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The following Outline (list), outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to alchemy:
Alchemy – A philosophical tradition recognized as protoscience, that includes the application of Hermetic principles, and practices related to mythology, religion, and spirituality.
*Alchemical elements – Primarily the four Classical elements of:
** Fire (classical element)
** Water (classical element)
** Earth (classical element)
** Air (classical element)
** For variations see: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy), Wu Xing • Mahābhūta • Five elements (Japanese philosophy)
*Alchemy in art and entertainment
*Alkahest
*Anima mundi
*Chrysopoeia
*Filius philosophorum
*Takwin
**Homunculus
*Philosopher's stone
**Cintamani
**Elixir of life
**Panacea (medicine), Panacea
*Prima materia
**Yliaster
*Septenary of the seven metals and Classical planets in Western alchemy
** Lead • tin • copper • iron • mercury (element), mercury • silver • gold
** Saturn • Jupiter • Venus • Mars • mercury (planet), Mercury • Moon • Sun
*Tria Prima (three primes)
** Salt • mercury (element), mercury • sulfur
** Human body, Body • soul • Spirit (animating force), spirit
*Unity of opposites or ''coincidentia oppositorum''
**Hieros Gamos
**Rebis
Alchemical symbol –
1. Glyphs
*AGLA
*Monas Hieroglyphica
2. Imagery
*Suns in alchemy
*Undine (alchemy)
3. Visual Symbolism
*Porta Alchemica
*Serpent (symbolism)
**Caduceus
**Ouroboros
**Nehushtan
*Biological transmutation
*Chemistry
*Historicism
*Nuclear transmutation
*Obsolete scientific theories
*Physics
*Scientific method
*Synthesis of noble metals
The most influential names in the history of alchemy include:
*Hermes Trismegistus – by tradition, the founder of Western alchemy; many alchemical works were Hermetica, attributed to him.
*Wei Boyang – authored the earliest known book on theoretical alchemy in China.
*Pseudo-Democritus – anonymous author of the oldest extant works of Greco-Egyptian alchemy.
*Zosimos of Panopolis – influential Greco-Egyptian alchemist.
*Calid, Khālid ibn Yazīd – credited with introducing alchemy to the Islamic world.
*Sirr al-khaliqa, Pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana – earliest known source of the sulfur-mercury theory of metals and the ''Emerald Tablet''.
*Jābir ibn Hayyān – notable for the theory of the balance (''ʿilm al-mīzān''), the theory of artificial generation (takwin, ''ʿilm al-takwīn''), and a general emphasis on experimental science.
**Pseudo-Geber – later Latin alchemist who wrote the influential ''Summa perfectionis''.
*Roger Bacon – staunch proponent of the use of alchemy.
*Paracelsus – developer of iatrochemistry.
*Robert Boyle – alchemist critical of Paracelsus, credited as the father of modern chemistry.
*Mary Anne Atwood – key figure in the occult revival of alchemy.
*Carl Jung – merged alchemy and psychoanalytic thought.
SHAC: Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry
ESSWE: European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism
Association for the Study of Esotericism
The Alchemy Website.
– Adam McLean's online collections and academic discussion.
Inner Garden Alchemy Research Group: a non-profit foundation that aims to transmit the alchemical tradition.
*
''Dictionary of the History of Ideas'':
Alchemy
– A digital exhibition from th
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University
{{Outline footer Alchemy, Outlines of society, Alchemy Wikipedia outlines, Alchemy
Branches
*Alchemy and chemistry in medieval Islam *Chinese Alchemy **Neidan **Processing (Chinese materia medica) *Iatrochemistry **Spagyric *New Age *Psychoanalysis **Analytical psychology ***Individuation **Metacognition *RasayanaInfluences
Influences upon alchemy – alchemy developed dependent on a number of influences and experienced regional and period-specific variations: *Aristotelianism *Esotericism **Western Esotericism ***Esoteric Christianity *Gnosticism *Hermeticism *Humorism *Metallurgy **History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent *Platonism **Neoplatonism *Pseudoscience *Pythagoreanism *Taoism *StoicismRelated fields
*Anthroposophy *Astrology *Ayurveda *Homeopathy *Kayaku-Jutsu *magic (paranormal), Magic, Magick (Aleister Crowley), magick *Moxibustion *Tay al-Ard *Yoga NidraConcepts
*Alchemical elements – Primarily the four Classical elements of:
** Fire (classical element)
** Water (classical element)
** Earth (classical element)
** Air (classical element)
** For variations see: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy), Wu Xing • Mahābhūta • Five elements (Japanese philosophy)
*Alchemy in art and entertainment
*Alkahest
*Anima mundi
*Chrysopoeia
*Filius philosophorum
*Takwin
**Homunculus
*Philosopher's stone
**Cintamani
**Elixir of life
**Panacea (medicine), Panacea
*Prima materia
**Yliaster
*Septenary of the seven metals and Classical planets in Western alchemy
** Lead • tin • copper • iron • mercury (element), mercury • silver • gold
** Saturn • Jupiter • Venus • Mars • mercury (planet), Mercury • Moon • Sun
*Tria Prima (three primes)
** Salt • mercury (element), mercury • sulfur
** Human body, Body • soul • Spirit (animating force), spirit
*Unity of opposites or ''coincidentia oppositorum''
**Hieros Gamos
**Rebis
Processes
Magnum opus (alchemy), Magnum opus – great work of alchemy consisting of: *Nigredo *Albedo (alchemy), Albedo *Citrinitas (sometimes excluded) *Rubedo Alchemists also engaged in practical and symbolic processes including: *Calcination *Ceration *Cohobation *Congelation *Digestion (alchemy), Digestion *Distillation *Fermentation (biochemistry), Fermentation *Filtration *Fixation (alchemy), Fixation *Multiplication (alchemy), Multiplication *Projection (alchemy), Projection *Solution (chemistry), Solution *Sublimation (phase transition), SublimationSymbolism
Alchemical symbol –
1. Glyphs
*AGLA
*Monas Hieroglyphica
2. Imagery
*Suns in alchemy
*Undine (alchemy)
3. Visual Symbolism
*Porta Alchemica
*Serpent (symbolism)
**Caduceus
**Ouroboros
**Nehushtan
Scientific connections
*Biological transmutation
*Chemistry
*Historicism
*Nuclear transmutation
*Obsolete scientific theories
*Physics
*Scientific method
*Synthesis of noble metals
Substances of the alchemists
*phosphorus • sulfur, sulfur (sulphur) • arsenic • antimony *vitriol • quartz • cinnabar • pyrites • orpiment • galena *magnesium oxide, magnesia • calcium oxide, lime • potash • natron • Potassium nitrate, saltpetre • kohl (cosmetics), kohl *ammonia • ammonium chloride • Ethanol, alcohol • camphor *sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid (sulphuric acid) • hydrochloric acid • nitric acid • acetic acid • formic acid • citric acid • tartaric acid *aqua regia • gunpowder *blue vitriol • green vitriol • vinegar • salt List of alchemical substances, more...Apparatus
Stills *Alembic *Retort **Retort stand Vessels *Aludel *Crucible **Hessian crucible *Cupellation#Cupels, Cupels *Mortar and pestle Heating devices *Athanor *Bain-marie *Sand bathAlchemy organizations
*Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica *European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism *Freemasonry *RosicrucianismAlchemical texts
*Axiom of Maria *''Alchemical Studies'' (Carl Jung) *''Aurora consurgens'' *''Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit'' *''Cantong qi'' *''Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz'' *''Hermetica'' **''Emerald Tablet'' **Sirr al-khaliqa, ''Sirr al-khalīqa'' ("The Secret of Creation") *''The Hermetical Triumph'' *''Fasciculus Chemicus'' *''Musaeum Hermeticum'' *''Mutus Liber'' *''Rosary of the Philosophers'' *''Splendor Solis'' *''Theatrum Chemicum'' *''Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum'' *''The Mirror of Alchimy'' *''Turba Philosophorum''Journals
*''Ambix'' *''Aries (journal), Aries'' *''Early Science and Medicine'' *''Isis (journal), Isis''Alchemists
The most influential names in the history of alchemy include:
*Hermes Trismegistus – by tradition, the founder of Western alchemy; many alchemical works were Hermetica, attributed to him.
*Wei Boyang – authored the earliest known book on theoretical alchemy in China.
*Pseudo-Democritus – anonymous author of the oldest extant works of Greco-Egyptian alchemy.
*Zosimos of Panopolis – influential Greco-Egyptian alchemist.
*Calid, Khālid ibn Yazīd – credited with introducing alchemy to the Islamic world.
*Sirr al-khaliqa, Pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana – earliest known source of the sulfur-mercury theory of metals and the ''Emerald Tablet''.
*Jābir ibn Hayyān – notable for the theory of the balance (''ʿilm al-mīzān''), the theory of artificial generation (takwin, ''ʿilm al-takwīn''), and a general emphasis on experimental science.
**Pseudo-Geber – later Latin alchemist who wrote the influential ''Summa perfectionis''.
*Roger Bacon – staunch proponent of the use of alchemy.
*Paracelsus – developer of iatrochemistry.
*Robert Boyle – alchemist critical of Paracelsus, credited as the father of modern chemistry.
*Mary Anne Atwood – key figure in the occult revival of alchemy.
*Carl Jung – merged alchemy and psychoanalytic thought.
See also
* Outline of chemistry * Outline of medicineExternal links
SHAC: Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry
ESSWE: European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism
Association for the Study of Esotericism
The Alchemy Website.
– Adam McLean's online collections and academic discussion.
Inner Garden Alchemy Research Group: a non-profit foundation that aims to transmit the alchemical tradition.
*
''Dictionary of the History of Ideas'':
Alchemy
– A digital exhibition from th
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University
{{Outline footer Alchemy, Outlines of society, Alchemy Wikipedia outlines, Alchemy