''Oxalobacter aliiformigenes'' is a Gram negative, non-

spore In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, f ...

-forming, oxalate-degrading anaerobic

bacterium Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ...

that was first isolated from human fecal samples. ''O. aliiformigenes'' is believed to have roles in

calcium oxalate Calcium oxalate (in archaic terminology, oxalate of lime) is a calcium salt of oxalic acid with the chemical formula . It forms hydrates , where ''n'' varies from 1 to 3. Anhydrous and all hydrated forms are colorless or white. The monohydrate ...

kidney stone disease Kidney stone disease, also known as nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (kidney stone) develops in the urinary tract. Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine s ...

because of its unique ability to utilize oxalate as its primary carbon source.

Taxonomy

''Oxalobacter aliiformigenes'' was originally thought to be a subgroup of ''

Oxalobacter formigenes ''Oxalobacter formigenes'' is a Gram negative oxalate-degrading anaerobic bacterium that was first isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a sheep in 1985. To date, the bacterium has been found to colonizes the large intestines of numerous ...

b''ased on

fatty acid In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, fr ...

profile,

16S ribosomal RNA 16 S ribosomal RNA (or 16 S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and provides most of the SSU structure. The genes coding for it are referred to as 16S rRNA ...

sequencing, and DNA probes specific to the ''oxc'' ( oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase) gene and ''frc'' (formyl-CoA transferase).. However, full genomes were sequenced and based on

average nucleotide identity Bacterial genomes are generally smaller and less variant in size among species when compared with genomes of eukaryotes. Bacterial genomes can range in size anywhere from about 130 kbp to over 14 Mbp. A study that included, but was not limited to ...

calculation, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and

phylogenetic tree A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ...

analyses, ''O. aliiformigenes'' was determined to be a distinct species.

Antibiotic resistance and susceptibility

''Oxalobacter aliiformigenes'' demonstrates ''in vitro'' resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cephalexin, streptomycin, and vancomycin; and ''in vitro'' sensitivity to clarithromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, gentamycin, and tetracycline.

Genome

The genome of ''O. formigenes'' has been sequenced by multiple researchers and is revealed to be 2.2 – 2.4 Mb with a G+C content of 50.9 - 51.5%.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q116263385 Burkholderiales