__NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (

Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora Europaea lists 23 species of ''Onobrychis''; the main centre of diversity extends from Central Asia to Iran, with 56 species – 27 of which are endemic – in the latter country alone. '' O. viciifolia'' is naturalized throughout many countries in Europe and North America grasslands on calcareous soils.

Description, ecology and uses

Sainfoins are mostly

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...

plants, but their range extends throughout Europe as far north as southern

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

. These plants grow on grassland, agricultural land and wasteland. The leaves are pinnate, alternate, with 6 to 14 pairs of oblong to linear leaflets. Sainfoins have pale pink flowers, typically blooming between June and September and pollinated by honey bees and

solitary bee Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their roles in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfami ...

s. The rounded single-seeded pods bear prominent spikes or similar protrusions in many species, enabling them to cling to the fur of large mammals and be thus distributed. These highly nutritious plants were an important forage for heavy working horses in agriculture, and are still an excellent source of

nectar Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries or nectarines, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists ...

for honey production as well as

pollen Pollen is a powdery substance produced by seed plants. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophyt ...

for bee food. Because sainfoins are rich in tannins which protect proteins from hydrolysis in the rumen, the proteins are instead absorbed in the abomasum. ''Onobrychis'' typically have a deep taproot and so are very drought resistant, but do not recover well from overgrazing. Adapted to slow but steady growth in the arid

steppe In physical geography, a steppe () is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes. Steppe biomes may include: * the montane grasslands and shrublands biome * the temperate grasslands, ...

belt of Eurasia, sainfoins are difficult to establish as pasture, are not persistent in grassland, and only yield one crop of hay or seeds per year. Thus they are seldom grown in any significant extent, though '' O. viciifolia'' is met with somewhat more regularly. ''Onobrychis'' species are used as food plants by the

caterpillar Caterpillars ( ) are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawflies (suborder Sym ...

s of some

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...

species, such as the

case-bearer __NOTOC__ The Coleophoridae are a family of small moths, belonging to the huge superfamily Gelechioidea. Collectively known as case-bearers, casebearing moths or case moths, this family is represented on all continents, but the majority are found ...

moth '' Coleophora colutella'' (recorded on '' O. saxatilis'') and the

Damon Blue ''Polyommatus damon'', the Damon blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. Subspecies Subspecies include: * ''Polyommatus damon damon'' – (Central and Southern Europe) * ''Polyommatus damon kotshubeji'' (, 1915) – (Transcaucasia) * ' ...

(''Polyommatus damon'') butterfly.

Nutritional benefits and the latest research

Sainfoin provides a superb forage for grazing animals and voluntary intake of sainfoin by cattle and sheep is 20% higher than for grass. Unlike many other legumes, it is non-bloating and is known to have anthelmintic properties, so reducing the problems associated with livestock worms. Sainfoin contains

condensed tannin Condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins, polyflavonoid tannins, catechol-type tannins, pyrocatecollic type tannins, non-hydrolyzable tannins or flavolans) are polymers formed by the condensation of flavans. They do not contain sugar residues. They ...

s, and it is these that protect animals against bloat. Sainfoin has also been shown to increase protein absorption. This, combined with its other health benefits, mean that animals grazing sainfoin have very rapid liveweight gains, so young stock can be finished sooner and with very good carcass grades. Sainfoin is therefore extremely useful to low input and organic farmers. Yields can be very high at around 16t DM per hectare. Methods and research techniques have been studied and developed to look specifically at Sainfoin polyphenols which include tannins and flavonoids. There are significant differences between Sainfoin types and this will lead to further development of Sainfoin plant breeding. One method for improving nitrogen utilisation by ruminants and reduce greenhouse gases (CH, NO), without altering their nitrogen and energy value, is to use forages that contain

s, such as sainfoin. The

nutritive value Nutritional value or nutritive value as part of food quality is the measure of a well-balanced ratio of the Nutrient#Essentiality, essential nutrients carbohydrates, fat, protein, minerals, and vitamins in items of food or Diet (nutrition), diet con ...

of sainfoin, despite its lower nitrogen content than lucerne, is high. Future research, on the nutritional impact of

s is likely not only be based on

content, but also include structure-activity considerations. The results obtained, with sheep at maintenance fed a diet containing only sainfoin will be tested with producing animals, for example growing sheep and cattle, lactating ewes, goats or cows. In producing animals the diet will comprise different forage sources and supplement feeds. Sainfoin is seldom used as a pure crop and is generally introduced in pasture in a grass-legume mix with cocksfoot (''

Dactylis ''Dactylis'' is a genus of Eurasian and North African plants in the bluegrass subfamily within the grass family. ''Dactylis'' is native to North Africa, they are found throughout the world, and are an invasive species. They are known in Englis ...

''), ryegrass (''

Lolium ''Lolium'' is a genus of tufted grasses in the bluegrass subfamily (Pooideae). It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera. They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. ''Lolium'' is ...

'') or with other legumes such as red clover, white clover or lucerne. Results have shown the choice of the variety is important. A variety like Esparcette, characterised by the highest

content, may provide beneficial effects with a lower proportion in a mixture with other legumes. Preserving legumes, as silage, is a good way to provide an on-farm source of home-grown energy and protein, offers advantages over traditional haymaking, being less weather-dependent, and allows a high quality of forage during the harvesting period. In particular, wrapped silage bales of sainfoin have great potential in animal nutrition and can be used by farmers, as found that

effects were not reduced by this mode of preservation.

Etymology

''Onobrychis'' means "devoured by donkeys", from Ancient Greek ''ónos'' (ὄνος, "donkey") and ''brýkein'' (βρύκειν, "to eat greedily"). This refers to sainfoin's good properties as a forage plant for large mammalian

herbivore A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthpart ...

s. ''Sainfoin'' is derived from Old French ''sain foin'' ("healthy hay"). In the words of the 16th-century soil scientist

Olivier de Serres Olivier de Serres (; 1539–1619) was a French author and soil scientist whose '' Théâtre d'Agriculture'' (1600) was the accepted textbook of French agriculture in the 17th century. Biography Serres was born in 1539 at Villeneuve-de-Berg, A ...

"The herb is called ''sain-foin'' in France, in Italy ''herba medica'', in Provence and the Languedoc ''luzerne''. From the inordinate praise the plant has been given, for its medical virtues and for fattening the livestock that graze on it, comes the term ''sain''."

In northern European languages that have been less influenced by

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

, the plants' name usually derives from ''esparceto'', the

Provençal Provençal may refer to: *Of Provence, a region of France * Provençal dialect, a dialect of the Occitan language, spoken in the southeast of France *''Provençal'', meaning the whole Occitan language *Franco-Provençal language, a distinct Roman ...

term for the similar-looking and closely related

sweetvetch ''Hedysarum'' (sweetvetch) is a genus of the botany, botanical family (biology), family Fabaceae, consisting of about 200 species of annual or perennial herbs in Asia, Europe, North Africa, and North America. Description Species within genus '' ...

es (''Hedysarum''). Examples are

Danish Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish ance ...

''esparsette'', Dutch ''esparcette'',

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

''Esparsette'',

Lithuanian Lithuanian may refer to: * Lithuanians * Lithuanian language * The country of Lithuania * Grand Duchy of Lithuania * Culture of Lithuania * Lithuanian cuisine * Lithuanian Jews as often called "Lithuanians" (''Lita'im'' or ''Litvaks'') by other Jew ...

''esparceta'',

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken *Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...

''sparceta'', Russian ''espartset'' (Эспарцет) and

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

''esparsett''. Meanwhile, the

Occitan Occitan may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the Occitania territory in parts of France, Italy, Monaco and Spain. * Something of, from, or related to the Occitania administrative region of France. * Occitan language Occitan (; o ...

name of sainfoin, ''luzerne'', has in many languages come to mean species of the related genus ''

Medicago ''Medicago'' is a genus of flowering plants, commonly known as medick or burclover, in the legume family (Fabaceae). It contains at least 87 species and is distributed mainly around the Mediterranean basin. The best-known member of the genus is ...

'', in particular

Alfalfa Alfalfa () (''Medicago sativa''), also called lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as w ...

(''M. sativa''). The native name of the Cock's Head ('' O. caput-galli'') is one of the few words of the

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

Dacian language that have been recorded. The Dacians called this plant ''aniarsexe'' or ''aniassexie''. In

George Orwell Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic. His work is characterised by lucid prose, social criticism, opposition to totalitar ...

's '' Coming Up for Air'', travelling salesman George Bowling regularly reminisces about the smell of sainfoin in his father's seed shop in Lower Binfield.

List of species

The following species are considered at least provisionally valid by the International Legume Database & Information Service; some notable

subspecies In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species ...

are also listed:ILDIS (2005) Onobrychis seedpods

* ''

Onobrychis acaulis __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Bornm. * '' Onobrychis aequidentata'' (Sm.) d'Urv. * ''

Onobrychis afghanica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Sirj. & Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis alatavica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Bajtenov * ''

Onobrychis alba ''Onobrychis viciifolia'', also known as ''O. sativa'' or common sainfoin () has been an important forage legume in temperate regions until the 1950s. During the Green Revolution it was replaced by high yielding alfalfa and clover species. Due ...

'' (Waldst. & Kit.) Desv. ** ''Onobrychis alba'' ssp. ''calcarea'' (Vandas) P.W.Ball * '' Onobrychis aliacmonia'' Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis altissima __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Grossh. * ''

Onobrychis alyassinicus __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Parsa * ''

Onobrychis amoena __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Popov & Vved. * ''

Onobrychis andalanica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Bornm. * '' Onobrychis angustifolia'' Chinth. (= ''O. petrae sensu auct. fl. Cauc.'') * '' Onobrychis arenaria'' (Kit.) DC. ** ''Onobrychis arenaria'' ssp. ''arenaria'' (= ''O. tanaitica'' Spreng., ''O. viciifolia sensu auct. fl. Ross.'') ** ''Onobrychis arenaria'' ssp. ''sibirica'' (Besser) P.W.Ball (= ''O. tanaitica'' ''sensu auct. non'' Spreng.) ** ''Onobrychis arenaria'' ssp. ''tommasinii'' (Jord.) Asch. & Graebn. * ''

Onobrychis argyrea __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Boiss. (= ''O. ornata'') * '' Onobrychis arnacantha'' Boiss. * '' Onobrychis atropatana'' Boiss. (=? ''O. heterophylla'' ''sensu'' Trautv.) * '' Onobrychis aucheri'' Boiss. * ''

Onobrychis baldshuanica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Sirj. * ''

Onobrychis bertiscea __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Sirj. & Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis bicornis __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Vassilcz. (validity requires confirmation) * ''

Onobrychis biebersteinii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Sirj. (= ''O. sativa'' ''sensu'' Ledeb.) * ''

Onobrychis bobrovii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Grossh. * ''

Onobrychis buhseana __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Boiss. * ''Onobrychis "buhseana"'' Bunge (validity requires confirmation) * '' Onobrychis bungei'' Boiss. * ''

Onobrychis cadevallii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Jahand. ''et al.'' * ''

Onobrychis caput-galli __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' (L.) Lam. Cock's Head * ''

Onobrychis chorassanica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Boiss. (= ''O. circinnata'' ''sensu auct. fl. As. Med. non'' Ledeb., ''O. radiata sensu auct. fl. As. Med., O. vaginalis sensu auct. fl. As. Med.'') * ''

Onobrychis conferta __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' (Desf.) Desv. ** ''Onobrychis conferta'' ssp. ''hispanica'' (Sirj.) Guitt. & Kerguelen * '' Onobrychis cornuta'' (L.) Desv. * ''

Onobrychis crista-galli __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' (L.) Lam. * ''

Onobrychis cyri __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Grossh. (=? ''O. viciaefolia'' ''sensu'' Trautv.) * ''

Onobrychis daghestanica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Grossh. * '' Onobrychis darwasicaa'' Vassilcz. * ''

Onobrychis dealbata __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Stocks * ''

Onobrychis degenii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Dorfl. * ''

Onobrychis depauperata __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Boiss. * ''

Onobrychis dielsii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' (Sirj.) Vassilcz. * ''

Onobrychis ebenoides __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Boiss. & Spruner * ''

Onobrychis echidna __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Lipsky * ''

Onobrychis elymaitiaca __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Boiss. & Hausskn. * '' Onobrychis eubrychidea'' Boiss. * '' Onobrychis fallax'' Freyn & Sint. * ''

Onobrychis ferganica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' (Sirj.) Grossh. * ''

Onobrychis freitagii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis galegifolia __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Boiss. * '' Onobrychis garinensis'' * ''

Onobrychis gaubae __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Bornm. * '' Onobrychis gontscharovii'' Vassilcz. (= ''O. lipskyi'' ''sensu auct. non'' Korovin) * '' Onobrychis gracilis'' Besser (= ''O. longeaculeata'' (Pacz.) Wissjul., ''O. petrae'' ''sensu'' Besser) * '' Onobrychis grandis'' Lipsky * '' Onobrychis grossheimii'' B.Fedtsch. * '' Onobrychis gypsicola'' Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis hajastana __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Grossh. * ''

Onobrychis hamata __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Vassilcz. * ''

Onobrychis haussknechtii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Boiss. * ''

Onobrychis heliocarpa __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Boiss. * '' Onobrychis heterophylla'' C.A.Mey. * ''

Onobrychis hohenackerana __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently ...

'' C.A.Mey. * ''

Onobrychis humilis __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' (Loefl.) G.López ** ''Onobrychis humilis'' ssp. ''humilis'' ** ''Onobrychis humilis'' ssp. ''matritensis'' (Boiss. & Reut.) Greuter & Burdet (= ''O. longeaculeata'' (Boiss.) Pau) * ''

Onobrychis hypargyrea __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Boiss. * ''

Onobrychis iberica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Grossh. * ''

Onobrychis inermis __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Steven * ''

Onobrychis iranica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Bornm. * ''

Onobrychis iranshahrii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Rech.f. * '' Onobrychis jailae'' Czernova * '' Onobrychis kabylica'' (Bornm.) Sirj. * ''

Onobrychis kachetica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Boiss. & Buhse * '' Onobrychis kemulariae'' Chinth. (= ''O. biebersteinii sensu auct. fl. Cauc.'') * '' Onobrychis kermanensis'' (Sirj. & Rech.f.) Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis kluchorica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Chinth. * '' Onobrychis komarovii'' Grossh. * '' Onobrychis kotschyana'' Fenzl * '' Onobrychis lahidjanicus'' Parsa * '' Onobrychis laxiflora'' Baker (=? ''O. schugnanica'') * ''

Onobrychis longipes __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Bunge * ''

Onobrychis lunata __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Boiss. * ''

Onobrychis luristanica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis macrorrhiza __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently ...

'' Rech.f. * '' Onobrychis major'' (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz. * ''

Onobrychis majorovii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Grossh. * ''

Onobrychis mazanderanica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Rech.f. * '' Onobrychis megalobotrys'' Aitch. & Hemsl. (= ''O. vaginalis'' ''sensu auct. non'' C.A.Mey. ''non fl. As. Med.'') * ''

Onobrychis megaloptera __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently ...

'' Kovalevsk. (=? ''O. chorassanica'' ''sensu'' Nikitina) * '' Onobrychis megataphros'' Boiss. * '' Onobrychis melanotricha'' Boiss. (=? ''O. belangeri'', =? ''O. linearis'') * '' Onobrychis mermuelleri'' Podlech & Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis meschetica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Grossh. * ''

Onobrychis michauxii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' DC. * '' Onobrychis micrantha'' Schrenk * ''

Onobrychis microptera __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently ...

'' Baker * '' Onobrychis montana'' DC. * '' Onobrychis nemecii'' Sirj. * ''

Onobrychis nikitinii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Orazm. * ''

Onobrychis novopokrovskii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Vassilcz. * ''

Onobrychis nummularia __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Boiss. * ''

Onobrychis oxyodonta __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Boiss. * ''

Onobrychis oxyptera __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Boiss. * '' Onobrychis oxytropoides'' Bunge * '' Onobrychis pallasii'' (Willd.) M. Bieb. * ''

Onobrychis pallida __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Boiss. & Kotschy * ''

Onobrychis paucidentata __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Pomel (validity requires confirmation) * ''

Onobrychis persica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Sirj. & Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis petraea __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' (Willd.) Fisch. * '' Onobrychis pindicola'' Hausskn. * '' Onobrychis plantago'' Bornm. * ''

Onobrychis poikilantha __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis psoraleifolia __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Boiss. * ''

Onobrychis ptolemaica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' (Delile) DC. * ''

Onobrychis ptychophylla __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Sirj. & Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis pulchella __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Schrenk * '' Onobrychis pyrenaica'' (Sennen) Sirj. * '' Onobrychis radiata'' (Desf.) M.Bieb. (= ''O. circinata'' Ledeb. * ''

Onobrychis rechingerorum __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Wendelbo * ''

Onobrychis reuteri __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently ...

'' Leresche * '' Onobrychis ruprechtii'' Grossh. * ''

Onobrychis samanganica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Rech.f. * '' Onobrychis saravschanica'' B.Fedtsch. (= ''O. amoena'' ''sensu auct. non'' Popov & Vved., ''O. baldshuanica'' ''sensu auct. non'' Sirj., ''O. baldzuanica'' Sirj., ''O. circinata'' ''sensu auct. non'' Ledeb. ''non fl. As. Med.'') * ''

Onobrychis sauzakensis __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Sirj. & Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis saxatilis __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently ...

'' (L.) Lam. * ''

Onobrychis schahuensis __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Bornm. * ''

Onobrychis schuschajensis __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' O.D.Agajeva * '' Onobrychis scrobiculata'' Boiss. * ''

Onobrychis sennenii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently ...

'' Sirj. * ''

Onobrychis shahpurensis __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Rech.f. * '' Onobrychis sintenisii'' Bornm. * ''

Onobrychis sirdjanicus __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Parsa * ''

Onobrychis sojakii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis sphaciotica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Greuter * ''

Onobrychis spinosissima __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Baker * '' Onobrychis splendida'' Rech.f. & Podlech * ''

Onobrychis stenorhiza __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently ...

'' DC. * ''

Onobrychis stewartii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Baker * '' Onobrychis subacaulis'' Boiss. * '' Onobrychis subnitens'' Bornm. * ''

Onobrychis supina __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' (Vill.) DC. * ''

Onobrychis susiana __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Nabelek * '' Onobrychis szovitsii'' Boiss. * '' Onobrychis talagonica'' Rech.f. * ''

Onobrychis tavernieraefolia __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Boiss. * ''

Onobrychis tesquicola __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' Krytzka * '' Onobrychis tournefortii'' (Willd.) Desv. * ''

Onobrychis transcaspica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' V.V.Nikitin * ''

Onobrychis transcaucasica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Grossh. * ''

Onobrychis transsilvanica __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' * ''

Onobrychis vaginalis __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' C.A.Mey. * ''

Onobrychis vassilczenkoi __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Grossh. * ''

Onobrychis verae __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flora ...

'' Sirj. (= ''O. lipskyi'' Korovin) * ''

Onobrychis venosa ''Onobrychis venosa'', veined sainfoin is a perennial, spreading or suberect herb 10–25 cm high, with a short stem. Leaves alternate, compound, imparipinnate, leaflets ovoid to suborbicular 10-40 x 5–30 mm with characteristic bronz ...

'' (Desf).Desv. * ''

Onobrychis viciifolia ''Onobrychis viciifolia'', also known as ''O. sativa'' or common sainfoin () has been an important forage legume in temperate regions until the 1950s. During the Green Revolution it was replaced by high yielding alfalfa and clover species. Due t ...

'' Scop. (= ''O. sativa'' Lam.) * ''

Onobrychis wettsteinii __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flo ...

'' Nabelek

Footnotes

References

* International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS) (2005
Genus ''Onobrychis''
Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2009-JAN-26. * Muẓaffariyān, Valī Allāh (1996) ''Farhang-i nāmhā-yi giyāhān-i Īrān: Lātīnī, Inglīsī, Fārsī'' A dictionary of Iranian plant names: Latin, English, Persian" Tehran: Farhang-i Muʻāṣir

n Persian with Latin and English names N, or n, is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''. History ...

* Hayot Carbonero, C., Mueller-Harvey, I., Smith, L., Brown, T. A review of a beneficial forage, ''Plant Genetic Resources: Utilization and Characterization'' 2011, 9, 70–85. * Stringano, E., Hayot Carbonero, C., Smith, L.M.J., Brown, R.H., Mueller-Harvey, I. Proanthocyanidin diversity in the EU 'Healthy Hay' sainfoin (''Onobrychis viciifolia'') germplasm collection ''Phytochemistry'' 2012, 77, 197–208. * Niderkorn, V., Mueller-Harvey, I., Le Morvan, A., Aufrère, J. Synergistic effects of mixing cocksfoot and sainfoin on ''in vitro'' rumen fermentation. Role of condensed tannins. ''Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.'' 2012, 178, 48–56. * Theodoridou, K., Aufrère, J., Andueza, D., Le Morvan, A., Picard, F., Stringano, E., Pourrat, J., Mueller-Harvey, I., Baumont, R. Effect of plant development during first and second growth cycle on chemical composition, condensed tannins and nutritive value of three sainfoin (''Onobrychis viciifolia'') varieties and Lucerne. ''Grass For. Sci.'' 2011, 66, 402–414. * Theodoridou, K., Aufrère, J., Andueza, D., Pourrat, J., Le Morvan, A., Stringano, E., Mueller-Harvey, I., Baumont, R. Effects of condensed tannins in fresh sainfoin (''Onobrychis viciifolia'') on ''in vivo'' and ''in situ'' digestion in sheep ''Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.'' 2010, 160, 23–38. * Stringano, E., Cramer, R., Hayes, W., Smith, C., Gibson, T., Mueller-Harvey, I. Deciphering the complexity of sainfoin (''Onobrychis viciifolia'') proanthocyanidins by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with a judicious choice of isotope patterns and matrices. ''Anal. Chem.'' 2011, 83, 4147–4153. * papers by M. Lorenz and P. Uden (Uppsala University) {{Authority control Hedysareae Forages Taxa named by Philip Miller Fabaceae genera