The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Turkmenistan:

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...

is a sovereign Turkic

country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while ...

located in

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...

. The name Turkmenistan is derived from

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

, meaning "land of the Turkmen". The name of its capital,

Ashgabat Ashgabat or Asgabat ( tk, Aşgabat, ; fa, عشق‌آباد, translit='Ešqābād, formerly named Poltoratsk ( rus, Полтора́цк, p=pəltɐˈratsk) between 1919 and 1927), is the capital and the largest city of Turkmenistan. It lie ...

, derived from Persian as well, loosely translating as "the city of love". Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

, the

Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (, ; russian: Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика, ''Turkmenskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika''), also commonly known as Turkmenistan o ...

. It is bordered by

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...

to the southeast,

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

to the southwest,

Uzbekistan Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked co ...

to the northeast,

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...

to the northwest, and the

Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...

to the west. Although it is wealthy in natural resources in certain areas, most of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sands) Desert. It has a

one-party system A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system, or single-party system is a type of sovereign state in which only one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution. All other parties ...

, though other parties exist. The country was ruled by President for Life Saparmurat Niyazov until his death on 21 December 2006. Presidential elections were held on 11 February 2007.

Gurbanguly Berdimuhammedow Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow (born 29 June 1957), also known as Arkadag (Cyrillic: Аркадаг, "protector"), is a Turkmen politician who served as the second president of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2022. A dentist by profes ...

was declared the winner with 89% of the vote. He was sworn in on 14 February 2007, and has been re-elected twice since, in 2012 and 2017.

General reference

Pronunciation Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect ("correct pronunciation") or simply the way a particular ...

: *Common English country name:

*Official English country name:

*Common endonym(s): Türkmenistan *Official endonym(s): Türkmenistan * Adjectival(s): Turkmen * Demonym(s): * International rankings of Turkmenistan *

ISO country codes ISO 3166-1 (''Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes'') is a standard defining codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. It ...

: TM, TKM, 795 *

ISO region codes ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. The ...

: See ISO 3166-2:TM *

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...

country code top-level domain A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all ...

.tm .tm is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Turkmenistan. It is operated by Internet Computer Bureau. Nic.tm offers domain name purchase, registration, management and renewal as well as Internationalized Domain Name registrati ...

Geography of Turkmenistan

Geography of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea to the west, Iran and Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the north-east, and Kazakhstan to the north-west. It is the southernmost republic of the Commonwealth of ...

*Turkmenistan is: a

landlocked country A landlocked country is a country that does not have territory connected to an ocean or whose coastlines lie on endorheic basins. There are currently 44 landlocked countries and 4 landlocked de facto states. Kazakhstan is the world's largest ...

*Location: ** Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere **

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago ...

***

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...

****

Time zone A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude, because it ...

UTC+05 UTC+05:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +05:00. This time is used in: As standard time (Northern Hemisphere winter) ''Principal cities: Islamabad, Karachi'' South Asia *Pakistan - Time in Pakistan As standard time (year-ro ...

** Extreme points of Turkmenistan ***High: Aýrybaba ***Low: Akjagaýa çöketligi **Land boundaries: 3,736 km :: 1,621 km :: 992 km :: 744 km :: 379 km :*Coastline: ''none''

borders the

, a remnant of the ancient Paratethys Sea. *Population of Turkmenistan: 5,240,000 (July 2013, UN estimate) – 117th most populous country * *Area of Turkmenistan: 488,100 km² – 53rd by total area * Atlas of Turkmenistan

Environment of Turkmenistan

Environment of Turkmenistan * Climate of Turkmenistan * Environmental issues in Turkmenistan * Protected areas of Turkmenistan * Wildlife of Turkmenistan **Fauna of Turkmenistan *** Birds of Turkmenistan *** Mammals of Turkmenistan

Natural geographic features of Turkmenistan

* Glaciers of Turkmenistan: None *

Islands An island (or isle) is an isolated piece of habitat that is surrounded by a dramatically different habitat, such as water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island ...

of Turkmenistan: None *

Lakes of Turkmenistan This is a list of lakes and reservoirs of Turkmenistan. ''Natural lakes'': * Kattashor Lake (on Amu Darya, in Lebap Province) * Sarygamysh Lake ''Artificial lakes'': * Hanhowuz (Khauz-Khan) Reservoir * Hor Hor Reservoir (on Tejen River) * Io ...

* Mountains of Turkmenistan **

Volcanoes A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates a ...

in Turkmenistan: None *

Rivers of Turkmenistan A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of wa ...

List of World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Below is the lis ...

Regions of Turkmenistan

Regions of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is divided into five regions or ''welaýatlar'' (singular '' welaýat'') and one capital city (''şäher'') with provincial legal status. They are Ahal, Balkan, Dashoguz, Lebap and Mary, plus the capital city of Ashgabat. Each prov ...

Ecoregions of Turkmenistan

Administrative divisions of Turkmenistan

Administrative divisions of Turkmenistan * Provinces of Turkmenistan ** Districts of Turkmenistan

=Provinces of Turkmenistan

= Provinces of Turkmenistan * Aşgabat * Ahal Province * Balkan Province * Daşoguz Province *

Lebap Province Lebap Region ( tk, Lebap welaýaty/Лебап велаяты from the Persian language, Persian ''Lab-e āb'') is one of the regions of Turkmenistan. It is in the northeast of the country, bordering Afghanistan, Uzbekistan along the Amu Darya ...

Mary Province Mary Region ( tk, Mary welaýaty, Мары велаяты) is one of five provinces in Turkmenistan. It is located in the south-east of the country, bordering Afghanistan. Its capital is the city of Mary. Its area is and population 1,480,400 ( ...

=Districts of Turkmenistan

= Districts of Turkmenistan The provinces of Turkmenistan are divided into

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...

s, which may be either counties or cities.

Demography of Turkmenistan

Demographics of Turkmenistan

Government and politics of Turkmenistan

Politics of Turkmenistan The politics of Turkmenistan takes place in the framework of a presidential system, presidential republic, whereby the President of Turkmenistan is both head of state and head of government. However, no true opposition parties are allowed; every ...

* Form of government:

Presidential republic A presidential system, or single executive system, is a form of government in which a head of government, typically with the title of president, leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch in systems that use separation ...

* Capital of Turkmenistan:

Elections in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan elects on national level a head of state — the president — and a legislature. The elections in Turkmenistan since its split from the Soviet Union have been widely criticized for being completely fraudulent and attempting to give ...

Political parties in Turkmenistan The politics of Turkmenistan takes place in the framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Turkmenistan is both head of state and head of government. However, no true opposition parties are allowed; every registered politica ...

Branches of government of Turkmenistan

Government of Turkmenistan The politics of Turkmenistan takes place in the framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Turkmenistan is both head of state and head of government. However, no true opposition parties are allowed; every registered political ...

Executive branch of Turkmenistan

Head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

President of Turkmenistan The president of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň prezidenti), officially the president and chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, is the head of state and head of government of Turkmenistan. The president is also the supreme c ...

Head of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, ...

Legislative branch of Turkmenistan

* Parliament of Turkmenistan ( bicameral per 2020 constitutional amendment) **

Upper house An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.''Bicameralism'' (1997) by George Tsebelis The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restric ...

: Halk Maslahaty ** Lower house: Mejlis

Judicial branch of Turkmenistan

Court system of Turkmenistan * Supreme Court of Turkmenistan

Foreign relations of Turkmenistan

Foreign relations of Turkmenistan *

Diplomatic missions in Turkmenistan Diplomatics (in American English, and in most anglophone countries), or diplomatic (in British English), is a scholarly discipline centred on the critical analysis of documents: especially, historical documents. It focuses on the conventions, p ...

Diplomatic missions of Turkmenistan This is a list of diplomatic missions of Turkmenistan, excluding honorary consulates. The country has established diplomatic relations with 151 states. The country currently maintains 40 representative offices in 30 different countries and territ ...

International organization membership

International organization membership of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan's declaration of "permanent neutrality" was formally recognized by the United Nations in 1995. Former President Niyazov stated that the neutrality would prevent Turkmenistan from participating in multi-national defense organizations, ...

Turkmenistan is a member of: *

Asian Development Bank The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established on 19 December 1966, which is headquartered in the Ortigas Center located in the city of Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines. The bank also maintains 31 field offic ...

(ADB) *

Commonwealth of Independent States The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia. It was formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. It covers an area of and has an estimated population of 239,796,010. ...

(CIS) *

Economic Cooperation Organization The Economic Cooperation Organization or ECO is an Asian political and economic intergovernmental organization that was founded in 1985 in Tehran by the leaders of Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey. It provides a platform to discuss ways to improve de ...

(ECO) *

Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) is a post–Cold War, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) institution. The EAPC is a multilateral forum created to improve relations between NATO and non-NATO countries in Europe and Central Asi ...

(EAPC) * European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) *

Food and Agriculture Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)french: link=no, Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; it, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura is an intern ...

(FAO) * Group of 77 (G77) * International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) *

International Civil Aviation Organization The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international a ...

(ICAO) * International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) * International Development Association (IDA) * International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) *

International Finance Corporation The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in less developed countries. The IFC is a member of ...

(IFC) *

International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and o ...

(ILO) * International Maritime Organization (IMO) *

International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster glo ...

(IMF) *

International Olympic Committee The International Olympic Committee (IOC; french: link=no, Comité international olympique, ''CIO'') is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is constituted in the form of an association under the Swiss ...

(IOC) *

International Organization for Migration The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is a United Nations agency that provides services and advice concerning migration to governments and migrants, including internally displaced persons, refugees, and migrant workers. The IOM w ...

(IOM) (observer) *

International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Art ...

(ISO) (correspondent) * International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) *

International Telecommunication Union The International Telecommunication Union is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information and communication technologies. It was established on 17 May 1865 as the International Telegraph Unio ...

(ITU) *

Islamic Development Bank The Islamic Development Bank ( ar, البنك الإسلامي للتنمية, abbreviated as IsDB) is a multilateral development finance institution that is focused on Islamic finance for infrastructure development and located in Jeddah, Saudi ...

(IDB) *

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is an international financial institution which offers political risk insurance and credit enhancement guarantees. These guarantees help investors protect foreign direct investments against ...

(MIGA) * Nonaligned Movement (NAM) *

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is an entity—such as a company, an institution, or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. The word is derived from ...

(OIC) * Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) *

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which entered into force on 29 April 1997. The OPCW, with its 193 member ...

(OPCW) *

Partnership for Peace The Partnership for Peace (PfP; french: Partenariat pour la paix) is a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) program aimed at creating trust between the member states of NATO and other states mostly in Europe, including post-Soviet state ...

(PFP) *

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation russian: Шанхайская Организация Сотрудничества , image = , caption = , logo = SCO logo.svg , logo_size = 160px , map = Shanghai Cooperati ...

(SCO) (guest) *

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...

(UN) *

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established in 1964 by the ...

(UNCTAD) * United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) *

United Nations Industrial Development Organization The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (French: Organisation des Nations unies pour le développement industriel; French/Spanish acronym: ONUDI) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that assists countries in ...

(UNIDO) *

Universal Postal Union The Universal Postal Union (UPU, french: link=no, Union postale universelle), established by the Treaty of Bern of 1874, is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to ...

(UPU) *

World Customs Organization The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. The WCO works on customs-related matters including the development of international conventions, instruments, and tools on topics su ...

(WCO) *

World Federation of Trade Unions The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) is an international federation of trade unions established in 1945. Founded in the immediate aftermath of World War Two, the organization built on the pre-war legacy of the International Federation o ...

(WFTU) *

World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of ...

(WHO) *

World Intellectual Property Organization The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; french: link=no, Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI)) is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN). Pursuant to the 1967 Convention Establishi ...

(WIPO) *

World Meteorological Organization The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology and geophysics. The WMO originated from the Intern ...

(WMO) *

World Tourism Organization The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United Nations specialized agency entrusted with the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. Its headquarters are in Madrid, Spain. UNWTO is the leading internati ...

(UNWTO)

Law and order in Turkmenistan

Law of Turkmenistan *

Capital punishment in Turkmenistan Capital punishment in Turkmenistan was originally allowed by Article 20 of the 1992 Constitution, where it was described as "an exceptional punishment for the heaviest of crimes". In December 1999, a presidential decree abolished capital punishmen ...

* Constitution of Turkmenistan * Human rights in Turkmenistan ** LGBT rights in Turkmenistan ** Freedom of religion in Turkmenistan *

Law enforcement in Turkmenistan Law enforcement in Turkmenistan is carried out by the Interior Ministry and the Ministry of National Security (KNB). The Interior Ministry commands the 25,000 personnel of the national police force directly, while the KNB deals with intelligence ...

** Corruption in Turkmenistan **

Human trafficking in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a source country for women subjected to human trafficking, specifically forced prostitution and for men in forced labor. Women from Turkmenistan are subjected to forced prostitution in Turkey. Men and women from Turkmenistan are su ...

** Ministry of Internal Affairs (Turkmenistan) ** Polygamy in Turkmenistan ** Prostitution in Turkmenistan * Supreme Court of Turkmenistan * Turkmen nationality law

Military of Turkmenistan

Military of Turkmenistan *Command ** Commander-in-chief:

*Forces * Armed Forces of Turkmenistan * Chief of the General Staff (Turkmenistan) *

Ministry of Defense (Turkmenistan) The Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan ( Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Goranmak ministrligi) is a government agency under the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan which is the executive body in implementing defense policies in Turkmenistan. The current Mini ...

* State Border Service of Turkmenistan * State Security Council of Turkmenistan *

Turkmen Air Force The Turkmen Air Force ( tk, Türkmen Howa Güýçleri) is the air force branch of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan. It was formed from former Soviet Air Forces units within that region of the Turkestan Military District. The Turkmen Air Force in ...

* Turkmen Ground Forces * Turkmen Internal Troops *

Turkmen National Guard The National Guard of Turkmenistan ( Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Milli Garawul) is an elite branch of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan stationed in Ashgabat. It is one of three types of paramilitary forces in the country, with the other two being the ...

* Turkmen Naval Forces

Local government in Turkmenistan

History of Turkmenistan

History of Turkmenistan The history of Turkmenistan traditionally began with the arrival of Indo-European Iranian tribes around 2000 BC. Early tribes were nomadic or semi-nomadic due to the arid conditions of the region that prevented widespread adoption of agricultur ...

Culture of Turkmenistan

Culture of Turkmenistan * Cuisine of Turkmenistan * Languages of Turkmenistan * Media in Turkmenistan * National symbols of Turkmenistan **

Coat of arms of Turkmenistan A coat typically is an outer garment for the upper body as worn by either gender for warmth or fashion. Coats typically have long sleeves and are open down the front and closing by means of buttons, zippers, hook-and-loop fasteners, toggles, a ...

** Flag of Turkmenistan ** National anthem of Turkmenistan * People of Turkmenistan * Prostitution in Turkmenistan *

Public holidays in Turkmenistan Public Holidays in Turkmenistan are laid out in the Constitution of Turkmenistan, It acts as a list of nationally recognized public holidays in the country. Main public holidays * New Year's Day (January 1) * International Women's Day (March 8) ...

Religion in Turkmenistan The Turkmen of Turkmenistan, like their kin in Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Iran are predominantly Muslims. According the U.S. Department of State's ''International Religious Freedom Report'' for 2019,According to U.S. government estimates, the ...

** Buddhism in Turkmenistan ** Christianity in Turkmenistan **

Islam in Turkmenistan According to a 2009 Pew Research Center report, 93.1% of Turkmenistan's population is Muslim. Traditionally, the Turkmen of Turkmenistan, like their kin in Uzbekistan are Sunni Muslims. Shia Muslims, the other main branch of Islam, are not numer ...

Art and Culture in Turkmenistan

Cinema of Turkmenistan The cinema of Turkmenistan dates back to the 1920s, when the country was within the Soviet Union. Since independence in 1991, Turkmenistan has had the most limited film production industry of any Central Asian state. History Early years - 1920s an ...

* Music of Turkmenistan *

Television in Turkmenistan In Turkmenistan, television has been operating for over 50 years and is subject to vigorous state censorship. Notorious for a totalitarian control on media, Turkmenistan has consistently occupied one among the last three spots of the annual Press F ...

* Turkmen carpet *

Turkmen cuisine Turkmen cuisine, the cuisine of Turkmenistan, is similar to that of the rest of Central Asia. ''Plov'' (pilaf) is the staple, everyday food, which is also served at celebrations. It consists of chunks of mutton, carrots and rice fried in a larg ...

Turkmen language Turkmen (, , , or , , , ), sometimes referred to as "Turkmen Turkic" or "Turkmen Turkish", is a Turkic language spoken by the Turkmens of Central Asia, mainly of Turkmenistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. It has an estimated 5 million native speake ...

Turkmen literature Turkmen literature ( tk, Türkmen edebiýaty) comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Old Oghuz Turkic and Turkmen languages. The Turkmens are direct descendants of the Oghuz Turks, who were a western Turkic people, who formed the ...

Sports in Turkmenistan

* Football in Turkmenistan **

Turkmenistan national football team The Turkmenistan national football team ( tk, Türkmenistanyň milli futbol ýygyndysy) represents Turkmenistan in men's international football and it is controlled by the Football Federation of Turkmenistan, the governing body for football in ...

Ice hockey in Turkmenistan Ice hockey is a minor sport that is gaining popularity in Turkmenistan. History Ice hockey never gained popularity in independent post- Soviet Turkmenistan until the president Saparmurat Niyazov ordered the construction of an Ice Palace in the de ...

** Turkmenistan men's national ice hockey team *

Turkmenistan at the Olympics Turkmenistan has competed in seven Games of the Olympiad, first appearing in 1996. They have never competed in the Olympic Winter Games and are the only post-Soviet state not to have competed in them. Turkmenistan is also the northernmost coun ...

Economy and infrastructure of Turkmenistan

Economy of Turkmenistan * Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 83rd (eighty-third) * Agriculture in Turkmenistan *

Communications in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan has a state-controlled press and monitored communication systems. Turkmenistan's telecommunications services are considered to be the least developed of all the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS) countries. Overall, the telecom ...

** Internet in Turkmenistan *Companies of Turkmenistan * Currency of Turkmenistan: Manat ** ISO 4217: TMT * Energy in Turkmenistan * Health care in Turkmenistan * Tourism in Turkmenistan *

Transport in Turkmenistan Transport in Turkmenistan includes roadways, railways, airways, seaways, and waterways, as well as oil-, gas-, and water pipelines. Road-, rail-, and waterway transport fall under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Communications. Du ...

** Airports in Turkmenistan ** Rail transport in Turkmenistan

Education in Turkmenistan

Education in Turkmenistan The Ministry of Education of Turkmenistan is responsible for Education in Turkmenistan at all levels. History Turkmenistan has 11 years of formal secondary education. Higher education now lasts 5 years. In 2007, there were 1 million children att ...

Health in Turkmenistan

References

External links

Turkmenistan government information portalMusic of TurkmenistanThe Turkmenistan Project
- weekly news and analysis in English and Russian
CIA FactbookOfficial photo gallery from Turkmenistan and AshgabatLargest Photo gallery of Turkmenistan and AshgabatPhoto Gallery from Turkmenistan
(in German)
All schools of Turkmenistan

BBC News country profileView Ashgabat, Dashoguz, and Mary on Google EarthTurkmenistan Music and VideosTurkmenistan-News Forum Chat. Search file TurkmenistanTurkmenistan Oil and Gas InformationTurkmenistan SocialTurkmenistan BlogsTurkmen-English DictionaryTurkmenistan NewsTurkmen literature, poems, poetry, articles
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