Ouvrage Schiesseck is a ''gros ouvrage'' of the

Maginot Line The Maginot Line (french: Ligne Maginot, ), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force the ...

, located near

Bitche Bitche ( , ; German and Lorraine Franconian: ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Moselle (department), Moselle Departments of France, department, administrative regions of France, administrative region of Grand Est, northeastern France. It ...

in the

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

''département'' of

Moselle The Moselle ( , ; german: Mosel ; lb, Musel ) is a river that rises in the Vosges mountains and flows through north-eastern France and Luxembourg to western Germany. It is a bank (geography), left bank tributary of the Rhine, which it jo ...

. Schiesseck is adjoined by ''gros ouvrage'' Simserhof and ''petit ouvrage'' Otterbiel, all part of the

Fortified Sector of Rohrbach The Fortified Sector of Rohrbach (''Secteur Fortifié de Rohrbach'') was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the Maginot Line in the vicinity of Bitche. The sector was bordered to the west by the Fortified Sector ...

, and faces the

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

frontier. Schiesseck saw comparatively little activity during the

Battle of France The Battle of France (french: bataille de France) (10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign ('), the French Campaign (german: Frankreichfeldzug, ) and the Fall of France, was the Nazi Germany, German invasion of French Third Rep ...

, surrendering with other positions in its sector on 30 June 1940. During the Lorraine Campaign of 1944 Schiesseck was occupied by German forces and presented a point of resistance to American advances, requiring heavy bombardment and infantry assaults by engineer units to capture. The area was abandoned during the

Battle of the Bulge The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Offensive, was the last major German offensive (military), offensive military campaign, campaign on the Western Front (World War II), Western Front during World War II. The battle lasted fr ...

, but was recaptured in March 1945. In the 1950s Schiesseck was repaired as part of a program to re-arm the Maginot Line against a potential advance by

Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republic ...

forces. It was abandoned in the early 1970s. Schiesseck is on military land and is not visitable by the public.

Design and construction

The site was surveyed by CORF (''Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées''), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency; Schiesseck was approved for construction in June 1931, after several proposals had been rejected.Mary, Tome 3, p. 127 The ''gros ouvrage'' is of the typical ''fort palmé'' ("palm-shaped") form for a large position. The ''fort palmé'' is a distributed fortification, with its entrances and underground support areas more than a kilometer to the rear, connected to the combat blocks by a long underground gallery. The "palm" is composed of the grouped combat blocks, linked by galleries to the main trunk.Mary, Tome 1, p. 19

Description

Schiesseck comprises two separate entrance blocks for ammunition and personnel, four infantry blocks, four artillery blocks and one observation block. The munitions and personnel entries are located far to the rear of the combat blocks. The underground barracks are located at the junction of the two entry galleries. From there a long gallery runs at an average depth of to the combat blocks. Schiesseck was served by a 60 cm-gauge narrow-gauge railway, which enters at the munitions entrance and runs all the way out through the galleries to the combat blocks. On the surface, the railway connects to supply points to the rear and to other ''ouvrages''.Mary, Tome 2, p. 35 Schiesseck lacks a large "M1" magazine. *Block 1: Artillery block with one retractable twin machine gun turret, one automatic rifle cloche (GFM) and one retractable 81mm mortar turret. *Block 2: Infantry block with one observation cloche (VDP), one GFM cloche, two twin machine gun cloches, one twin machine gun embrasure and one machine gun (JM)/ 47mm anti-tank gun embrasure (JM/AC47). *Block 3: Infantry block with two GFM cloches and one VDP cloche. *Block 4: Artillery block with one GFM cloche, one JM cloche and two 81mm mortar embrasures. *Block 5: Infantry block with two GFM cloches and one JM cloche. *Block 6: Infantry block with one GFM cloche and one retractable twin machine gun turret. *Block 7: Artillery block with one GFM cloche, one LG cloche and one retractable twin 75mm gun turret. *Block 8: Artillery block with one VDP cloche, one GFM cloche and one retractable twin 135mm gun turret. *Block 9: Observation block with one VDP cloche and one VDP/observation cloche. *Personnel entry: Shaft-style entry block with one GFM cloche and one JM/AC47 embrasure. *Munitions entry: Direct entry block with two GFM cloches and two JM/AC47 embrasures.

Casemates and shelters

A series of detached

casemate A casemate is a fortified gun emplacement or armored structure from which artillery, guns are fired, in a fortification, warship, or armoured fighting vehicle.Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary When referring to Ancient history, antiquity, th ...

s and infantry shelters are in the vicinity of Simserhof, including * Abri du Freudenberg: Subsurface ''abri-caverne'' with two GFM cloches, linked by an underground gallery to the Observatoire du Freudenberg. * Observatoire du Freudenberg: Observation post with one VP cloche and one GFM cloche. * Casemate du Freudenberg: SIngle block with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one twin machine gun embrasure and one GFM cloche. The casemate is immediately adjacent to Block 9 and covers the road and the block, but is not connected to the ''ouvrage''. * Abri de Reyerswiller: Subsurface ''abri-caverne'' with two GFM cloches. * Casemate de Ramstein Ouest: SIngle block with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one twin machine gun embrasure and a GFM cloche. * Casemate de Ramstein Est: SIngle block with one JM/AC37 embrasure, one twin machine gun embrasure and a GFM cloche. * Observatoire de la Citadelle'': Observation post in the Citadel of Bitche, reporting to Schiesseck.

Manning

The 1940 manning of the ''ouvrage'' under the command of Chef de Bataillon Stoquer comprised 679 men and 223 officers of the 37th Fortress Infantry Regiment and the 150th Position Artillery Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 5th Army. The nearby Casernement du Freudenberg provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Schiesseck and other positions in the area.

History

:''See

for a broader discussion of the Rohrbach sector of the Maginot Line.''

1940

Schiesseck saw relatively little action in 1940 compared to its neighbors, and surrendered to the Germans with the rest of the Bitche fortifications on 30 June 1940.

1944 and 1945

At the end of November 1944 the

U.S. Seventh Army The Seventh Army was a United States army created during World War II that evolved into the United States Army Europe (USAREUR) during the 1950s and 1960s. It served in North Africa and Italy in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations and Fran ...

under General

Alexander Patch General Alexander McCarrell Patch (November 23, 1889 – November 21, 1945) was a senior United States Army officer who fought in both world wars, rising to rank of general. During World War II, he commanded U.S. Army and Marine Corps force ...

had reached the Vosges region. Schiesseck was occupied by elements of the German 25th Panzer Grenadier Division. On 14 December, the 398th regiment the U.S. 100th Infantry Division assaulted Schiesseck, after an aerial and artillery bombardment,Mary, Tome 5, p. 142 even using captured German 8.8cm guns and 8"

howitzer A howitzer () is a long- ranged weapon, falling between a cannon (also known as an artillery gun in the United States), which fires shells at flat trajectories, and a mortar, which fires at high angles of ascent and descent. Howitzers, like ot ...

s. The most effective bombardment used American

tank destroyer A tank destroyer, tank hunter, tank killer, or self-propelled anti-tank gun is a type of armoured fighting vehicle, armed with a direct fire artillery gun or missile launcher, designed specifically to engage and destroy enemy tanks, often wi ...

s in direct fire against the position's embrasures. By late on the 18th the Americans occupied the surface in all areas except Block 2, which resisted until 20 December. The following day tank-dozers covered the firing positions and ditches. The American advance was interrupted by the

in late December. The Seventh Army was pulled back to occupy positions previously held by the

U.S. Third Army The United States Army Central, formerly the Third United States Army, commonly referred to as the Third Army and as ARCENT, is a military formation of the United States Army which saw service in World War I and World War II, in the 1991 Gulf Wa ...

, abandoning Schiesseck. The 100th returned on 15 March 1945 and attacked the area on a broad front. Because Schiesseck's visible installations had been effectively destroyed in December, the ''ouvrage'' itself played no role in the German defense. The area was quickly captured.

Cold War

Following World War II, interest revived in the use of the Maginot Line to defend against a possible Soviet advance through southern Germany. Funds were allocated for restoration of the ''gros ouvrages'', but work was limited to restoration of systems and improvements to existing armament, with work completed by 1953. In 1951, Schiesseck had been designated part of the ''Mòle de Bitche'', a strongpoint in the northeastern defenses against Soviet attack. By the late 1950s interest in fixed fortifications was waning after France developed a nuclear deterrent. The money needed to maintain and upgrade the fortifications was diverted for the nuclear programs. Schiesseck was not manned or maintained after the early 1970s.Mary, Tome 5, p. 173

Current status

Schiesseck's entrances are visible from the road, but the combat blocks are located on military land and are not accessible.

Notes

References

Bibliography

*Allcorn, William. ''The Maginot Line 1928-45.'' Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003. *Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. ''Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II'', Stackpole Books, 2006. *Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. ''The Maginot Line: History and Guide'', Pen and Sword, 2011. *Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. ''Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1.'' Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001. *Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. ''Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2.'' Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. *Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. ''Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3.'' Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. *Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. ''Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5.'' Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.