"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" by American poet

Walt Whitman Walter Whitman (; May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among t ...

is one of his most complex and successfully integrated poems. Whitman used several new techniques in the poem. One is the use of images like bird, boy, sea. The influence of music is also seen in opera form. Some critics have taken the poem to be an elegy mourning the death of someone dear to him. The basic theme of the poem is the relationship between suffering and art. It shows how a boy matures into a poet through his experience of love and death. Art is a sublimation of frustrations and death is a release from the stress and strains caused by such frustrations. The language is similar to " There Was a Child Went Forth".

Overview

The poem features a young boy walking on the beach who finds two mockingbirds nesting and watches them. The female bird fails to appear one day, and the male bird cries out for her. The bird's cries create an awakening in the boy who translates what the male is saying in the rest of the poem. As this happens, the boy recognizes the impact of nature on the human soul and his own burgeoning consciousness.

Publication history

Originally titled "A Child's Reminiscence", the poem was first published in the ''Saturday Press'' on December 24, 1859. The newspaper included this introduction: "Our readers may, if they choose, consider as our Christmas or New Year's present to them, the curious warble by Walt Whitman".Kaplan, Justin. ''Walt Whitman: A Life''. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1980: 241. The poem was later included in the 1860 edition of ''Leaves of Grass'' under the title "A Word Out of the Sea" (and occasionally erroneously referred to, even by Whitman himself, as "A Voice Out of the Sea"). "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" is found in the title section, Sea-Drift. Several of Whitman's individuals poems, including "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking", focus on the seashore; his first was "A Sketch".Loving, Jerome. ''Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself''. University of California Press, 1999: 84.

Analysis and response

Upon its first publication, a reviewer for the

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newspaper ''Daily Commercial'' called the poem "unmixed and hopeless drivel" and a disgrace to its publisher. Shortly after, on January 7, 1860, the ''Saturday Press'' published a response to that review titled "All About a Mocking-Bird", celebrating Whitman's poem.Loving, Jerome. ''Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself''. University of California Press, 1999: 237. This article may have been written by Whitman himself.

References

{{Walt Whitman Poetry by Walt Whitman 1859 poems