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BBC.com: The Wars of Scottish Independence
* ttp://skyelander.orgfree.com/menu5.html Syelander.org: Battles of Dupplin Moor, Halidon Hill, & Neville's Cross {{DEFAULTSORT:Wars of Scottish Independence 13th century in Scotland 14th century in Scotland 13th-century conflicts 14th-century conflicts Warfare in medieval Scotland Wars involving Scotland Wars involving England
outline
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is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Wars of Scottish Independence:
Wars of Scottish Independence – A series of military campaigns fought from 12961357 by the Kingdom of Scotland to maintain their nation's independence from the Kingdom of England.
Background
The following events can be seen as leading to the Wars of Scottish Independence: * Death of Alexander III of Scotland - 19 March 1286 * Death of Margaret, Maid of Norway - September 1290 - left no clear heir to the throne of Scotland. * Competitors for the Crown of Scotland - 13 individuals claiming the throne of Scotland. Edward I of England was asked to conduct the court which choose the next king.Participants
Combatants of the following nations and entities were involved in the Wars of Scottish Independence: * Kingdom of England * Kingdom of Scotland * Lordship of Ireland * Kingdom of FranceMain conflicts and campaigns
The Wars of Scottish Independence consisted of the following conflicts: * First War of Scottish Independence - 12961328 **English invasion of Scotland (1296)
The English invasion of Scotland of 1296 was a military campaign undertaken by Edward I of England in retaliation to the Scottish treaty with France and the renouncing of fealty of John, King of Scotland and Scottish raids into Northern England. ...
** Bruce campaign in Ireland
The Bruce campaign was a three-year military campaign in Ireland by Edward Bruce, brother of the Scottish king Robert the Bruce. It lasted from his landing at Larne in 1315 to his defeat and death in 1318 at the Battle of Faughart in County Lo ...
- 13151318
* Second War of Scottish Independence - 13321357
Notable agreements
The following agreements all had a bearing on the conduct of the Wars of Scottish Independence: * Ragman Rolls - Series of agreements whereby the Scottish nobles subscribed to the allegiance of Edward I of England. Signed in 1291, 1292 and 1296. * Auld Alliance - Agreement made in 1295 between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of France against the Kingdom of England. * Declaration of Arbroath - Letter sent toPope John XXII
Pope John XXII ( la, Ioannes PP. XXII; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death in December 1334.
He was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope, elected by ...
in 1320 asserting Scotland's independence.
* Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton - 1328 treaty formally ending the First War of Scottish Independence.
* Treaty of Berwick (1357) - Formally ended the Second War of Scottish Independence.
Notable individuals
Leaders in Scotland
Kings
* John Balliol - 12921296 * Robert the Bruce - 13061329 * David II of Scotland - 13291371Guardians
=Interregnum period
= The following people all served as the Guardian of Scotland, either solely or jointly during theinterregnum
An interregnum (plural interregna or interregnums) is a period of discontinuity or "gap" in a government, organization, or social order. Archetypally, it was the period of time between the reign of one monarch and the next (coming from Latin '' ...
of 12961306:
* William Wallace - 12971298
* Andrew Moray - 12971298
* Robert the Bruce - 12981300
* John Comyn III of Badenoch - 12981304
* William de Lamberton
William de Lamberton, sometimes modernized as William Lamberton, (died 20 May 1328) was Bishop of St Andrews from 1297 (consecrated 1298) until his death. Lamberton is renowned for his influential role during the Scottish Wars of Independence. ...
- 12991301
* Ingram de Umfraville
Sir Ingram de Umfraville (''fl.'' 1284–1320) was a Scottish noble who played a particularly chequered role in the Wars of Scottish Independence, changing sides between England and Scotland multiple times, throughout the conflict.
Life
Ingra ...
- 13001301
* John de Soules - 13011304
=Minority of David II
= The following people all served as the Guardian of Scotland, during the minority of David II of Scotland: *Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray
Thomas may refer to:
People
* List of people with given name Thomas
* Thomas (name)
* Thomas (surname)
* Saint Thomas (disambiguation)
* Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and Doctor of the Church
* Thomas the Ap ...
- 13291332
* Domhnall II, Earl of Mar
Domhnall II, Earl of Mar (date of birth unknown but prior to 130511 August 1332) was briefly Regent of Scotland during the minority of David II, King of Scotland.
Domhnall's father was Gartnait, Earl of Mar. His mother's identity is uncertain, a ...
- 1332
* Andrew Murray - 1332, 13351338
* Robert II of Scotland - 13341335, 13381341. Would serve again when David II was captured by the English from 13471354.
Leaders in England
Kings
* Edward I of England - 12721307 * Edward II of England - 13071327 * Edward III of England - 13271377Other leaders
*Edward Balliol
Edward Balliol (; 1283 – January 1364) was a claimant to the Scottish throne during the Second War of Scottish Independence. With English help, he ruled parts of the kingdom from 1332 to 1356.
Early life
Edward was the eldest son of John Ba ...
- Claimant to the Scottish throne. Would claim to rule from 13321356.
See also
* Anglo-Scottish Wars * List of battles between Scotland and EnglandExternal links
BBC.com: The Wars of Scottish Independence
* ttp://skyelander.orgfree.com/menu5.html Syelander.org: Battles of Dupplin Moor, Halidon Hill, & Neville's Cross {{DEFAULTSORT:Wars of Scottish Independence 13th century in Scotland 14th century in Scotland 13th-century conflicts 14th-century conflicts Warfare in medieval Scotland Wars involving Scotland Wars involving England
Scottish
Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including:
*Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland
*Scottish English
*Scottish national identity, the Scottish ide ...
Invasions by England
Invasions of Scotland
Military history of England
Military history of Scotland
Warfare of the Middle Ages
England–Scotland relations
Wikipedia outlines