived using its infra-red and seismic sensors.
Deployment ...
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MPB mine
The MPB is a Polish off-route anti-tank mine. It was developed by BELMA (BZE BELMA S.A.) with its partner Military Institute of Engineer Technology. The MPB consists of a metal cylinder filled with explosives, mounted horizontally in an adjusta ...
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References
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* ''Jane's Mines and Mine Clearance 2005-2006''
Anti-tank mines
Land mines of Germany
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