Ontario Highway 41
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King's Highway 41, commonly referred to as Highway 41, is a provincially maintained highway in the
Canadian province Within the geographical areas of Canada, the ten provinces and three territories are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North ...
of
Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...
. The highway travels in a predominantly north–south direction across
eastern Ontario Eastern Ontario (census population 1,763,186 in 2016) (french: Est de l'Ontario) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario which lies in a wedge-shaped area between the Ottawa River and St. Lawrence River. It s ...
, from Highway 7 in
Kaladar Kaladar is a compact rural community and unincorporated area in the municipality of Addington Highlands, Lennox and Addington County in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It is located at the junction of Ontario Highway 7 and Ontario Highway 41. To the nor ...
to Highway 148 in Pembroke. The majority of this distance crosses through a rugged forested region known as Mazinaw Country. However, the route enters the agricultural
Ottawa Valley The Ottawa Valley is the valley of the Ottawa River, along the boundary between Eastern Ontario and the Outaouais, Quebec, Canada. The valley is the transition between the Saint Lawrence Lowlands and the Canadian Shield. Because of the surroundi ...
near Dacre. A significant portion of Highway41 follows the historic Addington Colonization Road, built in 1854. Highway41 was first assumed in 1935, though ironically the initial route is no longer part of the highway. It was extended north to meet the eastern terminus of Highway 60 at Golden Lake in 1937. The following year, a southern discontinuous section of the highway was established north from Picton in Prince Edward County. A series of changes in 1957 extended Highway60 east to
Renfrew Renfrew (; sco, Renfrew; gd, Rinn Friù) is a town west of Glasgow in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. It is the historic county town of Renfrewshire. Called the "Cradle of the Royal Stewarts" for its early link with Scotland's former ...
and Highway41 north to Pembroke; this established a concurrency of the two highways through
Eganville Eganville is a community occupying a deep limestone valley carved at the Fifth Chute of the Bonnechere River in Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada. Eganville lies within the township of Bonnechere Valley. Eganville is also known as the Ordovician ...
, which remains to this day. At its greatest length, Highway41 travelled from Highway 2 in
Napanee Greater Napanee is a town in Eastern Ontario, southeastern Ontario, Canada, approximately west of Kingston, Ontario, Kingston and the county seat of Lennox and Addington County. It is located on the eastern end of the Bay of Quinte. Greater Nap ...
north to Highway 17 and Highway 62 in Pembroke, a distance of , including the discontinuous southern section. The Prince Edward County section was renumbered as Highway 49 in 1965 in anticipation of the building of the Quinte Skyway, while the original section, between Highway2 and Highway7, was transferred to
Lennox and Addington County Lennox and Addington County is a county and census division of the Canadian province of Ontario. The county seat is Greater Napanee. It is located in the subregion of Southern Ontario named Eastern Ontario. Around the middle of the 19th century, t ...
in 1998, and is now County Road41.


Route description

Highway41 is a highway that travels in a north–south direction from Highway7 in Kaladar to Highway148 in Pembroke. The majority of this distance crosses through a rugged forested region of Eastern Ontario known as Mazinaw Country. However, the route enters the Ottawa Valley at a point between Dacre and Eganville; north of there the land use surrounding the highway becomes partially agricultural. Traffic levels along Highway41, in 2016, were highest near Pembroke, where approximately 5,300vehicles travelled the road on an average day. Volumes are lowest through the Mazinaw Country portion of the route, between
Bon Echo Provincial Park Bon Echo Provincial Park is a provincial park in southeastern Ontario, Canada, approximately north of Cloyne within the township boundaries of both Addington Highlands and North Frontenac. Bon Echo features several lakes, including part of Maz ...
and Eganville, where less than 2,000, and as few as 1,300vehicles, travel the highway on an average day. With the exception of a few short
passing lane A passing lane (North American English) or overtaking lane (English outside of North America) is a lane on a multi-lane highway or motorway closest to the median of the road (the central reservation). In some countries, lanes are described as bein ...
s, the entire length of the highway is two lanes wide. Two locations along Highway41 are maintained under a
Connecting Link The Connecting Link program is a provincial subsidy provided to municipalities to assist with road construction, maintenance and repairs in the Canadian province of Ontario. Roads which are designated as ''connecting links'' form the portions of ...
agreement between the
Ministry of Transportation of Ontario The Ministry of Transportation (MTO) is the provincial ministry of the Government of Ontario that is responsible for transport infrastructure and related law in Ontario. The ministry traces its roots back over a century to the 1890s, when the pro ...
(MTO) and the local municipality, in which funding for maintenance is split between the two. These Connecting Links are located through the towns of Eganville and Pembroke, and are and long, respectively. The remainder of the highway is maintained solely by the MTO.


Kaladar – Madawaska River

Highway41 begins in the centre of Lennox and Addington County at Highway7, in the village of Kaladar. The highway once continued south to
Napanee Greater Napanee is a town in Eastern Ontario, southeastern Ontario, Canada, approximately west of Kingston, Ontario, Kingston and the county seat of Lennox and Addington County. It is located on the eastern end of the Bay of Quinte. Greater Nap ...
, but this is now County Road41. It travels north, immediately ascending Kaladar Hill into a swamp-laden, heavily-forested region of the
Canadian Shield The Canadian Shield (french: Bouclier canadien ), also called the Laurentian Plateau, is a geologic shield, a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. It forms the North American Craton (or Laurentia), the anc ...
, roughly following the Addington Colonization Road. After passing through the village of Northbrook, the highway — and more accurately, the original Addington Road — straddle the boundary between Lennox and Addington County and Frontenac County, as well as the
municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
of
Addington Highlands Addington Highlands ( 2016 population 2,323) is a township in central eastern Ontario, Canada, in the County of Lennox and Addington. Bon Echo Provincial Park is located primarily in Addington Highlands. History Addington Highlands was formed i ...
and
North Frontenac North Frontenac is a township in Frontenac County in eastern Ontario, Canada. History North Frontenac was created in 1998 by the amalgamation of three municipalities: the Township of Barrie; the Township of Clarendon and Miller; and the Townshi ...
. It passes through the community of
Cloyne Cloyne () is a small town to the southeast of Midleton in eastern County Cork. It is also a see city of the Anglican (Church of Ireland) Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, while also giving its name to a Roman Catholic diocese. St Colman's Ca ...
, then meets the southernmost point of
Mazinaw Lake Lake Mazinaw is a lake in the Addington Highlands north of Kaladar in Eastern Ontario. The lake is situated on the upper Mississippi River. It has a perimeter of and averages in depth with a maximum depth of , making it the seventh-deepest lake ...
, of which it travels near or along the western shore. The highway enters Bon Echo Provincial Park, which sits near the midpoint of the lake. Within the park is
Mazinaw Rock Mazinaw Rock is a high cliff in the Addington Highlands, just north of Kaladar, south-central Ontario, Canada. It stretches for along Mazinaw Lake, and is a landmark in the Bon Echo Provincial Park that draws the attention of many campers an ...
, a large
pictograph A pictogram, also called a pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto, and in computer usage an icon, is a graphic symbol that conveys its meaning through its pictorial resemblance to a physical object. Pictographs are often used in writing and gr ...
-laden granite rock escarpment, as well as a
National Historic Site of Canada National Historic Sites of Canada (french: Lieux historiques nationaux du Canada) are places that have been designated by the federal Minister of the Environment An environment minister (sometimes minister of the environment or secretary of t ...
. North of the park, Highway41 — now entirely within Lennox and Addington County — continues alongside the northern half of Mazinaw Lake, and thereafter the
Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest drainage system in North America, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. From its traditional source of Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota, it f ...
, to the headwaters of the latter at Mackavoy Lake. Passing through Ferguson Corners, it departs eastward from the Addington Colonization Road. At Vennachar Junction, it turns north, then encounters Highway 28 just east of the town of Denbigh. Meandering northeast from there, the highway roughly parallels Hydes Creek to its confluence with the Madawaska River before curving east into
Renfrew County Renfrew County is a county in the Canadian province of Ontario. It stands on the west bank of the Ottawa River. There are 17 municipalities in the county. History Bathurst District When Carleton County was withdrawn from Bathurst District in 1 ...
. It crosses the river on a multiple-span concrete rigid arch bridge just prior to entering the community of
Griffith Griffith may refer to: People * Griffith (name) * Griffith (surname) * Griffith (given name) Places Antarctica * Mount Griffith, Ross Dependency * Griffith Peak (Antarctica), Marie Byrd Land * Griffith Glacier, Marie Byrd Land * Griffith Rid ...
. This bridge also serves as the downstream end of Lower Madawaska River Provincial Park.


Madawaska River – Pembroke

Beyond Griffith, Highway41 travels through the municipality of
Greater Madawaska Greater Madawaska is an incorporated township in Renfrew County in eastern Ontario, Canada, created on January 1, 2001, through the amalgamation of the Township of Bagot and Blythfield; the Township of Brougham; and the Township of Griffith and M ...
. It winds in a generally northeast direction towards Dacre. However, just west of that community, it descends into the Ottawa Valley and meets Highway 132. At that junction, drivers must turn to remain on Highway41; Highway132 continues through Dacre. The route proceeds north, now in the municipality of Bonnechere Valley, and shortly after passing Constant Lake, straightens towards Eganville. Farmland appears for the first time at the hamlet of Perrault. An intersection with former Highway 512 marks the entrance to Eganville, as well as the beginning of the Connecting Link Agreement through the town. After crossing the
Bonnechere River The Bonnechere River is a river in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin in Nipissing District and Renfrew County in eastern and northeastern Ontario, Canada. Shows the river course highlighted on a topographic map. The river flows from Algonq ...
, it meets Highway60, with both highways becoming
concurrent Concurrent means happening at the same time. Concurrency, concurrent, or concurrence may refer to: Law * Concurrence, in jurisprudence, the need to prove both ''actus reus'' and ''mens rea'' * Concurring opinion (also called a "concurrence"), a ...
northward; the Connecting Link ends at Hartwig Street. Approximately north of Eganville, Highway41 departs from Highway60 and travels eastward through a mixture a farmland and forests within the municipality of
North Algona Wilberforce North Algona Wilberforce is a township municipality in Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada. It has a population of 2,873. The township was formed in 1999 when the North Algona and Wilberforce townships were amalgamated. Wilberforce Township was name ...
. It gradually wraps around the east side of
Lake Doré Lake Doré is a freshwater lake in the township of North Algona-Wilberforce, Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada, about north of the community of Eganville in the neighbouring township of Bonnechere Valley. Geography The lake is about long an ...
, before curving northward. After crossing Snake Creek at the northeastern tip of the lake, the highway travels straight north through forests. It passes through several communities within a short distance, the most significant of which is Rankin. Near its northern end, the route zig-zags into the municipality of
Laurentian Valley Laurentian Valley is a township municipality in Renfrew County in eastern Ontario, Canada. It borders on the Ottawa River, the city of Pembroke and the town of Petawawa. This township was created on January 1, 2000, from the former townships o ...
, then curves northeast to intersect Highway 17 on the outskirts of Pembroke. Within the town, both Highway41 and Highway148 are maintained under a Connecting Link Agreement. Highway41 follows Paul Martin Drive, River Road, and McKay Street through Pembroke before ending just south of the
Ottawa River The Ottawa River (french: Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: ''Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi'') is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word 'to trade', as it was the major trade route of Eastern ...
. The intersection of McKay Street and Pembroke Street serves as the northern terminus of Highway41, as well as the western terminus of Highway148.


History

Although it did not become a provincial highway until the 1930s, the route that Highway41 follows is similar to several colonization roads established in the mid-1800s. These forest-bound "roads", built to encourage settlement deeper into the province, were infamously rough wagon trails during dry times, and impassable quagmires throughout the spring and fall. The Addington Road, which travelled north from the
Clare River Clare may refer to: Places Antarctica * Clare Range, a mountain range in Victoria Land Australia * Clare, South Australia, a town in the Clare Valley * Clare Valley, South Australia Canada * Clare (electoral district), an electoral district * Cl ...
(approximately south of Kaladar) to the
Opeongo Line The colonization roads were created during the 1840s and 1850s to open up or provide access to areas in Central and Eastern Ontario for settlement and agricultural development. The colonization roads were used by settlers to lead them toward areas ...
, would go on to form the nucleus of Highway41 as far north as Denbigh. A rough line for this road was surveyed by Robert Bell in 1847. Construction as far north as the Madawaska River was carried out under the supervision of local surveyor Aylsworth B. Perry between 1854 and 1857. However, until the construction of Highway41, travel through the Addington Highlands and
Opeongo Hills The Opeongo Hills (sometimes called the Opeongo Mountains or Madawaska Highlands, particularly for the easternmost hills) are a range of hills in Southern Ontario, near Algonquin Provincial Park. The hills stretch from Opeongo Lake in Algonquin P ...
was slow and arduous.


Provincial assumption

Highway 41 was first established by the provincial government in the mid-1930s. The first section established is ironically the only section that was decommissioned as a provincial highway in 1998. On May1, 1935, the Department of Highways (DHO) designated the Napanee–Kaladar Road through Lennox and Addington County, a distance of , and numbered it as Highway41. Just over two years later, the route was extended to Highway60 at Golden Lake. The DHO assumed the portion within Lennox and Addington on October6, 1937, followed two weeks later by the portion within Renfrew County on October20. This extended the highway by . Both Highway60 and Highway41 shared a terminus at a junction in Golden Lake from 1948 until 1957, when the Eganville to Pembroke Road was designated as Highway41. The section between Eganville and Golden Lake consequently became an extension of Highway60. Most of Highway41 was an unimproved road prior to 1935. Only two sections were paved: the route through Erinsville — initially following Furlong Road — was paved from Keegans Road south through the village to the cutoff to Tamworth, while the
Selby Selby is a market town and civil parish in the Selby District of North Yorkshire, England, south of York on the River Ouse, with a population at the 2011 census of 14,731. The town was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until ...
Road was paved from Napanee north to Sharps Corners. Paving operations on the route did not begin until the 1940s, starting with the section through Eganville in 1941. In the intermediate years, several new alignments, bypassing the route of the original Addington Road, were graded and opened as gravel roads. Construction of the multi-span Madawaska River Bridge in Griffith began in 1940. It was completed and, along with a bypass east of Denbigh, opened in 1942. Construction of an unpaved diversion at Bon Echo, bypassing the original route along what is now Mazinaw Heights Road, was completed in 1943. Highway41 was paved and realigned from north of Eganville to Golden Lake (along what is now Highway60) in 1944, and from Kaladar to Northbrook in 1945. A section from Erinsville to Kaladar was improved in 1947, as was approximately between Northbrook and Cloyne, and from Dacre to Egansville. Paving and improvements between Cloyne and Dacre were carried out over the next three years: from Denbigh to Dacre in 1948; from Bon Echo to Mackavoy Lake in 1949, and the remaining gaps from Cloyne to Bon Echo and from Mackavoy Lake to Denbigh in 1950. The final gravel section, between Roblin and Erinsville, was paved in 1953.


Prince Edward County

Within Prince Edward County, a southern discontinuous section of Highway41 existed from 1938 to 1965. On April13, 1938, the DHO took over the road between Picton and Cole's Wharf, labelling it as the ''Picton to Napanee Road''. This section never connected directly with Highway41 north of Napanee, as planned; it would eventually be incorporated into the route of Highway49 in the mid-1960s. Travelling north from Picton alongside the Bay of Quinte in Prince Edward County, it followed a similar route to the present-day Prince Edward County Road49, as far as Roblin Mills. From there it curved to follow County Road35. The entire early route was known as the Lower High Shore Road; there was no road directly north from Roblin Mills. Highway41 passed through
Mount Carmel Mount Carmel ( he, הַר הַכַּרְמֶל, Har haKarmel; ar, جبل الكرمل, Jabal al-Karmil), also known in Arabic as Mount Mar Elias ( ar, link=no, جبل مار إلياس, Jabal Mār Ilyās, lit=Mount Saint Elias/Elijah), is a c ...
before ending at Cole's Wharf, where a ferry crossed to Huff's Wharf. County roads continued thereafter to Napanee. The length of this section was . Like the rest of Highway41, this section was unpaved at first. It was paved north from Picton to County Road6 in 1939. Approximately between Picton and Woodville were paved in 1946. The remainder of the southern portion, to Cole's Wharf, was paved by 1948. A span across the Bay of Quinte, which separates most of Prince Edward County from the Ontario mainland, was a significant undertaking that required funding and manpower that was unavailable through the war years. It would take until the 1960s until proposals for a high-level bridge over the waterway gained traction. In November 1964, the first contract for construction on the Quinte Skyway, west of
Deseronto Deseronto is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, in Hastings County, located at the mouth of the Napanee River on the shore of the Bay of Quinte, on the northern side of Lake Ontario. The town was named for Captain John Deseronto, a n ...
, was awarded. The DHO had planned to begin work in September 1962, but funding was unavailable. Severe winter weather prevented work on the contract from proceeding until the spring of 1965, by which time the entire southern section of Highway41 had been renumbered as Highway49. The Quinte Skyway, and a realigned Highway49, were both completed in September 1967, with premier
John Robarts John Parmenter Robarts (January 11, 1917 – October 18, 1982) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 17th premier of Ontario from 1961 to 1971. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario. Early life Roba ...
opening the bridge during a motorcade on September6.


North to Pembroke

Highway41 was extended to Pembroke on April11, 1957, when the road north of Eganville and around Lake Dore was assumed by the DHO. For nearly two decades, the route followed the shoreline of Lake Dore along what is now Point Church Drive. During the mid-1960s, proposals were raised to bypass the majority of the new extension, including both the current route south of Lake Dore, as well as a new route from there to Highway17 that was ultimately never built. The unbuilt bypass would have travelled northeast from Lake Dore, passing near Micksburg and ending mid-way between Cobden and Pembroke. The bypass around Lake Dore was completed between 1978 and 1980. Within Pembroke, Highway41 entered the town as it does today, but curved northwest onto Boundary Road to avoid crossing the Muskrat River. It followed Boundary Road to end at Highway62 (Bruham Avenue). In 1962, the route was redirected to downtown Pembroke via Eganville Road and Christie Street to end at Highway17/62 (Pembroke Street West). This routing remained in place until the Highway17 Pembroke Bypass opened on September10, 1982, after which the current path of Highway41 along Paul Martin Drive, River Road and McKay Street was established. The former route of Highway17 along Pembroke Street was subsequently renumbered as Highway148.


Downloading

As part of a series of budget cuts initiated by premier
Mike Harris Michael Deane Harris (born January 23, 1945) is a Canadian retired politician who served as the 22nd premier of Ontario from 1995 to 2002 and leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (PC Party) from 1990 to 2002. During his time ...
under his
Common Sense Revolution The phrase Common Sense Revolution (CSR) has been used as a political slogan to describe conservative platforms with a main goal of reducing taxes while balancing the budget by reducing the size and role of government. It has been used in places ...
platform in 1995, numerous highways deemed to no longer be of significance to the provincial network were decommissioned and responsibility for the routes transferred to a lower level of government, a process referred to as
downloading In computer networks, download means to ''receive'' data from a remote system, typically a server such as a web server, an FTP server, an email server, or other similar system. This contrasts with uploading, where data is ''sent to'' a remote ...
. On January1, 1998, the section of Highway41 between Highway2 in Napanee and Highway7 in Kaladar was transferred to the county of Lennox and Addington, truncating the highway by .


Major intersections


References


External links


Canada NewsWire Press ReleaseHighway 41 length and route
{{Ontario King's Highways 041