Observer effect (disambiguation)
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Observer effect, observer bias, observation bias, etc. may refer to a number of concepts, some of them closely related:


General experimental biases

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Hawthorne effect The Hawthorne effect is a type of reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric ...
, a form of reactivity in which subjects modify an aspect of their behavior, in response to their knowing that they are being studied *
Observer-expectancy effect The observer-expectancy effect (also called the experimenter-expectancy effect, expectancy bias, observer effect, or experimenter effect) is a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence t ...
, a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to unconsciously influence the participants of an experiment * Observer bias, a detection bias in research studies resulting for example from an observer's cognitive biases


Physics

* Observer effect (physics), the impact of observing a physical system *
Probe effect Probe effect is an unintended alteration in system behavior caused by measuring that system. In code profiling and performance measurements, the delays introduced by insertion or removal of code instrumentation may result in a non-functioning appl ...
, the effect on a physical system of adding measurement devices, such as the probes of electronic test equipment


Computing

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Heisenbug In computer programming jargon, a heisenbug is a software bug that seems to disappear or alter its behavior when one attempts to study it. The term is a pun on the name of Werner Heisenberg, the physicist who first asserted the observer effect of ...
of computer programming, in which a software bug seems to disappear or alter its behavior when one attempts to study it *
Observer effect (information technology) In information technology, the observer effect is the impact on the behaviour of a computer process caused by the act of observing the process while it is running. For example: if a process uses a log file to record its progress, the process cou ...
, the impact of observing a process while it is running


Media

* "Observer Effect" (''Star Trek: Enterprise''), an episode of ''Star Trek: Enterprise'', named after the effect in physics.


See also

* Actor–observer bias *
Demonstration effect Demonstration effects are effects on the behavior of individuals caused by observation of the actions of others and their consequences. The term is particularly used in political science and sociology to describe the fact that developments in one pl ...
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Uncertainty principle In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle (also known as Heisenberg's uncertainty principle) is any of a variety of mathematical inequalities asserting a fundamental limit to the accuracy with which the values for certain pairs of physic ...
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Meditation Meditation is a practice in which an individual uses a technique – such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity – to train attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm ...
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Personal equation The term personal equation, in 19th- and early 20th-century science, referred to the idea that every individual observer had an inherent bias when it came to measurements and observations. Astronomy The term originated in astronomy, when it was ...
, in experimental science *
Schrödinger's cat In quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment that illustrates a paradox of quantum superposition. In the thought experiment, a hypothetical cat may be considered simultaneously both alive and dead, while it is unobserved in ...
, a thought experiment, often described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger {{Disambiguation