scorpionflies Mecoptera (from the Greek language, Greek: ''mecos'' = "long", ''ptera'' = "wings") is an Order (biology), order of insects in the superorder Endopterygota with about six hundred species in nine Family (biology), families worldwide. Mecopterans ...

Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period ...

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of th ...

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

wastebasket taxon Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the sole purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined ...

Burmese amber Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The ...

Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in the s ...

Hawkesbury Sandstone Sydney sandstone is the common name for Sydney Basin Hawkesbury Sandstone, one variety of which is historically known as Yellowblock, and also as "yellow gold" a sedimentary rock named after the Hawkesbury River north of Sydney, where this ...

Anisian In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from million years ago until million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age (part of the Lower Triassic Ep ...

Carnian The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic Series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227 million years ago (Ma). The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by t ...

Aptian The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ago), a ...

Toarcian The Toarcian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic. It spans the time between 182.7 Ma (million years ago) and 174.1 Ma. It follows the Pliensbachian and is followed by the Aalenian. The Toarcian ...

Whitby Mudstone The Whitby Mudstone is a Toarcian (Early Jurassic; ''Falciferum''-''Bifrons'' in regional chronostratigraphy) geological formation in Yorkshire and Worcestershire, England.Badaowan Formation, China, Early Jurassic (

Sinemurian In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.3 ± 2 Ma and 190.8 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is ...

) ** †''Mesopanorpa brooksorum'' Jarzembowski and Soszyńska-Maj, 2018

Weald Clay Weald Clay or the Weald Clay Formation is a Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rock unit underlying areas of South East England, between the North and South Downs, in an area called the Weald Basin. It is the uppermost unit of the Wealden Group of ro ...

, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (

Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded ...

) ** †''Mesopanorpa densa'' Zhang 1996 Badaowan Formation, China, Sinemurian ** †''Mesopanorpa enormis'' Lin 1986 Shiti Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (

Bajocian In the geologic timescale, the Bajocian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic. It lasted from approximately 170.3 Ma to around 168.3 Ma (million years ago). The Bajocian Age succeeds the Aalenian Age and precedes the Bathonian Age. Stratig ...

) ** †''Mesopanorpa fanshanensis'' Ren 1995 Lushangfen Formation, China, Aptian ** †''Mesopanorpa felix'' Martynov 1927

Karabastau Formation The Karabastau Formation ( kk, Qarabastaý svıtasy) is a geological formation and lagerstätte in the Karatau Mountains of southern Kazakhstan whose strata date to the Middle to Late Jurassic. It is an important locality for insect fossils that ...

, Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic ( Oxfordian) ** †''Mesopanorpa formosa'' Bode 1953

Posidonia Shale The Posidonia Shale (german: Posidonienschiefer, also called Schistes Bitumineux in Luxembourg) geologically known as the Sachrang Formation, is an Early Jurassic (Toarcian) geological formation of southwestern and northeast Germany, northern Swit ...

, Germany, Toarcian ** †''Mesopanorpa gambra'' Lin 1980 Laocun Formation, China, Barremian ** †''Mesopanorpa hartungi'' Brauer et al. 1889 Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic ( Hettangian-Sinemurian), Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Russia, Toarcian ** †''Mesopanorpa incerta'' Martynov 1927 Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Russia, Toarcian ** †''Mesopanorpa kuliki'' Martynova 1948 Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Hettangian-Sinemurian, Badaowan Formation, China, Sinemurian ** †''Mesopanorpa kuschmurunensis'' Martynova 1956, Kushmurun Formation, Russia,

Early Jurassic The Early Jurassic Epoch (geology), Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic series (stratigraphy), Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic-J ...

** †''Mesopanorpa maculata'' Handlirsch 1939 " Green Series", Germany, Toarcian ** †''Mesopanorpa martynovae'' Sukacheva 1990

Glushkovo Formation Glushkovo (russian: Глушково) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia. ;Urban localities *Glushkovo, Glushkovsky District, Kursk Oblast, a work settlement in Glushkovsky District of Kursk Oblast ;Rural localities * Glushko ...

, Russia, Late Jurassic (

Tithonian In the geological timescale, the Tithonian is the latest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch and the uppermost stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 152.1 ± 4 Ma and 145.0 ± 4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the K ...

) ** †''Mesopanorpa monstrosa'' Zhang 1996 Badaowan Formation, China, Sinemurian ** †''Mesopanorpa obtusa'' Bode 1953 Posidonia Shale, Germany, Toarcian ** †''Mesopanorpa unica'' Sukatsheva 1985 Ichetuy Formation, Russia, Oxfordian ** †''Mesopanorpa unicolor'' Martynov 1937 Sulyukta Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Toarcian ** †''Mesopanorpa yaojiashanensis'' Lin 1980 Laocun Formation, China, Barremian * †'' Mesorthophlebia'' Willmann 1989 Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Hettangian-Sinemurian * †'' Parachorista'' Lin 1976 Jianshangou Formation, China,

Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded ...

* †'' Parorthophlebia'' Bode 1953

Posidonia Shale The Posidonia Shale (german: Posidonienschiefer, also called Schistes Bitumineux in Luxembourg) geologically known as the Sachrang Formation, is an Early Jurassic (Toarcian) geological formation of southwestern and northeast Germany, northern Swit ...

, Germany, Toarcian * †'' Stenopanorpa'' Handlirsch 1906

Lulworth Formation The Lulworth Formation is a geologic formation in England. It dates from the late Tithonian to the mid Berriasian. It is a subunit of the Purbeck Group. In Dorset, it consists of three members, which are in ascending order, the Mupe Member, the ...

, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (

Berriasian In the geological timescale, the Berriasian is an age/stage of the Early/Lower Cretaceous. It is the oldest subdivision in the entire Cretaceous. It has been taken to span the time between 145.0 ± 4.0 Ma and 139.8 ± 3.0 Ma (million years ago) ...

) *Subfamily Gigaphlebiinae Soszyńska-Maj and Krzemiński, 2018 **†'' Gigaphlebia'' Soszyńska-Maj and Krzemiński, 2018 Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Hettangian-

Sinemurian In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.3 ± 2 Ma and 190.8 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is ...

,

Daohugou The Haifanggou Formation (), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou () village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The formation consists of coarse conglomerates ...

, China, Middle Jurassic (

Callovian In the geologic timescale, the Callovian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic, lasting between 166.1 ± 4.0 Ma (million years ago) and 163.5 ± 4.0 Ma. It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic, following the Bathonian and preceding the ...

),

Karabastau Formation The Karabastau Formation ( kk, Qarabastaý svıtasy) is a geological formation and lagerstätte in the Karatau Mountains of southern Kazakhstan whose strata date to the Middle to Late Jurassic. It is an important locality for insect fossils that ...

, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian ** '' Longiphlebia'' Soszyńska-Maj and Krzemiński, 2018 Daohugou,

Tiaojishan Formation The Tiaojishan Formation is a geological formation in Hebei and Liaoning, People's Republic of China, dating to the middle-late Jurassic period (Bathonian- Oxfordian stages). It is known for its exceptionally preserved fossils, including those of ...

, China, Callovian *†'' Juraphlebia'', Soszyńska-Maj & Krzemiński 2019

Daohugou The Haifanggou Formation (), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou () village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The formation consists of coarse conglomerates ...

, China, Callovian *†'' Orthophlebia'' Westwood 1845 Middle Triassic-Early Cretaceous, Eurasia **†''Orthophlebia (Dolichophlebia)'' Hong and Zhang 2004 ***†''Orthophlebia (Dolichophlebia) ladinica'' Hong 2009 Tongchuan Formation, China, Middle Triassic (

Ladinian The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch. It spans the time between Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago). The Ladinian was preceded by the Anisian and succeeded by the Carnian (part of the Upper or Late Triassic). ...

) ***†''Orthophlebia (Dolichophlebia) xiaofangzhangziensis'' Hong 1983

Jiulongshan Formation The Haifanggou Formation (), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou () village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The formation consists of coarse conglomerates ...

, China, Callovian **†''Orthophlebia aequalis'' Martynov 1937 Kyzyl-Kiya, Kyrgyzstan, Pliensbachian **†''Orthophlebia anglica'' Handlirsch 1939 United Kingdom, Late Triassic (

Rhaetian The Rhaetian is the latest age of the Triassic Period (in geochronology) or the uppermost stage of the Triassic System (in chronostratigraphy). It was preceded by the Norian and succeeded by the Hettangian (the lowermost stage or earliest age ...

) **†''Orthophlebia angustata'' Martynov 1937 Sulyukta Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia bella'' Handlirsch 1939 United Kingdom, Rhaetian/Hettangian **†''Orthophlebia bifurcata'' Giebel 1856

Lulworth Formation The Lulworth Formation is a geologic formation in England. It dates from the late Tithonian to the mid Berriasian. It is a subunit of the Purbeck Group. In Dorset, it consists of three members, which are in ascending order, the Mupe Member, the ...

, United Kingdom,

Berriasian In the geological timescale, the Berriasian is an age/stage of the Early/Lower Cretaceous. It is the oldest subdivision in the entire Cretaceous. It has been taken to span the time between 145.0 ± 4.0 Ma and 139.8 ± 3.0 Ma (million years ago) ...

**†''Orthophlebia bolboica'' Sukacheva 1990 Byankino Formation, Russia, Tithonian **†''Orthophlebia brunsvicensis'' Bode 1905 Posidonia Shale, "Green Series" Germany, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia capillata'' Whalley 1985 Charmouth Mudstone Formation, England,

Sinemurian In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.3 ± 2 Ma and 190.8 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is ...

**†''Orthophlebia colorata'' Zhang 1996 Badaowan Formation, China, Sinemurian **†''Orthophlebia compacta'' Bode 1953 Posidonia Shale, Germany, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia confusa'' Willmann 1977 Lilstock Formation, United Kingdom, Rhaetian **†''Orthophlebia curta'' Martynova 1948 Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Hettangian-

Sinemurian In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.3 ± 2 Ma and 190.8 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is ...

**†''Orthophlebia deformis'' Lin 1986 Shiti Formation, China, Bajocian **†''Orthophlebia effusa'' Martynova 1948 Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Hettangian-

Sinemurian In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.3 ± 2 Ma and 190.8 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is ...

**†''Orthophlebia elenae'' Willmann and Novokshonov 1998

Karabastau Formation The Karabastau Formation ( kk, Qarabastaý svıtasy) is a geological formation and lagerstätte in the Karatau Mountains of southern Kazakhstan whose strata date to the Middle to Late Jurassic. It is an important locality for insect fossils that ...

, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian **†''Orthophlebia elongata'' Handlirsch 1939 "Green Series" Germany, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia exculpta'' Zhang 1996 Xishanyao Formation, China, Aalenian/Bajocian **†''Orthophlebia extensa'' Martynov 1937 Sulyukta Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia fallerslebensis'' Bode 1953 Posidonia Shale, Germany, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia fracta'' Sukacheva 1990 Godymboyskaya Formation, Russia, Aptian **†''Orthophlebia furcata'' Handlirsch 1939 England, Rhaetian/Hettangian **†''Orthophlebia fuscipennis'' Handlirsch 1906 "Green Series" Germany, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia germanica'' Handlirsch 1906 "Green Series" Germany, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia gracilis'' Handlirsch 1939 Lilstock Formation, England, Rhaetian **†''Orthophlebia gubini'' Novokshonov and Sukatsheva 2003

Ulan Malgait Formation The Ulan Malgait Formation is a Late Jurassic geologic formation in Mongolia. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.Weishampel et al., 2004, p ...

, Mongolia, Tithonian **†''Orthophlebia heidemariae'' Willmann and Novokshonov 1998 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian **†''Orthophlebia intermedia'' Giebel 1856 Lilstock Formation, England, Rhaetian **†''Orthophlebia jejuna'' Sukatsheva 1985 Makarova Formation, Russia, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia karabonica'' Sukacheva 1990 Gidarinskaya Formation, Russia, Aptian **†''Orthophlebia laesa'' Handlirsch 1939 England, Rhaetian **†''Orthophlebia latebrosa'' Sukatsheva 1985 Badaowan Formation, China, Sinemurian Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Russia, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia latipennisimilis'' Bode 1953 Posidonia Shale, Germany, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia lauta'' Sukatsheva 1985 Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Russia, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia liadis'' Handlirsch 1939 "Green Series" Germany, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia liaoningensis'' Ren 1997

Yixian Formation The Yixian Formation (; formerly transcribed as Yihsien Formation) is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans the late Barremian and early Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous. It is known for its ex ...

, China, Aptian **†''Orthophlebia liassica'' Mantell 1844 Lilstock Formation, United Kingdom, Rhaetian/Hettangian **†''Orthophlebia limnophila'' Handlirsch 1906 "Green Series" Germany, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia lithographica'' Willmann and Novokshonov 1998 Solnhofen Limestone, Germany, Tithonian **†''Orthophlebia longicauda'' Willmann and Novokshonov 1998 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian **†''Orthophlebia luanpingensis'' Hong 1983

Jiulongshan Formation The Haifanggou Formation (), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou () village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The formation consists of coarse conglomerates ...

, China, Callovian **†''Orthophlebia maculata'' Martynov 1927 Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Hettangian-

Sinemurian In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.3 ± 2 Ma and 190.8 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is ...

, Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian **†''Orthophlebia mongolica'' Sukatsheva 1985 Zhargalant Formation, Mongolia, Middle Jurassic (

Bathonian In the geologic timescale the Bathonian is an age and stage of the Middle Jurassic. It lasted from approximately 168.3 Ma to around 166.1 Ma (million years ago). The Bathonian Age succeeds the Bajocian Age and precedes the Callovian Age. Strat ...

) **†''Orthophlebia nana'' Handlirsch 1939 United Kingdom, Rhaetian/Hettangian **†''Orthophlebia nervulosa'' Qiao et al. 2012

Jiulongshan Formation The Haifanggou Formation (), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou () village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The formation consists of coarse conglomerates ...

, China, Callovian **†''Orthophlebia obunca'' Sukatsheva 1985

Itat Formation The Itat Formation (Russian: итатская свита) is a geologic formation in western Siberia. It was deposited in the Bajocian to Bathonian ages of the Middle Jurassic. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from t ...

, Russia, Bathonian **†''Orthophlebia parvula'' Handlirsch 1939 United Kingdom, Rhaetian/Hettangian **†''Orthophlebia phryganoides'' Martynov 1925 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian **†''Orthophlebia pictipennis'' Tillyard 1933 Lilstock Formation, United Kingdom, Rhaetian/Hettangian **†''Orthophlebia pulchra'' Martynova 1956 Kushmurun Formation, Kazakhstan, Early Jurassic **†''Orthophlebia pygmaea'' Handlirsch 1939 United Kingdom, Rhaetian **†''Orthophlebia quadrimacula'' Lin 1982 Zhiluo Formation, China, Middle Jurassic **†''Orthophlebia radialis'' Handlirsch 1939 "Green Series" Germany, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia retorrida'' Sukatsheva 1985 Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Russia, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia rossica'' Martynova 1948 Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Hettangian-

Sinemurian In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.3 ± 2 Ma and 190.8 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is ...

**†''Orthophlebia rotundipennis'' Martynov 1937 Sulyukta Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Toarcian Hanshan Formation, China,

Bajocian In the geologic timescale, the Bajocian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic. It lasted from approximately 170.3 Ma to around 168.3 Ma (million years ago). The Bajocian Age succeeds the Aalenian Age and precedes the Bathonian Age. Stratig ...

**†''Orthophlebia shartegica'' Novokshonov and Sukatsheva 2003

Ulan Malgait Formation The Ulan Malgait Formation is a Late Jurassic geologic formation in Mongolia. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.Weishampel et al., 2004, p ...

, Mongolia, Tithonian **†''Orthophlebia shurabica'' Martynov 1937 Sulyukta Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia speciosa'' Bode 1953 Posidonia Shale, Germany, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia stigmatica'' Handlirsch 1939 Lilstock Formation, United Kingdom, Rhaetian/Hettangian **†''Orthophlebia varia'' Martynova 1948 Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Hettangian-

Sinemurian In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.3 ± 2 Ma and 190.8 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is ...

**†''Orthophlebia venosa'' Martynov 1937 Sulyukta Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia vernacula'' Martynova 1948 Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Hettangian-

Sinemurian In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.3 ± 2 Ma and 190.8 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is ...

**†''Orthophlebia vicina'' Handlirsch 1939 "Green Series" Germany, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia yangjuanxiangensis'' Hong 1985 Xiahuayuan Formation, China, Toarcian **†''Orthophlebia yaogouensis'' Hong 1983 Jiulongshan Formation, China, Callovian

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q20680090 Mecoptera Prehistoric insect families

Systematics

References