The Phage 21 S (P21 Holin) Family
TC# 1.E.1 is a member of the
Holin Superfamily II The Holin superfamily II is a superfamily of putative pore-forming proteins. It is one of the seven different holin superfamilies in total. In general, these proteins are thought to play a role in regulated cell death, although functionality vari ...
.
The Bacteriophage P21 Lysis protein S holin
TC# 1.E.1.1.1 is the prototype for class II holins. Lysis S proteins have two transmembrane segments (TMSs), with both the N- and C-termini on the
cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane. TMS1 may be dispensable for function.
A homologue of the P21 holin is the holin of bacteriophage H-19B
TC# 1.E.1.1.3. The gene encoding it has been associated with the Shiga-like Toxin I gene in ''E. coli''. It may function in toxin export as has been proposed for the ''X. nematophila'' holin-1
TC #1.E.2.1.4.
A representative list of proteins belonging to the P21 holin family can be found in th
Transporter Classification Database
See also
*
Holin
*
Lysin
Lysins, also known as endolysins or murein hydrolases, are hydrolytic enzymes produced by bacteriophages in order to cleave the host's cell wall during the final stage of the lytic cycle. Lysins are highly evolved enzymes that are able to target ...
*
Transporter Classification Database
Further reading
* Gaeng, Susanne; Scherer, Siegfried; Neve, Horst; Loessner, Martin J. (2000-07-01)
"Gene Cloning and Expression and Secretion of Listeria monocytogenes Bacteriophage-Lytic Enzymes in Lactococcus lactis"''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'' 66 (7): 2951–2958.
ISSN&nbs
0099-2240 PMC&nbs
92096 PMID&nbs
10877791
* Lacal, J C; Santos, E; Notario, V; Barbacid, M; Yamazaki, S; Kung, H; Seamans, C; McAndrew, S; Crowl, R (1984-09-01)
"Expression of normal and transforming H-ras genes in Escherichia coli and purification of their encoded p21 proteins." ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America'' 81(17): 5305–5309.
ISSN&nbs
0027-8424 PMC&nbs
391692 PMID&nbs
6089191
* Pang, Ting; Savva, Christos G.;
Fleming, Karen G.; Struck, Douglas K.; Young, Ry (2009-11-10
"Structure of the lethal phage pinhole" ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America'' 106 (45): 18966–18971.
doi:
10.1073/pnas.0907941106.
ISSN&nbs
1091-6490 PMC&nbs
2776468 PMID&nbs
19861547
* Park, Taehyun; Struck, Douglas K.; Dankenbring, Chelsey A.; Young, Ry (2007-12-01)
"The pinholin of lambdoid phage 21: control of lysis by membrane depolarization" ''Journal of Bacteriology'' 189(24): 9135–9139.
doi:
10.1128/JB.00847-07.
ISSN&nbs
1098-5530 PMC&nbs
2168629 PMID&nbs
17827300
* Srividhya, K. V.; Krishnaswamy, S. (2007-08-01)
"Subclassification and targeted characterization of prophage-encoded two-component cell lysis cassette"''Journal of Biosciences'' 32 (5): 979–990.
ISSN&nbs
0250-5991 PMID&nbs
17914239
References
{{Dual, source=Transporter Classification Database (TCDB), sourcepath=http://www.tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.E.1, sourcearticle=1.E.1 The P21 Holin S (P21 Holin) Family, date=10 March 2016
Holins
Protein families