Horreum or Orraon or Horraon ( grc, Ὄρραον) was a Greek city of

ancient Epirus Epirus (; Epirote Greek: , ; Attic Greek: , ) was an ancient Greek kingdom, and later republic, located in the geographical region of Epirus, in north-western Greece and southern Albania. Home to the ancient Epirotes, the state was bordered by t ...

. Orraon is located on a hill by the Amvrakikos Gulf which is located in Northwestern Greece, to the west of Ammotopos. It guards the passage all the way down to the Ioannina Basin.

History

Orraon was founded in the 4th century B.C. while Alcetas I was king. This was the period of the Classical period and

Hellenistic period In Classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 3 ...

. In 167 BC the Romans destroyed Orraon, but it was rebuilt shortly afterward. The city of Orraon lasted for a short period of time. In 37 BC the town had one hundred houses, twelve streets, and a graveyard. Orraon was abandoned by its people. Its inhabitants were forced to settle in Nicopolis which is located in the southwestern part of Greece. The city of Nicopolis was founded by

Augustus Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pri ...

after his victory in the Battle of Actium. Horreum was mentioned by the historian

Livy Titus Livius (; 59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy ( ), was a Ancient Rome, Roman historian. He wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, titled , covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome before the traditiona ...

Archaeology

In Orraon “most of the houses are still standing two stories high and the street plan is still visible". In the town plan twelve narrow parallel streets, in the north and south direction, cross two wider streets. By the way the streets run from an oblong town block, the insula, and fifteen meters wide. The settlement consisted of 100 houses, built of local limestone. One house occupies the full width of each insula. Some pieces of the houses still remain today. The main parts that are visible today are the stone the houses were made of, window frames, door frames, and a few more features of the house are still visible. Everybody in the town of Orraon used a

cistern A cistern (Middle English ', from Latin ', from ', "box", from Greek ', "basket") is a waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water. Cisterns are often built to catch and store rainwater. Cisterns are distinguished from wells by t ...

. The cistern was located near the main gate, which was located in the northeast part of town. The cistern was located in this area because it was the highest point of altitude in the city. They had a closure wall located around the cistern. They put the antae frame placed at the south wall of the tank, and the straight stairs at the northeastern corner of the tank. The stairs helped them to get to the bottom of the tank to clean it as well as get water out of the tank. The wall was built out of rectangular stones, and limestone. The wall was higher than the cistern to keep people from throwing trash into the tank. Molossians MG 3520

Aftermath

Orraon is a very old historical place. It helped protect the Basin in Greece. It was destroyed by the Romans, but was built back very quickly. After being built back Orraon did not last much longer because the inhabitants were forced to leave because Augustus had won the battle of Actium’s. Some of the remains still remain today. The remains include the stones, some door frames, and windows that were left of the old homes. Some streets and roads are still visible today.

History

Archaeology

Aftermath

References

See also