The Order of the Redeemer ( el, Τάγμα του Σωτήρος, translit=Tágma tou Sotíros), also known as the Order of the Saviour, is an

order of merit The Order of Merit (french: link=no, Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by ...

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders wit ...

. The Order of the Redeemer is the oldest and highest decoration awarded by the modern Greek state.

Establishment

The establishment of the Order of the Redeemer was decided by the Fourth National Assembly at Argos in 1829, during the final year of the

Greek War of Independence The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1829. The Greeks were later assisted ...

. The decision was not immediately implemented, however, and the relevant decree was signed in

Nafplio Nafplio ( ell, Ναύπλιο) is a coastal city located in the Peloponnese in Greece and it is the capital of the regional unit of Argolis and an important touristic destination. Founded in antiquity, the city became an important seaport in the ...

by the Regency Council ( Josef Ludwig von Armansperg,

Karl von Abel Karl von Abel (September 17, 1788 – September 3, 1859) was a Bavarian statesman. Born in Wetzlar, Abel was the son of a procurator at the superior Court of Justice. He studied law in Gießen from 1806-1809, and became a civil servant of Bavari ...

and Georg Ludwig von Maurer) in the name of King

Otto Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants ''Audo'', '' Odo'', '' Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorde ...

on May 20, 1833.
Government Gazette 19, issue A, dated 20 Jan. 1833
According to the decree of establishment, the name of the Order "shall recall the, by divine assistance miraculously and fortuitously accomplished, salvation of Greece".

Grades and award criteria

Since its establishment in 1833, and in common with all Greek orders of merit, the Order of the Redeemer has five classes: * GRE Order Redeemer 1Class

''Grand Cross'' () – wears the badge of the Order on a sash on the right shoulder, and the star of the Order on the left chest; * GRE Order Redeemer 2Class

''Grand Commander'' () – wears the badge of the Order on a necklet, and the star of the Order on the right chest; * GRE Order Redeemer 3Class

''Commander'' () - wears the badge of the Order on a necklet; * GRE Order Redeemer 4Class

''Gold Cross'' () – wears the badge on a ribbon on the left chest; * Order of the Redeemer Ribbon bar

''Silver Cross'' () – wears the badge on a ribbon on the left chest. According to the original decree, the Order was to be awarded to those Greek citizens who took part in the War of Independence, or "who should distinguish themselves henceforth in any branch of public service, in the army and navy, in the diplomatic and judicial corps, in public administration, in the arts, science, agriculture and industry, commerce, or should distinguish themselves in any other social field through outstanding civic virtue, and through illustrious services to the Throne, for the Glory of the Hellenic name and for the welfare of the fatherland", while foreigners were admitted either for past services to Greece, or due to their ability "to bring honour to the Order, through their outstanding personal virtues and excellence". The original decree set specific limits on the number of awards: while the Silver Cross could be awarded at will, Gold Crosses were limited to 120, Commanders to 30, Grand Commanders to 20, and Grand Crosses to 12. Foreign recipients and princes of the Greek royal family did not count to these totals. In modern times, in practice the Grand Cross is awarded only to foreign heads of state. The first person to be awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer was King

Ludwig I of Bavaria en, Louis Charles Augustus , image = Joseph Karl Stieler - King Ludwig I in his Coronation Robes - WGA21796.jpg , caption = Portrait by Joseph Stieler, 1825 , succession=King of Bavaria , reign = , coronation ...

, the father of King Otto, in 1833. Other distinguished recipients included Andreas Miaoulis in 1835, Baron Guenther Heinrich von Berg on 21 February 1837 Petrobey Mavromichalis,

Alexandros Mavrokordatos Alexandros Mavrokordatos ( el, Αλέξανδρος Μαυροκορδάτος; 11 February 179118 August 1865) was a Greek statesman, diplomat, politician and member of the Mavrocordatos family of Phanariotes. Biography In 1812, Mavrokordatos w ...

and Lazaros Kountouriotis in 1836, Andreas Zaimis,

Theodoros Kolokotronis Theodoros Kolokotronis ( el, Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης; 3 April 1770 – 4 February 1843) was a Greek general and the pre-eminent leader of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) against the Ottoman Empire. Kolokotronis's gr ...

and Georgios Kountouriotis in 1837, and Konstantinos Kanaris in 1864.

Insignia

The form of the various insignias has been altered a number of times since the establishment of the order, the most obvious change being the removal of the crown during the periods of republican rule. The present form of insignias is regulated by Presidential Decree 849/1975 (). The original decree of 1833 described the ''badge'' of the Order as consisting of a white enamelled

Maltese cross The Maltese cross is a cross symbol, consisting of four " V" or arrowhead shaped concave quadrilaterals converging at a central vertex at right angles, two tips pointing outward symmetrically. It is a heraldic cross variant which develop ...

(silver for the Silver Cross, gold for the higher grades), surmounted by a crown, set on a green enamelled wreath, one half of which is an oak branch and the other half a laurel branch. The obverse featured a white cross on a blue background (the coat of arms of Greece) with Otto's Bavarian arms in an

inescutcheon In heraldry, an escutcheon () is a shield that forms the main or focal element in an achievement of arms. The word can be used in two related senses. In the first sense, an escutcheon is the shield upon which a coat of arms is displayed. In the ...

in the centre, surrounded by this inscription on an outer ring: ("Thy right hand, O Lord, is become glorious in power",

Exodus Exodus or the Exodus may refer to: Religion * Book of Exodus, second book of the Hebrew Torah and the Christian Bible * The Exodus, the biblical story of the migration of the ancient Israelites from Egypt into Canaan Historical events * Exo ...

, 15:6). The reverse featured a portrait of Otto with the circular inscription: ("Otto, King of Greece"). After Otto's deposition in 1863, his portrait was removed and substituted by an

icon An icon () is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, in the cultures of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Catholic churches. They are not simply artworks; "an icon is a sacred image used in religious devotion". The most c ...

Jesus Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religiou ...

, the ''Redeemer'' of

Orthodox Christian Orthodoxy (from Greek: ) is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion. Orthodoxy within Christianity refers to acceptance of the doctrines defined by various creeds and ecumenical councils in Antiquity, but different Churche ...

soteriology Soteriology (; el, wikt:σωτηρία, σωτηρία ' "salvation" from wikt:σωτήρ, σωτήρ ' "savior, preserver" and wikt:λόγος, λόγος ' "study" or "word") is the study of Doctrine, religious doctrines of salvation. Salvation ...

. This resulted in the wearing of this side as the obverse, with the national coat of arms (purged of the Bavarian escutcheon) relegated to the reverse, and the inscriptions correspondingly changed: the obverse's inscription remained in place, and the reverse came to feature a new inscription: ("The IV National Assembly of the Hellenes at Argos – 1829"). The ''star'' of the Order is an eight-pointed faceted silver star with the same central disc as on the badge of the Order. At first the stars were embroidered, but eventually, they were made of solid silver, a practice that continues to this day. The ''ribbon'' of the Order is light blue, edged with white, reflecting the national colours of Greece.

Recipients

* Prince Aage, Count of Rosenborg * Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (1828–1875) *

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Alexander II of Russia Alexander II ( rus, Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Fin ...

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* Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse *

Alexander of Battenberg Alexander Joseph ( bg, Александър I Батенберг; 5 April 185717 November 1893), known as Alexander of Battenberg, was the first prince (''knyaz'') of the Principality of Bulgaria from 1879 until his abdication in 1886. The Bulga ...

* Alexander of Greece * Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine *

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Gyula Andrássy Count Gyula Andrássy de Csíkszentkirály et Krasznahorka (8 March 1823 – 18 February 1890) was a Hungarian statesman, who served as Prime Minister of Hungary (1867–1871) and subsequently as Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary (1871– ...

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* Prince Arthur of Connaught * Prince Axel of Denmark *

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* Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust *

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* Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff *

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* Charles XV * Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1844–1894) * Prince Charles, Count of Flanders *

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* Richard Church (general) *

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* Prince Constantine Alexios of Greece and Denmark *

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* Spyromilios * John Cowans * Maximilian Daublebsky von Sterneck * Adolf von Deines * Jules de Trooz *

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* Prince Eduard of Saxe-Altenburg *

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* Alfred Mordaunt Egerton * Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia *

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* Gaston Errembault de Dudzeele * Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke *

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* Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin *

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* Prince Frederick of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen *

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* Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein * Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia *

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* Boutros Ghali * Agenor Maria Gołuchowski *

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* Prince Gustav of Denmark * Gustav, Prince of Vasa *

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* Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin *

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* Sergěj Ingr (Grand Commander, 1932) *

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* Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg * Archduke Johann Salvator of Austria * Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg * Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg *

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* Konstantinos Kanaris *

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* Prince Karl Theodor of Bavaria * Gustav von Kessel * Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia *

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* Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst * Georgios Kountouriotis * Lazaros Kountouriotis * Auguste, Baron Lambermont *

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* Anastasios Londos * Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse * Prince Louis of Battenberg * A. Maurice Low *

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* Luís I of Portugal *

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* Petrobey Mavromichalis *

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* Andreas Miaoulis *

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* Zygmunt Mineyko *

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* Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg *

August Myhrberg August Maximilian Myhrberg (24 July 1797 – 31 March 1867) was a Finns, Finnish-Sweden, Swedish military officer and revolutionary. After abandoning his studies at the Uppsala University, he pursued a military career by supporting the liberals i ...

Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A neph ...

Nicholas II of Russia Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Pola ...

* Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia * Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1831–1891) *

Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark (Greek: Νικόλαος; born 1 October 1969) is the third child of Constantine II and Anne-Marie of Denmark, who were the last King and Queen of Greece, reigning from 1964 to 1973. Early life Nikolaos wa ...

* Olga Constantinovna of Russia *

Oscar II Oscar II (Oscar Fredrik; 21 January 1829 – 8 December 1907) was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death in 1907 and King of Norway from 1872 to 1905. Oscar was the son of King Oscar I and Queen Josephine. He inherited the Swedish and Norwe ...

* Otto of Bavaria *

Otto of Greece Otto (, ; 1 June 181526 July 1867) was a Bavarian prince who ruled as King of Greece from the establishment of the monarchy on 27 May 1832, under the Convention of London, until he was deposed on 23 October 1862. The second son of King Lu ...

Paul of Greece Paul ( el, Παύλος, ''Pávlos''; 14 December 1901 – 6 March 1964) was King of Greece from 1 April 1947 until his death in 1964. He was succeeded by his son, Constantine II. Paul was first cousin to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh an ...

Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece ( el, Παύλος; born 20 May 1967) is the eldest son and second child of Constantine II, the last King of Greece from 1964 to 1973 and his wife, Anne-Marie of Denmark. He was heir apparent to the throne of Gr ...

Philippe of Belgium Philippe or Filip ( nl, Filip Leopold Lodewijk Maria ; french: Philippe Léopold Louis Marie ; born 15 April 1960) is King of the Belgians. He is the eldest child of King Albert II and Queen Paola. He succeeded his father upon the latter's abdi ...

Queen Mathilde of Belgium Mathilde (born '' Jonkvrouw'' Mathilde Marie Christine Ghislaine d'Udekem d'Acoz ; 20 January 1973) is Queen of the Belgians as the wife of King Philippe. She is the first native-born Belgian queen. She has founded and assisted charities t ...

* Pedro II of Brazil *

Georgios Pentzikis Georgios Pentzikis (Greek: Γεώργιος Πεντζίκης) was a Greek chieftain of the Macedonian Struggle. Biography He was born in the mid-19th century in Thessaloniki and was a doctor. In 1898 he joined the ''Philoptochos Brotherhoo ...

Duke Peter of Oldenburg Duke Constantine Frederick Peter of Oldenburg (german: Konstantin Friedrich Peter; russian: Пётр Гео́ргиевич Ольденбу́ргский, translit=Pëtr Geórgievič Ol'denbúrgskij; – ) was a Duke of the House of Oldenburg. ...

* Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen *

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, later Philip Mountbatten; 10 June 1921 – 9 April 2021) was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. As such, he served as the consort of the British monarch from El ...

* Hans von Plessen * François Pouqueville *

Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel Frederick William George Adolphus, Landgrave of Hesse (german: Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Adolf von Hessen-Kassel; 25 November 1820 – 14 October 1884) was the only son of Wilhelm I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel-Rumpenheim and Princess Louise Charlotte ...

Patrick Quinn (Metropolitan Police officer) Sir Patrick Quinn (1855 – 9 June 1936) was an Irish officer of the Metropolitan Police. Biography Quinn was born in 1855, the third son of Timothy Quinn and Bridget Nalty of County Mayo. In 1883, he was attached to the Criminal Investigatio ...

Joseph Radetzky von Radetz Johann Josef Wenzel Anton Franz Karl, Graf Radetzky von Radetz ( en, John Joseph Wenceslaus Anthony Francis Charles, Count Radetzky of Radetz; cz, Jan Josef Václav Antonín František Karel hrabě Radecký z Radče; sl, Janez Jožef Vencelj ...

* Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria *

Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria en, Rudolph Francis Charles Joseph , caption = Rudolf in 1887 , spouse = , issue = Elisabeth Marie, Princess Otto of Windisch-Graetz , house = Habsburg-Lorraine , father = Franz Joseph I of Austria , moth ...

Spyridon Samaras Spyridon-Filiskos Samaras (also Spyros, Spiro Samára; el, Σπυρίδων Σαμάρας) () was a Greek composer particularly admired for his operas who was part of the generation of composers that heralded the works of Giacomo Puccini. His co ...

* Gustav von Senden-Bibran * Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha *

Konstantinos Smolenskis Konstantinos Smolenskis or Smolents ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Σμολένσκης/Σμόλεντς, 1843–1915) was a Hellenic Army officer. Descendant of a family that had settled in the Habsburg monarchy and returned to Greece after the ...

Leonidas Smolents Leonidas Smolents, Smolenits or Smolenskis ( el, Λεωνίδας Σμόλεντς/Σμόλενιτς/Σμολένσκης; 1806–1882) was an Austrian army officer of Greek origin, who after 1830 settled in the newly independent Kingdom of Greece ...

Dionysios Solomos Dionysios Solomos (; el, Διονύσιος Σολωμός ; 8 April 1798 – 9 February 1857) was a Greek poet from Zakynthos, who is considered to be Greece's national poet. He is best known for writing the ''Hymn to Liberty'' ( el, Ὕμ� ...

* Hermann von Spaun *

Stepa Stepanović Stepan "Stepa" Stepanović ( sr-cyr, Степан Степа Степановић, ; – 29 April 1929) was a Serbian military commander who fought in the Serbo-Turkish War, the Serbo-Bulgarian War, the First Balkan War, the Second Bal ...

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk Tomáš () is a Czech and Slovak given name, equivalent to the name Thomas. It may refer to: * Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850–1937), first President of Czechoslovakia * Tomáš Baťa (1876–1932), Czech footwear entrepreneur * Tomáš Berdyc ...

* Harold Stevens (broadcaster) *

Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen Ludwig Samson Heinrich Arthur Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen (18 June 181526 April 1881) was a Bavarian general. Early life Born in Darmstadt, on the day of Waterloo, Ludwig was a descendant from the old family of von der Tann, which ...

* Georgios Theocharis * Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem *

Alfred von Tirpitz Alfred Peter Friedrich von Tirpitz (19 March 1849 – 6 March 1930) was a German grand admiral, Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office, the powerful administrative branch of the German Imperial Navy from 1897 until 1916. Prussia ...

Umberto II of Italy en, Albert Nicholas Thomas John Maria of Savoy , house = Savoy , father = Victor Emmanuel III of Italy , mother = Princess Elena of Montenegro , birth_date = , birth_place = Racconigi, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy , ...

* Prince Valdemar of Denmark * Prince Viggo, Count of Rosenborg * Étienne de Villaret *

Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples , house = Savoy , spouse = , issue = Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice , father = Umberto II of Italy , mother = Princess Marie-José of Belgium , birth_date = , birth_place = Naples, Kingdo ...

John Weston (pioneer aviator and motor caravanner) John Weston (born Maximilian John Ludwick Weston) was a South African aeronautical engineer, pioneer aviator, farmer and soldier. He travelled extensively in a motor caravan ( RV) that he designed and built himself. Weston was a pioneer of avi ...

Wilhelm II, German Emperor Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (german: Kaiser) and List of monarchs of Prussia, King of Prussia, reigning from 15 June 1888 until Abdication of Wilhelm II, his abdication on 9 ...

Wilhelm, German Crown Prince Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, Crown Prince of Prussia (Friedrich Wilhelm Victor August Ernst; 6 May 1882 – 20 July 1951) was the eldest child of the last ''Kaiser'', the German Emperor, Wilhelm II, and his consort Augusta Victoria of Schl ...

Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World Wa ...

Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands Willem-Alexander (; Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand; born ) is King of the Netherlands, having acceded to the throne following his mother's abdication in 2013. Willem-Alexander was born in Utrecht as the oldest child of Princess Beat ...

* Queen Máxima of the Netherlands *

William I, German Emperor William I or Wilhelm I (german: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the ...

* William, Prince of Hohenzollern * Arthur Winnington-Ingram *

Sergei Witte Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte (; ), also known as Sergius Witte, was a Russian statesman who served as the first prime minister of the Russian Empire, replacing the tsar as head of the government. Neither a liberal nor a conservative, he attract ...

* Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1846–1877) *

Basil Zaharoff Sir Basil Zaharoff, GCB, GBE (born Vasileios Zacharias; el, Βασίλειος Zαχαρίας Ζαχάρωφ; October 6, 1849 – November 27, 1936) was a Greek arms dealer and industrialist. One of the richest men in the world during his ...

Todor Zhivkov Todor Hristov Zhivkov ( bg, Тодор Христов Живков ; 7 September 1911 – 5 August 1998) was a Bulgarian communist statesman who served as the ''de facto'' leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB) from 1954 until 1989 ...

* August zu Eulenburg * Emmanouil Zymvrakakis * Emir Abdelkader (1808-1883) * Joice NanKivell Loch

References

External links

The Greek Royal Orders
{{Honors and decorations of Greece Orders, decorations, and medals of Greece 1833 establishments in Greece Awards established in 1833 Redeemer