''Oryzias'' is a genus of

ricefish The ricefishes are a family (Adrianichthyidae) of small ray-finned fish that are found in fresh and brackish waters from India to Japan and out into the Malay Archipelago, most notably Sulawesi (where the Lake Poso and Lore Lindu species are kn ...

es native to fresh and

brackish Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuari ...

water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the

Japanese rice fish The Japanese rice fish (''Oryzias latipes''), also known as the medaka, is a member of genus ''Oryzias'' ( ricefish), the only genus in the subfamily Oryziinae. This small (up to about ) native of East Asia is a denizen of rice paddies, marshes, ...

(''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a

model organism A model organism (often shortened to model) is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workin ...

, while others have very small ranges and are threatened. They are small, up to long, and most are relatively plain in colour. The genus name ''Oryzias'' is a reference to the

scientific name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

for rice, ''

Oryza ''Oryza'' is a genus of plants in the grass family. It includes the major food crop rice (species ''Oryza sativa'' and ''Oryza glaberrima''). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to tall; the genus includes both annual an ...

''. They have an unusual reproductive behavior where the female

facultative {{wiktionary, facultative Facultative means "optional" or "discretionary" (antonym '' obligate''), used mainly in biology in phrases such as: * Facultative (FAC), facultative wetland (FACW), or facultative upland (FACU): wetland indicator statuses ...

ly carries the eggs in a cluster at the

pelvic The pelvis (plural pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of the trunk, between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region), together with its embedded skeleton (sometimes also called bony pelvis, or pelvic skeleton). The ...

anal fin Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as se ...

s for a period after they have been fertilized.

Species

Xenopoecilus sarasinorum (Wroclaw zoo)-1

There are currently 33 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Oryzias asinua ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' Parenti, Hadiaty, Lumbantobing &

Herder A herder is a pastoral worker responsible for the care and management of a herd or flock of domestic animals, usually on open pasture. It is particularly associated with nomadic or transhumant management of stock, or with common land grazing. ...

, 2013 * ''

Oryzias bonneorum ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' Parenti, 2008 * ''

Oryzias carnaticus ''Oryzias carnaticus'' or the spotted ricefish are a freshwater–brackish fish species native to the India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. Their maximum length is only . They are normally found near the coast, and can live in fresh water a ...

'' Jerdon, 1849 * ''

Oryzias celebensis ''Oryzias celebensis'', the Celebes medaka, fish in the family Adrianichthyidae. It is endemic to rivers, streams and lakes on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi (formerly Celebes) and one river in East Timor East Timor (), also known as ...

'' M. C. W. Weber, 1894 (Celebes medaka) * ''

Oryzias curvinotus ''Oryzias curvinotus'' or the Hainan medaka is a species of ricefish which is found in Quang Ninh Province in northern Vietnam and Hainan, Guangdong and Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administr ...

Nichols Nichols may refer to: People *Nichols (surname) *Nichol, a surname Places Canada * Nichols Islands, Nunavut United States * Nichols, California, an unincorporated community * Nichols Canyon, Los Angeles, California * Nichols, Connecticut * Nic ...

& C. H. Pope, 1927 * ''

Oryzias dancena ''Oryzias dancena'' or the Indian ricefish are a freshwater–brackish fish species native to the India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Thailand. Their maximum length is only . They are normally found in brackish habitats near the coast, but i ...

'' F. Hamilton, 1822 * '' Oryzias eversi''

, Hadiaty & Nolte, 2012 * ''

Oryzias hadiatyae ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

& Chapuis, 2010 (Renny's ricefish) * '' Oryzias haugiangensis'' T. R. Roberts, 1998 * ''

Oryzias hubbsi ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' T. R. Roberts, 1998 * '' Oryzias javanicus''

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Oryzias latipes The Japanese rice fish (''Oryzias latipes''), also known as the medaka, is a member of genus ''Oryzias'' (ricefish), the only genus in the subfamily Oryziinae. This small (up to about ) native of East Asia is a denizen of rice paddies, marshes, ...

Temminck Coenraad Jacob Temminck (; 31 March 1778 – 30 January 1858) was a Dutch aristocrat, zoologist and museum director. Biography Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born on 31 March 1778 in Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic. From his father, Jacob Temminck ...

& Schlegel, 1846 (Japanese ricefish) * ''

Oryzias luzonensis ''Oryzias luzonensis'' is a species of fish in the family Adrianichthyidae. It is Endemism, endemic to north Luzon in the Philippines, and it is difficult to keep in an aquarium. It is overall grayish with a yellow tinge above. Environment ''Oryz ...

'' Herre & Ablan, 1934 * '' Oryzias marmoratus'' Aurich, 1935 (Marmorated medaka) * '' Oryzias matanensis'' Aurich, 1935 (Matano medaka) * '' Oryzias mekongensis''

Uwa The University of Western Australia (UWA) is a public research university in the Australian state of Western Australia. The university's main campus is in Perth, the state capital, with a secondary campus in Albany, Western Australia, Albany an ...

& Magtoon, 1986 * '' Oryzias melastigma'' McClelland, 1839 * '' Oryzias minutillus'' H. M. Smith, 1945 (Dwarf medaka) * '' Oryzias nebulosus'' Parenti & Soeroto, 2004 * '' Oryzias nigrimas''

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

, 1990 (black buntingi) * '' Oryzias orthognathus''

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

, 1990 (Sharp-jawed buntingi) * '' Oryzias pectoralis'' T. R. Roberts, 1998 * ''

Oryzias profundicola ''Oryzias profundicola'', the yellow-finned medaka or yellow-finned ricefish, is a species of fish in the family Adrianichthyidae. Information ''Oryzias profundicola'' is endemic to Lake Towuti in Sulawesi, Indonesia Indonesia, officiall ...

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...

, 1990 (Yellow finned medaka) * ''

Oryzias sakaizumii ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' T. Asai,

Senou Senou is a small town and seat of the commune of Kemekafo in the Cercle of Dioila in the Koulikoro Region of south-western Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤 ...

& K. Hosoya, 2012 (Northern medaka) * ''

Oryzias sarasinorum ''Oryzias sarasinorum'', the Sarasins minnow or Sarasins buntingi, is a species of ricefish in the Adrianichthyidae. It is endemic to Lake Lindu in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. This species was described as ''Haplochilus sara ...

'' Popta, 1905 (Sarasins minnow) * ''

Oryzias setnai ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' Kulkarni, 1940 (Malabar ricefish) * ''

Oryzias sinensis The Chinese rice fish (''Oryzias sinensis'') is a species of fish in the genus ''Oryzias''. This freshwater fish occurs in swamps, stagnant parts of streams, rice fields and marshes, and is up to long. It was formerly considered a subspecies o ...

'' Y. R. Chen,

& X. L. Chu, 1989 * ''

Oryzias soerotoi ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' D. F. Mokodongan,

Tanaka is the fourth most common Japanese name, Japanese surname. It is typically written with the kanji for . Less common variants include , , , , and . People with the surname *, Japanese musician formerly known as Boku no Lyric no Bōyomi *, Japane ...

& Yamahira, 2014 * '' Oryzias songkhramensis'' Magtoon, 2010 * ''

Oryzias timorensis ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' M. C. W. Weber & de Beaufort, 1922 * '' Oryzias uwai'' T. R. Roberts, 1998 * ''

Oryzias wolasi ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' Parenti, Hadiaty, Lumbantobing &

, 2013 * ''

Oryzias woworae ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' Parenti & Hadiaty, 2010 * ''

Oryzias dopingdopingensis ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' Ixchel F. Mandagi, Daniel Frikli Mokodongan,

& Yamahira, 2018

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2371293 Adrianichthyidae Taxa named by David Starr Jordan Taxa named by John Otterbein Snyder Taxonomy articles created by Polbot