![AdmFFUshakoffByBazhanoff-e](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/AdmFFUshakoffByBazhanoff-e.jpg)
The Order of Ushakov (russian: орден Ушакова) is a
military decoration
Military awards and decorations are distinctions given as a mark of honor for military heroism, meritorious or outstanding service or achievement. DoD Manual 1348.33, 2010, Vol. 3 A decoration is often a medal consisting of a ribbon and a medal ...
of the
Russian Federation
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
named in honour of admiral
Fyodor Ushakov
Fyodor Fyodorovich Ushakov ( rus, Фёдор Фёдорович Ушако́в, p=ʊʂɐˈkof; – ) was an 18th century Russian naval commander and admiral. He is notable for winning every engagement he participated in as the Admiral of t ...
(1744–1817) who never lost a battle and was proclaimed
patron saint
A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism, Anglicanism, or Eastern Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or perso ...
of the
Russian Navy. It is bestowed to command grade naval officers for outstanding leadership. The order was established in two classes during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
by decision of the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (russian: Президиум Верховного Совета, Prezidium Verkhovnogo Soveta) was a body of state power in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).[USSR
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...]
of March 3, 1944.
The idea was given to
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
by admiral
Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov
Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov (russian: Никола́й Гера́симович Кузнецо́в; 24 July 1904 – 6 December 1974) was a Soviet naval officer who achieved the rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union and served as ...
in the summer of 1943. Following the 1991
dissolution of the USSR
The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Sov ...
, the Order of Ushakov was retained unchanged by Decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation 2557-I of March 20, 1992
but it was not awarded in this form. The all encompassing
Presidential Decree
A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution). It has the force of law. The particular term used for ...
1099 of September 7, 2010
that modernised and reorganised the entire Russian awards system away from its Soviet past amended the Order to its present form, a ribbon mounted single class Order.
Soviet statute
From its establishment in 1944 until September 2010, the Order of Ushakov was awarded to officers of the
Navy
A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval warfare, naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral zone, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and ...
for outstanding achievements in the development, implementation and prosecution of naval operations resulting in victory over a numerically superior enemy.
The Order of Ushakov 1st class was awarded to naval officers for:
*excellent organization and conduct of operations against the enemy at sea or against its shore installations, the destruction of enemy naval forces or its coastal bases and fortifications in a sudden and decisive strike based on the full cooperation of all forces and resources of the fleet;
*well organized and successfully completed naval operation against enemy communications, which led to the destruction of a significant number of its warships and transports;
*initiative and determination in the management of combat operations resulting in the defeat of a numerically superior enemy, while retaining the combat capabilities of our forces;
*skilful and covert organisation and management of large-scale amphibious operations, which resulted in heavy enemy losses while retaining the combat capabilities of our forces.
The Order of Ushakov 2nd class was awarded to naval officers for:
*excellent leadership and successful combat actions at sea against a numerically superior enemy, which led to heavy enemy losses;
*skilful, swift and bold actions in raiding enemy bases and coastal facilities, resulting in the destruction of large enemy forces and equipment;
*successful and audacious actions against the enemy lines of communication that led to the destruction of heavily escorted ships and transports of a numerically superior enemy;
*excellent organisation and management of naval units taking part in a major amphibious operation, or for a well-organised and successful operations during a tactical landing;
*the successful execution of combat missions, skilful and efficient organization and coordination of all available forces and resources of the fleet in a battle that led to the destruction of a large enemy force;
*excellent leadership during an operation that led to a major military victory.
The Order of Ushakov 1st class was worn on the right side of the chest and when in the presence of other Orders of the USSR, located immediately after the
Order of Suvorov
The Order of Suvorov () is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named in honor of Russian Generalissimo Prince Alexander Suvorov (1729–1800).
History
The Order of Suvorov was originally a Soviet award established on July 29, 1942 ...
1st class. The Order 2nd class was also worn on the right side and located immediately after the Order of Suvorov 2nd class.
Soviet and pre September 2010 award description
The Order of Ushakov 1st class was of multi part construction consisting of a five pointed star struck from platinum, an oxidised silver anchor and chain secured to the platinum star with four rivets, and a circular central medallion struck from gold superimposed on the anchor and bearing the relief image of admiral Ushakov, the background being covered in dark blue enamel, around the admiral's head, the inscription in gilt letters "ADMIRAL USHAKOV" (russian: «АДМИРАЛ УШАКОВ»), below the admiral, laurel and oak branches bisected by the
hammer and sickle
The hammer and sickle (Unicode: "☭") zh, s=锤子和镰刀, p=Chuízi hé liándāo or zh, s=镰刀锤子, p=Liándāo chuízi, labels=no is a symbol meant to represent proletarian solidarity, a union between agricultural and industri ...
. The central medallion was secured to the platinum star by two rivets and surrounded by a gilt rope. On the reverse, a threaded screw and a 33 mm in diameter nut arrangement for attachment to clothing. The award serial number was hand etched in the lower part. The Order 2nd class differed from the 1st class in the materials used in its construction, its five pointed star was made of gold while the anchor and central medallion were of silver and the oak and laurel branches were omitted.
The only noticeable difference between the Soviet and early Russian Federation variants was the abrogation of the hammer and sickle from the latter.
Recipients of the Soviet award (partial list)
The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
's Order of Ushakov first class was awarded a total of 47 times, the second class 194 times.
The individuals listed below were awarded the Order of Ushakov 1st class:
*
Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov
*
Admiral Gordey Ivanovich Levchenko
*
Admiral Filipp Sergeyevich Oktyabrskiy (Twice)
*
Admiral Vladimir Filippovich Tributs (Twice)
*
Admiral Nikolay Mikhaylovich Kharlamov
*
Admiral Arseniy Grigoriyevich Golovko (Twice)
*
Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Hovhannes Stepani Isakov (Twice)
*
Admiral Stepan Grigorievich Kucherov
*
Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Sergey Georgiyevich Gorshkov (Both classes)
*
Admiral Lev Mikhailovich Galler (Twice)
*
Admiral Sir Bertram Home Ramsay KCB, KBE, MVO
*Marshal of naval aviation
Semen Fedorovich Zhavoronkov (Twice)
*Admiral
Nikolai Ignatievich Vinogradov
*
Admiral Vladimir Antonovich Alafuzov
*
Admiral Pavel Sergeevich Abankin
The individuals listed below were awarded the Order of Ushakov 2nd class:
[
* Vice-Admiral Yuri Fedorovich Rall
* Rear Admiral Vladimir Konstantinovich Konovalov
* Captain 2nd grade Israel Ilyich Fisanovich
* Captain 1st grade Ivan Vasilyevich Travkin
* Admiral Lev Anatolevich Vladimirsky
* Rear Admiral Nikolai Alexandrovich Lunin
*Major General of naval aviation Nikolai Vasilievich Tchelnokov
*Major General of naval aviation Nikolai Alekseevich Musatov
*Captain of naval aviation Damian Vasil'evich Osyka
*Captain 1st grade Anton Iosifovich Gurin
*Captain 1st grade Samuel Nakhmanovich Bogorad
*Major General of naval aviation Konstantin Dmitrievich Denisov
*Lieutenant Colonel of naval aviation Andrei Ivanovich Barsky
*Captain 3rd grade Vasily Markovich Zhil'tchov
*Captain Lieutenant Ivan Sergeevich Ivanov
*Admiral Ivan Ivanovich Borzov
The Order of Ushakov was also bestowed to the following units and institutions:][
*Submarine Brigade of the Northern Fleet
*2nd Anti-Submarine Brigade of the Northern Fleet
*Torpedo Boat Brigade "Pechenga" of the Northern Fleet
*Submarine Brigade of the Baltic Fleet
*9th Air Assault Division of the Baltic Fleet
*Minelaying Flotilla of the Black Sea Fleet
*]Dnieper Flotilla The Dnieper Flotilla () is the name given to the various naval flotillas on the Dnieper River. These were particularly active in four conflicts: the Russo-Turkish wars of Russo–Turkish War (1735–1739), 1735–39 and Russo-Turkish War (1787–92) ...
*4th Amur River Flotilla
*Frunze Higher Naval School
The Peter the Great Naval Corps - St. Petersburg Naval Institute (), formerly known as the M.V. Frunze Higher Naval School (named after Mikhail Frunze, in ), is the oldest of the Russian Navy's naval officer commissioning schools. It is located i ...
*N.G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy
The N. G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy (russian: Военно-морская академия имени Н. Г. Кузнецова) is the main staff college and postgraduate institution for the Russian Navy and is located in Saint Petersburg.
In ...
Statute of the modern award
The Order of Ushakov is awarded to command grade officers of formations and divisions of the Navy for:
*skilful organization and conduct of operations during naval combat during which, despite the numerical superiority of the enemy, the objectives of the operation were carried out;
*skilful naval manoeuvres leading to the defeat of superior enemy naval forces;
*initiative and determination in choosing a place and time of application of the main attack which led to the defeat of the enemy enabling the preservation and combat readiness
readiness is a condition of the armed forces and their constituent units and formations, warships, aircraft, weapon systems or other military technology and equipment to perform during combat military operations, or functions consistent with the ...
of forces (troops);
*the destruction of the enemy fleet or shore facilities;
*skilful organization causing a sudden and decisive blow to enemy forces based on interaction with other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
*skilful organization in repelling enemy attacks from the sea while retaining the fighting ability of formations and of forces (troops), of operational facilities on home territory, of the main ports of the fleet;
*success in combined naval (air / sea), amphibious operations
Amphibious warfare is a type of offensive military operation that today uses naval ships to project ground and air power onto a hostile or potentially hostile shore at a designated landing beach. Through history the operations were conducted ...
, which resulted in achieving its goals.
The Order of Ushakov may also be awarded to military units and formations of the Navy for participation in successful naval operations. It may also be awarded to foreign citizens - soldiers of allied forces from among its senior officers involved alongside troops of the Russian Federation
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. for organizing and conducting successful joint operations of allied troops (forces).
The Russian Federation order of precedence dictates that the Order of Ushakov is to be worn on the left side of the chest, and in the presence of other orders of the Russian Federation, is to be located immediately after the Order of Suvorov
The Order of Suvorov () is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named in honor of Russian Generalissimo Prince Alexander Suvorov (1729–1800).
History
The Order of Suvorov was originally a Soviet award established on July 29, 1942 ...
.
Description of the modern award
The Order of Ushakov is a 40 mm wide blue enamelled silver cross pattée
A cross pattée, cross patty or cross paty, also known as a cross formy or cross formée (french: croix pattée, german: Tatzenkreuz), is a type of Christian cross with arms that are narrow at the centre, and often flared in a curve or straight ...
, seven silver rays of increasing size protrude from the center between each cross arm. On the obverse
Obverse and its opposite, reverse, refer to the two flat faces of coins and some other two-sided objects, including paper money, flags, seals, medals, drawings, old master prints and other works of art, and printed fabrics. In this usage, ''o ...
, a convex central blue enamelled medallion superimposed over a ship's anchor, the arms and flukes, stock and shackle visible. On the medallion, the gilded bust of Admiral Fyodor Ushakov half turned to the left. Below the medallion, on the crown and arms of the anchor, crossed gilded branches of oak and laurel. On either side of the bust, following the medallion's circumference, the gilded relief inscription "ADMIRAL USHAKOV" (russian: «АДМИРАЛ УШАКОВ»). The maximum distance between the tips of opposing silver rays is 45 mm. The plain reverse bears only a relief "N" and a line for the award serial number.
The badge of the Order is suspended by a ring through the award's suspension loop to a standard Russian pentagonal mount covered by an overlapping 24 mm wide white silk moiré ribbon with a 4 mm wide blue central stripe and two 2 mm blue edge stripes.
Notable Recipients
See also
* Admiral Fyodor Ushakov
*
*Awards and decorations of the Soviet Union
Awards and decorations of the Soviet Union are decorations from the former Soviet Union that recognised achievements and personal accomplishments, both military and civilian. Some of the awards, decorations, and orders were discontinued after the ...
*Ushakov Medal
The Medal of Ushakov (russian: Медаль Ушакова) is a state decoration of the Russian Federation that was retained from the awards system of the USSR post 1991.
Award history
The Medal of Ushakov was a Soviet military award created o ...
* Soviet Navy
* Russian Navy
*Great Patriotic War
The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers against the Soviet Union (USSR), Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltics), and Sout ...
References
External links
The Commission on State Awards to the President of the Russian Federation
The Russian Gazette
Site of the President of the Russian Federation
Legal Library of the USSR
{{Russian Awards
Military awards and decorations of Russia
Orders, decorations, and medals of Russia
Russian awards
Military awards and decorations of the Soviet Union
Awards established in 1944