Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to:

Religion

* Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-paganism or Hinduism

Christian

Traditional Christian denominations

Eastern Orthodox Church The Eastern Orthodox Church, also called the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 220 million baptized members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops vi ...

, the world's second largest Christian church, that accepts seven Ecumenical Councils *

Oriental Orthodox Churches The Oriental Orthodox Churches are Eastern Christian churches adhering to Miaphysite Christology, with approximately 60 million members worldwide. The Oriental Orthodox Churches are part of the Nicene Christian tradition, and represent o ...

, a Christian communion that accepts three Ecumenical Councils

Modern denominations

True Orthodox Churches True Orthodox church, True Orthodox Christians, True Orthodoxy or Genuine Orthodoxy, often pejoratively " Zealotry", designates groups of traditionalist Eastern Orthodox churches which have severed communion since the 1920s with the mainstream Ea ...

, also called Old Calendarists, a movement that separated from the mainstream Eastern Orthodox Church in the 1920s over issues of ecumenism and calendar reform * Reformed Orthodoxy (16th–18th century), a systematized, institutionalized and codified Reformed theology * Neo-orthodoxy, a theological position also known as ''dialectical theology'' * Paleo-orthodoxy, (20th–21st century), a movement in the United States focusing on the consensus among the ecumenical councils and church fathers * Communion of Western Orthodox Churches a communion of Christian churches of Orthodox tradition adhering to customs of western Christianity *

Lutheran orthodoxy Lutheran orthodoxy was an era in the history of Lutheranism, which began in 1580 from the writing of the '' Book of Concord'' and ended at the Age of Enlightenment. Lutheran orthodoxy was paralleled by similar eras in Calvinism and tridentine R ...

, an era in the history of Lutheranism which began in 1580 from the writing of the ''Book of Concord'' * Orthodox Presbyterian Church, a confessional Presbyterian denomination located primarily in the northern United States

Academic term

* Proto-orthodox Christianity, a term coined by New Testament scholar Bart D. Ehrman to describe the Early Christian movement which was the precursor of Christian orthodoxy

Non-Christian

Orthodox Judaism Orthodox Judaism is the collective term for the traditionalist and theologically conservative branches of contemporary Judaism. Theologically, it is chiefly defined by regarding the Torah, both Written and Oral, as revealed by God to Moses ...

, a branch of Judaism **

Modern Orthodox Judaism Modern Orthodox Judaism (also Modern Orthodox or Modern Orthodoxy) is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize Jewish values and the observance of Jewish law with the secular, modern world. Modern Orthodoxy draws on severa ...

, is a movement within Orthodox Judaism **

Haredi Judaism Haredi Judaism ( he, ', ; also spelled ''Charedi'' in English; plural ''Haredim'' or ''Charedim'') consists of groups within Orthodox Judaism that are characterized by their strict adherence to ''halakha'' (Jewish law) and traditions, in oppos ...

, groups within Orthodox Judaism that reject modern secular culture ***

Hasidic Judaism Hasidism, sometimes spelled Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic Judaism (Ashkenazi Hebrew: חסידות ''Ḥăsīdus'', ; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group that arose as a spiritual revival movement in the territory of contem ...

, a sub-group within Haredi Judaism noted for its religious conservatism and, typically, social seclusion * Orthodox Islam, generally refers to Sunni Islam * Orthodox Hinduism, a term for Sanātanī * Orthodox Bahá'í Faith, a small Baha'i denomination * Kemetic Orthodoxy, an Egyptian neo-pagan religion that intends to reform and restore ancient Egyptian religion *

Slavic Native Faith The Slavic Native Faith, commonly known as Rodnovery * bg, Родноверие, translit=Rоdnoverie * bs, Rodnovjerje * mk, Родноверие, translit=Rodnoverie * cz, Rodnověří * hr, Rodnovjerje * pl, Rodzimowierstwo; Rodzima ...

or Rodovery Orthodoxy, a term used by Neo-Slavic pagan religious organizations

Other uses

* Left-arm orthodox spin, a bowling technique in cricket * ''Orthodox'' (album), a 2013 album by American rock band Beware of Darkness * Orthodox (Jordan), a Jordanian basketball club * Orthodox File Managers, a user interface to work with file systems * Orthodox Marxism, the dominant form of Marxist philosophy between the death of Karl Marx and the beginning of World War I * Orthodox seed, a seed which may be preserved via drying or freezing *

Orthodox stance In combat sports such as boxing, an orthodox stance is one in which the boxer places their left foot farther in front of the right foot, thus having their weaker side closer to the opponent. Because it favors the stronger, dominant side (often t ...

, a way of positioning the feet and hands in combat sports