Ossip (Yosef) Klarwein (6 February 1893 – 9 September 1970) was a Polish-born German-Israeli architect who designed many works in

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...

and

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

. Between 1921 and 1933 he was employed with

Johann Friedrich Höger Johann Friedrich (Fritz) Höger (12 June 1877 – 21 June 1949) was a German architect from Bekenreihe, Steinburg, Schleswig-Holstein in Northern Germany. Although never qualified as an architect, he became known for his Brick Expressionis ...

, and became chief design architect. Klarwein was an important representative of Northern German

Brick Expressionism The term Brick Expressionism (german: Backsteinexpressionismus) describes a specific variant of Expressionist architecture that uses bricks, tiles or clinker bricks as the main visible building material. Buildings in the style were erected mos ...

and of modern architecture in Israel.Myra Warhaftig ( he, מירה ווארהפטיג): ''They laid the foundation stone. German-Jewish architect's life and work in Palestine 1918-1948.'' Wasmuth, Berlin / Tübingen 1996, , P. 294-295. ( de).

Life

Germany

Klarwein was born in

Warsaw, Poland Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officiall ...

. His father Menachem Klarwein was a Hebrew teacher and a Zionist. As Jews, the family immigrated to Germany because of the anti-Semitism growing in Poland and Russia after the failed

revolution of 1905 The Russian Revolution of 1905,. also known as the First Russian Revolution,. occurred on 22 January 1905, and was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire. The mass unrest was directed again ...

in the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...

. Klarwein studied architecture at the

Technical University of Munich The Technical University of Munich (TUM or TU Munich; german: Technische Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Germany. It specializes in engineering, technology, medicine, and applied science, applied and Natural sci ...

from 1917-1919, but he was not awarded a university degree. In 1920, he studied with

Hans Poelzig Hans Poelzig (30 April 1869 – 14 June 1936) was a German architect, painter and set designer. Life Poelzig was born in Berlin in 1869 to Countess Clara Henrietta Maria Poelzig while she was married to George Acland Ames, an Englishman. Uncert ...

in the master's studio for architecture of the

Prussian Academy of Arts The Prussian Academy of Arts (German: ''Preußische Akademie der Künste'') was a state arts academy first established in Berlin, Brandenburg, in 1694/1696 by prince-elector Frederick III, in personal union Duke Frederick I of Prussia, and la ...

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitu ...

. In 1921, Klarwein joined the architectural firm of

Fritz Höger Fritz originated as a German nickname for Friedrich, or Frederick (''Der Alte Fritz'', and ''Stary Fryc'' were common nicknames for King Frederick II of Prussia and Frederick III, German Emperor) as well as for similar names including Fridolin ...

Hamburg Hamburg (, ; nds, label=Hamburg German, Low Saxon, Hamborg ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (german: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg; nds, label=Low Saxon, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),. is the List of cities in Germany by popul ...

. Höger's office grew considerably in these years with increasing work orders, requiring additional personnel.Susan (Sheila) Hattis Rolef: ''משכן הכנסת בגבעת רם: תכנון ובנייה.'' In: ''קתדרה'', Band 96 (July 2000), English
"The Competition and its Results, mid-1956 to mid-1958"
auf
''Knesset English Homepage''
retrieved 11 April 2015 . Klarwein's designs were at the time published under Höger's name.Ernst-Erik Pfannschmid
Letter to Eckhardt (Ekhart) Berckenhagen of 29 June 1977
(PDF; 25 kB) at the time of the exhibition on the occasion of the 100th birthday of Höger's in the Art Library of the

Berlin State Museums The Berlin State Museums (german: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin) are a group of institutions in Berlin, Germany, comprising seventeen museums in five clusters, several research institutes, libraries, and supporting facilities. They are oversee ...

(in German). Höger said that Klarwein was "one of the very best" employees. Between 1930 and 1933 Klarwein supervised the construction of the brick expressionist Church at Hohenzollernplatz following his designs in Berlin.

Mandatory Palestine / Israel

PikiWiki Israel 10233 the funds house in haifa

In 1934, Klarwein emigrated with his non-Jewish wife Elsa (née Kühne), an opera singer, and their son Mati during the

Fifth Aliyah The Fifth Aliyah ( he, העלייה החמישית, ''HaAliyah HaHamishit'') refers to the fifth wave of the Jewish immigration to Palestine from Europe and Asia between the years 1929 and 1939, with the arrival of 225,000 to 300,000 Jews. The F ...

to the

British Mandate of Palestine British Mandate of Palestine or Palestine Mandate most often refers to: * Mandate for Palestine: a League of Nations mandate under which the British controlled an area which included Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan. * Mandatory P ...

, because they saw no future in

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

. Klarwein changed his first name from the Slavic name variant Ossip to the Hebrew form Yosseph. In

Haifa Haifa ( he, חֵיפָה ' ; ar, حَيْفَا ') is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropol ...

, Klarwein became an independent architect. Most of his works are public and commercial buildings, as well as development plans for cities and neighborhoods scattered throughout

. Klarwein's original design for the

Knesset The Knesset ( he, הַכְּנֶסֶת ; "gathering" or "assembly") is the unicameral legislature of Israel. As the supreme state body, the Knesset is sovereign and thus has complete control of the entirety of the Israeli government (wit ...

building unanimously won the 1957 architecture competition, and he continued to work on the project until completion, but some modifications were made to the plans. He designed with Richard Kauffmann and Heinz Rau, the campus of the

Hebrew University The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; he, הַאוּנִיבֶרְסִיטָה הַעִבְרִית בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם) is a public university, public research university based in Jerusalem, Israel. Co-founded by Albert Einstein ...

.Lotte Cohn: ''Richard Kauffmann, Architect and City Planner.'' ichard Kauffmann: Architekt und Stadtplaner (de.), Jerusalem: Brief an Bath-Scheva Kauffmann, 1978; English. Monika Iacovacci (Übs.), auf
''Richard Kauffmann: Architect and Town Planner – Biography''
Retrieved 11 April 2015.

Works

* Church at Hohenzollernplatz, Berlin (1931–1933) * Wichernkirche,

Hamm Hamm (, Latin: ''Hammona'') is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area. As of 2016 its population was 179,397. The city is situated between the A1 motorway and A2 motorway. Hamm railwa ...

, Hamburg (1933–1934) * Qranot House,

Hadar HaCarmel Hadar HaCarmel ( he, הדר הכרמל lit. "''Splendor of the Carmel''"; or simply known as the neighbourhood of Hadar he, שכונת הדר, الهدار in Arabic) is a district of Haifa, Israel. Located on the northern slope of Mount Carmel be ...

, Haifa (1936) * Zina Disengoff's tomb,

Trumpeldor cemetery Trumpeldor Cemetery ( he, בית הקברות טרומפלדור), often referred to as the "Old Cemetery," is a historic cemetery on Trumpeldor Street in Tel Aviv, Israel. The cemetery covers 10.6 acres, and contains approximately 5,000 graves. ...

, Tel Aviv (1937) *

Shaul Tchernichovsky Shaul Tchernichovsky ( he, שאול טשרניחובסקי) or Saul Gutmanovich Tchernichovsky (russian: link=no, Саул Гутманович Черниховский; 20 August 1875 – 14 October 1943) was a Russian-born Hebrew poet. He is c ...

's tomb, Trumpeldor cemetery, Tel Aviv (1945) * Kiryat HaMemshala (Government complex), Jerusalem, with Richard Kauffmann and Heinz Rau (1950) *

Mount Herzl Mount Herzl ( he, הַר הֶרְצְל ''Har Hertsl''), also ''Har ha-Zikaron'' ( lit. "Mount of Remembrance"), is the site of Israel's national cemetery and other memorial and educational facilities, found on the west side of Jerusalem beside ...

and

Theodor Herzl Theodor Herzl; hu, Herzl Tivadar; Hebrew name given at his brit milah: Binyamin Ze'ev (2 May 1860 – 3 July 1904) was an Austro-Hungarian Jewish lawyer, journalist, playwright, political activist, and writer who was the father of modern po ...

's tomb, Jerusalem (1951) *

Hebrew University of Jerusalem The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; he, הַאוּנִיבֶרְסִיטָה הַעִבְרִית בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם) is a public research university based in Jerusalem, Israel. Co-founded by Albert Einstein and Dr. Chaim Weiz ...

Givat Ram Givat Ram ( he, גִּבְעַת רָם) is a neighborhood in central Jerusalem. It is the site of Kiryat HaMemshala (Hebrew: קריית הממשלה, ''lit.'' Government complex), which includes many of Israel's most important national instituti ...

campus master plan (1953) * Dagon granaries, Haifa (1953–1966) * The

, Jerusalem (1956–1966) together with Shimon Powsner,

Dov Karmi Dov Karmi ( he, דב כרמי; ‎1905 – 14 May 1962) was a renowned architect of Mandate Palestine and Israel. Biography Dov Karmi was born in 1905, the son of Hannah and Sholom Weingarten, in Zhvanets, Russian Empire. In 1921 the Wein ...

Ram Karmi Ram Karmi ( he, רם כרמי; 1931 – 11 April 2013) was an Israeli architect. He was head of the Tel Aviv-based Ram Karmi Architects company, and is known for his Brutalist style. Biography Ram Karmi was born in Jerusalem. His father was archit ...

, Bill Gillitt, and Dora Gad (interior design) * Israeli pavilion at the Brussels World’s Fair (1958) *

Beit Zvi Beit Zvi School for the Performing Arts, and a Theater ( he, בית צבי) is an acting school, and a theater located in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat Gan, Israel, established in 1950. History Beit Zvi is the country's first theater school ...

, Ramat Gan * Tel Aviv Savidor Central railway station, Tel Aviv * The old Jerusalem central bus station, Jerusalem (demolished)

References

External links

Ossip Klarwein in the Commons

* ttps://www.knesset.gov.il/birthday/eng/KnessetBuilding1_eng.htm The Knesset Building - Architectural Highlightsby Dr. Susan Hattis Rolef {{DEFAULTSORT:Klarwein, Ossip 1893 births 1970 deaths 19th-century Polish Jews Jewish architects Architects from Warsaw Architects in Mandatory Palestine Israeli architects Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine 20th-century German architects