The Order of the Redeemer ( el, Τάγμα του Σωτήρος, translit=Tágma tou Sotíros), also known as the Order of the Saviour, is an
order of merit
The Order of Merit (french: link=no, Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by K ...
of
Greece
Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...
. The Order of the Redeemer is the oldest and highest decoration awarded by the
modern Greek state
The history of modern Greece covers the history of Greece from the recognition by the Great Powers — Britain, France and Russia — of its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1828 to the present day.
Background
The Byzantine Empire had ...
.
Establishment
The establishment of the Order of the Redeemer was decided by the
Fourth National Assembly at Argos
The Fourth National Assembly at Argos ( el, Δʹ Εθνοσυνέλευση Άργους) was a Greek convention which sat at Argos from 11 July to 6 August 1829, during the Greek War of Independence.
The Fourth National Assembly followed on f ...
in 1829, during the final year of the
Greek War of Independence
The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1829. The Greeks were later assisted by ...
.
The decision was not immediately implemented, however, and the relevant decree was signed in
Nafplio
Nafplio ( ell, Ναύπλιο) is a coastal city located in the Peloponnese in Greece and it is the capital of the regional unit of Argolis and an important touristic destination. Founded in antiquity, the city became an important seaport in the ...
by the Regency Council (
Josef Ludwig von Armansperg
Josef Ludwig, Graf von Armansperg ( el, Κόμης Ιωσήφ Λουδοβίκος Άρμανσπεργκ; 28 February 1787 – 3 April 1853) served as the Interior and Finance Minister (1826–1828) and Foreign and Finance Minister (1828–1831) u ...
,
Karl von Abel and
Georg Ludwig von Maurer
Georg Ludwig Maurer, from 1831 Georg Ludwig von Maurer (2 November 1790 – 9 May 1872) was a German statesman and legal historian from the Electoral Palatinate.
Biography
Maurer was born at Erpolzheim, near Dürkheim as the son of a Protes ...
) in the name of King
Otto
Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants ''Audo'', ''Odo'', ''Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity".
The name is recorded fro ...
on May 20, 1833.
Government Gazette 19, issue A, dated 20 Jan. 1833
According to the decree of establishment, the name of the Order "shall recall the, by divine assistance miraculously and fortuitously accomplished, salvation of Greece".
Grades and award criteria
Since its establishment in 1833, and in common with all Greek orders of merit, the Order of the Redeemer has five classes:
*
''Grand Cross'' () – wears the badge of the Order on a sash on the right shoulder, and the star of the Order on the left chest;
*
''Grand Commander'' () – wears the badge of the Order on a necklet, and the star of the Order on the right chest;
*
''Commander'' () - wears the badge of the Order on a necklet;
*
''Gold Cross'' () – wears the badge on a ribbon on the left chest;
*
''Silver Cross'' () – wears the badge on a ribbon on the left chest.
According to the original decree, the Order was to be awarded to those Greek citizens who took part in the War of Independence, or "who should distinguish themselves henceforth in any branch of public service, in the army and navy, in the diplomatic and judicial corps, in public administration, in the arts, science, agriculture and industry, commerce, or should distinguish themselves in any other social field through outstanding civic virtue, and through illustrious services to the Throne, for the Glory of the Hellenic name and for the welfare of the fatherland", while foreigners were admitted either for past services to Greece, or due to their ability "to bring honour to the Order, through their outstanding personal virtues and excellence".
The original decree set specific limits on the number of awards: while the Silver Cross could be awarded at will, Gold Crosses were limited to 120, Commanders to 30, Grand Commanders to 20, and Grand Crosses to 12. Foreign recipients and princes of the
Greek royal family
The Greek royal family (Greek: Ελληνική Βασιλική Οικογένεια) is a branch of the Danish royal family, itself a branch of the House of Glücksburg, that reigned in Greece from 1863 to 1924 and again from 1935 to 1973. It ...
did not count to these totals.
In modern times, in practice the Grand Cross is awarded only to foreign heads of state.
The first person to be awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer was King
Ludwig I of Bavaria
en, Louis Charles Augustus
, image = Joseph Karl Stieler - King Ludwig I in his Coronation Robes - WGA21796.jpg
, caption = Portrait by Joseph Stieler, 1825
, succession=King of Bavaria
, reign =
, coronation ...
, the father of King Otto, in 1833.
Other distinguished recipients included
Andreas Miaoulis
Andreas Vokos, better known by his nickname Miaoulis ( el, Ανδρέας Βώκος Μιαούλης; 1765 – 24 June 1835), was a Greek revolutionary, admiral, and politician who commanded Greek naval forces during the Greek War of Indepe ...
in 1835, Baron Guenther Heinrich von Berg on 21 February 1837
Petrobey Mavromichalis
Petros Mavromichalis (; 1765–1848), also known as Petrobey ( ), was a Greek general, politician and the leader of the Maniot people during the first half of the 19th century. His family had a long history of revolts against the Ottoman Emp ...
,
Alexandros Mavrokordatos
Alexandros Mavrokordatos ( el, Αλέξανδρος Μαυροκορδάτος; 11 February 179118 August 1865) was a Greece, Greek statesman, diplomat, politician and member of the Mavrocordatos family of Phanariotes.
Biography
In 1812, Mavroko ...
and
Lazaros Kountouriotis
Lazaros Kountouriotis ( el, Λάζαρος Κουντουριώτης; 1769 - 6 June 1852 or 12 June 1852) was a Greek Senator of the 1844 Senate and a major actor of the Greek War of Independence.
Life
Lazaros Kountouriotis was born in Hydra in ...
in 1836,
Andreas Zaimis
Andreas Asimakis Zaimis ( el, Ανδρέας Ζαΐμης; 1791 – 4 May 1840) was a Greek freedom fighter and government leader during the Greek War of Independence.
Biography
Born in Kalavryta, in the northern Peloponnesos, Zaimis was a pri ...
,
Theodoros Kolokotronis
Theodoros Kolokotronis ( el, Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης; 3 April 1770 – 4 February 1843) was a Greek general and the pre-eminent leader of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) against the Ottoman Empire. Kolokotronis's g ...
and
Georgios Kountouriotis
Georgios Kountouriotis ( el, Γεώργιος Κουντουριώτης) (1782 – 13 March 1858) was a Greek ship-owner and politician who served as prime minister from March to October 1848.
Life
He was born in 1782 on the Saronic island of ...
in 1837, and
Konstantinos Kanaris
Konstantinos Kanaris ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Κανάρης, ; c. 17901877), also anglicised as Constantine Kanaris or Canaris, was a Greek admiral, Prime Minister, and a hero of the Greek War of Independence.Woodhouse, p. 129.
Bio ...
in 1864.
Insignia
The form of the various insignias has been altered a number of times since the establishment of the order, the most obvious change being the removal of the crown during the periods of
republican rule. The present form of insignias is regulated by Presidential Decree 849/1975 ().
The original decree of 1833 described the ''badge'' of the Order as consisting of a white enamelled
Maltese cross (silver for the Silver Cross, gold for the higher grades), surmounted by a crown, set on a green enamelled wreath, one half of which is an
oak
An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably ''L ...
branch and the other half a
laurel
Laurel may refer to:
Plants
* Lauraceae, the laurel family
* Laurel (plant), including a list of trees and plants known as laurel
People
* Laurel (given name), people with the given name
* Laurel (surname), people with the surname
* Laurel (mus ...
branch.
The obverse featured a white cross on a blue background (the
coat of arms of Greece) with Otto's
Bavarian arms in an
inescutcheon
In heraldry, an escutcheon () is a shield that forms the main or focal element in an achievement of arms. The word can be used in two related senses. In the first sense, an escutcheon is the shield upon which a coat of arms is displayed. In the s ...
in the centre, surrounded by this inscription on an outer ring: ("Thy right hand, O Lord, is become glorious in power",
Exodus
Exodus or the Exodus may refer to:
Religion
* Book of Exodus, second book of the Hebrew Torah and the Christian Bible
* The Exodus, the biblical story of the migration of the ancient Israelites from Egypt into Canaan
Historical events
* Ex ...
, 15:6).
The reverse featured a portrait of Otto with the circular inscription: ("Otto, King of Greece").
After Otto's deposition in 1863, his portrait was removed and substituted by an
icon
An icon () is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, in the cultures of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Catholic churches. They are not simply artworks; "an icon is a sacred image used in religious devotion". The most ...
of
Jesus
Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious ...
, the ''Redeemer'' of
Orthodox Christian
Orthodoxy (from Greek: ) is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion.
Orthodoxy within Christianity refers to acceptance of the doctrines defined by various creeds and ecumenical councils in Antiquity, but different Churche ...
soteriology
Soteriology (; el, σωτηρία ' "salvation" from σωτήρ ' "savior, preserver" and λόγος ' "study" or "word") is the study of religious doctrines of salvation. Salvation theory occupies a place of special significance in many religio ...
. This resulted in the wearing of this side as the obverse, with the national coat of arms (purged of the Bavarian escutcheon) relegated to the reverse, and the inscriptions correspondingly changed: the obverse's inscription remained in place, and the reverse came to feature a new inscription: ("The IV National Assembly of the Hellenes at Argos – 1829").
The ''star'' of the Order is an eight-pointed faceted silver star with the same central disc as on the badge of the Order. At first the stars were embroidered, but eventually, they were made of solid silver, a practice that continues to this day.
The ''ribbon'' of the Order is light blue, edged with white, reflecting the
national colours of Greece
The national colours of Greece are blue and white.
Blue and white are also the national colours of Israel, Argentina, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, were the former national colours of Portugal, and are the colours of the Uni ...
.
Recipients
*
Prince Aage, Count of Rosenborg
Prince Aage, Count of Rosenborg, (Aage Christian Alexander Robert; 10 June 1887 – 19 February 1940) was a Danish prince and officer of the French Foreign Legion. He was born in Copenhagen the eldest child and son of Prince Valdemar of Denmark and ...
*
Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (1828–1875) en, Adalbert William George Louis
, title =
, image = Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (1828–1875).jpg
, caption =
, spouse =
, issue = Prince Ludwig Ferdinand Prince Alfons Isabella, Duchess of GenoaPrincess ElviraPrincess ...
*
Prince Adalbert of Prussia (1811–1873)
Prince Heinrich Wilhelm Adalbert of Prussia (29 October 1811 – 6 June 1873) was a son of Prince Wilhelm of Prussia and Landgravine Marie Anna of Hesse-Homburg. He was a naval theorist and admiral. He was instrumental during the Revolutions of ...
*
Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal
Alois Leopold Johann Baptist Graf Lexa von Aehrenthal (27 September 1854 – 17 February 1912) was diplomat from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Biographer Solomon Wank says he exuded a strong monarchical-conservative outlook, loyalty to the Empire, ...
*
Prince Albert of Prussia (1809–1872)
Prince Frederick Henry Albert of Prussia (german: Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht; 4 October 1809 – 14 October 1872) was the fifth son and youngest child of King Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. His parents had f ...
*
Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen
Archduke Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf Dominik of Austria, Duke of Teschen (3 August 1817 – 18 February 1895), was an Austrian Habsburg general. He was the grandson of Emperor Leopold II and one of the chief military advisors of Emperor Francis ...
*
Alexander I of Yugoslavia
Alexander I ( sr-Cyrl, Александар I Карађорђевић, Aleksandar I Karađorđević, ) ( – 9 October 1934), also known as Alexander the Unifier, was the prince regent of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1914 and later the King of Yug ...
*
Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II ( rus, Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, Congress Poland, King of Poland and Gra ...
*
Alexander III of Russia
Alexander III ( rus, Алекса́ндр III Алекса́ндрович, r=Aleksandr III Aleksandrovich; 10 March 18451 November 1894) was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 18 ...
*
Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse
Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse (german: Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm Albrecht Georg Landgraf von Hessen, 25 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a German prince of the House of Hesse.
Biography
He was the son of Prince Frederick Willi ...
*
Alexander of Battenberg
Alexander Joseph ( bg, Александър I Батенберг; 5 April 185717 November 1893), known as Alexander of Battenberg, was the first prince ('' knyaz'') of the Principality of Bulgaria from 1879 until his abdication in 1886. The Bul ...
*
Alexander of Greece
Alexander ( el, Αλέξανδρος, ''Aléxandros''; 1 August 189325 October 1920) was King of Greece from 11 June 1917 until his death three years later, at the age of 27, from the effects of a monkey bite.
The second son of King Constanti ...
*
Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine
Prince Alexander Ludwig Georg Friedrich Emil of Hesse and by Rhine, (15 July 1823 – 15 December 1888), was the third son and fourth child of Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Wilhelmine of Baden. He was a brother of Tsarina Maria Alexandr ...
*
Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark
Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark ( el, Αλεξία; born 10 July 1965) is a Greek princess and educator. She is the eldest child of Constantine II and Anne-Marie of Denmark, who were King and Queen of Greece from 1964 until the abolition ...
*
Alfred, 2nd Prince of Montenuovo
Alfred, 2nd Prince of Montenuovo and Grandee of Spain (16 September 18546 September 1927) was one of the highest court officials of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. Among his ancestors were members of the House of Habsburg and the Medici family. ...
*
Gyula Andrássy
Count Gyula Andrássy de Csíkszentkirály et Krasznahorka (8 March 1823 – 18 February 1890) was a Hungarian statesman, who served as Prime Minister of Hungary (1867–1871) and subsequently as Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary (1871–1 ...
*
Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark
Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark ( el, Ανδρέας; da, Andreas; – 3 December 1944) of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, was the seventh child and fourth son of King George I of Greece and Olga Constantino ...
*
Prince Arthur of Connaught
Prince Arthur of Connaught (Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert; 13 January 1883 – 12 September 1938) was a British military officer and a grandson of Queen Victoria. He served as Governor-General of the Union of South Africa from 20 November 1920 ...
*
Prince Axel of Denmark
Prince Axel of Denmark, ( Danish: ''Prins Axel Christian Georg til Danmark''; 12 August 1888 – 14 July 1964) was a member of the Danish royal family. He was the second son of Prince Valdemar of Denmark and Princess Marie of Orléans, and a gr ...
*
Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg
Maximilian Joseph Eugene Auguste Napoleon de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg, Prince Romanowsky (2 October 1817 – 1 November 1852) was the husband of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna of Russia and first cousin of Emperors Napoleon III of ...
*
Prince Oscar Bernadotte
Prince Oscar Carl August Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (15 November 1859 – 4 October 1953) was a Swedish religious activist, the second son of King Oscar II of Sweden and his consort, Sofia of Nassau. Born as a Prince of Sweden and Norway, h ...
*
Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust
Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust (german: link=no, Friedrich Ferdinand Graf von Beust; 13 January 1809 – 24 October 1886) was a German and Austrian statesman. As an opponent of Otto von Bismarck, he attempted to conclude a common policy of th ...
*
Herbert von Bismarck
Nikolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert, Prince of Bismarck (born Nikolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen; 28 December 1849 – 18 September 1904) was a German politician, who served as Foreign Secretary from 1886 to 1890. H ...
*
Otto von Bismarck
Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (, ; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was a conservative German statesman and diplomat. From his origins in the upper class of J ...
*
Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff
Walther Franz Georg Bronsart von Schellendorff (21 December 1833, in Danzig – 13 December 1914, at Gut Marienhof, Amt Güstrow, Mecklenburg), Dr. jur. h.c., was a Prussian General of the Infantry ''à la suite'', Adjutant-General to the ...
*
Bernhard von Bülow
Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin, Prince of Bülow (german: Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin Fürst von Bülow ; 3 May 1849 – 28 October 1929) was a German statesman who served as the foreign minister for three years and then as the chancellor of t ...
*
Carl XVI Gustaf
Carl XVI Gustaf (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) is King of Sweden. He ascended the throne on the death of his grandfather, Gustaf VI Adolf, on 15 September 1973.
He is the youngest child and only son of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Du ...
*
Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland
Prince Carl of Sweden and Norway, Duke of Västergötland (27 February 1861 – 24 October 1951) was a Swedish prince. Through his daughters, for whom he arranged excellent dynastic marriages, he is an ancestor of several members of European ro ...
*
Carol I of Romania
Carol I or Charles I of Romania (20 April 1839 – ), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914, ruling as Prince (''Domnitor'') from 1866 to 1881, and as King from 1881 to 1914. He w ...
*
Charles XV
Charles XV also Carl (''Carl Ludvig Eugen''); Swedish: ''Karl XV'' and Norwegian: ''Karl IV'' (3 May 1826 – 18 September 1872) was King of Sweden (''Charles XV'') and Norway, there often referred to as Charles IV, from 8 July 1859 until his dea ...
*
*
Prince Charles, Count of Flanders
nl, Karel Theodoor Hendrik Anton Meinrad
, image = Karel van België Charles de Belgique Karl von Belgien.jpg
, image_size = 230px
, spouse = Jacqueline Peyrebrune
, issue = Isabelle
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Bruss ...
*
Prince Charles of Prussia
Prince Frederick Charles Alexander of Prussia (german: Friedrich Karl Alexander; 29 June 1801 – 21 January 1883) was a younger son of Frederick William III of Prussia. He served as a Prussian general for much of his adult life and became the fir ...
*
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...
*
Christian IX of Denmark
Christian IX (8 April 181829 January 1906) was King of Denmark from 1863 until his death in 1906. From 1863 to 1864, he was concurrently Duke of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg.
A younger son of Frederick William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein- ...
*
Christian X of Denmark
Christian X ( da, Christian Carl Frederik Albert Alexander Vilhelm; 26 September 1870 – 20 April 1947) was King of Denmark from 1912 to his death in 1947, and the only King of Iceland as Kristján X, in the form of a personal union rather ...
*
Richard Church (general)
Sir Richard Church (; 23 February 1784 – 20 March 1873)For the date of death see relevant Section of the article explaining the discrepancy of sources was a military officer in the British Army and commander of the Greek forces during the ...
*
Constantine I of Greece
Constantine I ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Αʹ, ''Konstantínos I''; – 11 January 1923) was King of Greece from 18 March 1913 to 11 June 1917 and from 19 December 1920 to 27 September 1922. He was commander-in-chief of the Hellenic Army ...
*
Prince Constantine Alexios of Greece and Denmark
Prince Constantine Alexios of Greece and Denmark ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Αλέξιος; born 29 October 1998) is a member of the non-reigning Greek royal family, the eldest son and second child of Crown Prince Pavlos and Crown Princess ...
*
Constantine II of Greece
Constantine II ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Βʹ, ''Konstantínos II''; 2 June 1940) reigned as the last King of Greece, from 6 March 1964 until the abolition of the Monarchy of Greece, Greek monarchy on 1 June 1973.
Constantine is the only ...
*
Gerasimos Contomichalos
*
Spyromilios
Spyridon "Spyros" Milios ( el, Σπυρίδων "Σπύρος" Μήλιος; 1800–1880), more commonly known as Spyromilios ( el, Σπυρομήλιος), was a Greek revolutionary, general and politician.
Early life
He was born in Himara, ...
*
John Cowans
General (United Kingdom), General Sir John Stephen Cowans, (11 March 1862 – 16 April 1921) was a senior British Army officer who served as Quartermaster-General to the Forces from 1912 to 1919, covering the period of the First World War.
...
*
Maximilian Daublebsky von Sterneck
Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck zu Ehrenstein (14 February 1829 – 5 December 1897) was an Austrian admiral who served as the chief administrator of the Austro-Hungarian Navy from 1883 until his death.
Biography
He was born at Klagen ...
*
Adolf von Deines
Johann Georg Adolf Ritter von Deines (May 30, 1845–November 17, 1911) was a Prussian soldier, diplomat, and educator, as well as a member of the lower nobility.
As a member of the Prussian Army, Deines rose to the rank of Cavalry Gene ...
*
Jules de Trooz
Jules Henri Ghislain Marie, Baron de Trooz (21 February 1857 – 31 December 1907) was a Belgian Catholic Party politician.
De Trooz was born in Leuven, and had studied philosophy before entering politics. He represented Leuven in the Belgian C ...
*
Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia
Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia (russian: Дми́трий Константи́нович; 13 June 1860 – 28 January 1919) was a son of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich and a first cousin of Alexander III of Russia. He followed a ...
*
Prince Eduard of Saxe-Altenburg
Prince Eduard of Saxe-Altenburg (Hildburghausen, 3 July 1804 – Munich, 16 May 1852), was a German prince of the ducal house of Saxe-Hildburghausen (of Saxe-Altenburg from 1826).
Family
He was the seventh but fourth surviving son of Frederic ...
*
Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910.
The second child and eldest son of Queen Victoria an ...
*
Alfred Mordaunt Egerton
Colonel Sir Alfred Mordaunt Egerton, (30 March 1843 – 26 May 1908) was an English soldier and courtier.
Early life and family
Alfred Mordaunt Egerton was born on 30 March 1843, the youngest son of the Rev. Thomas Egerton and his wife, Charlo ...
*
Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia
Prince Wilhelm Eitel Friedrich Christian Karl of Prussia (7 July 1883 – 8 December 1942) was the second son of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany by his first wife, Princess Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. He was born ...
*
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
*
Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
, spouses =
, issue =
, house = Hesse-Darmstadt
, father = Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
, mother =Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
, birth_date =
, birth_place = New Palace, Darmstadt, Gran ...
*
Gaston Errembault de Dudzeele
Antoine Guillaume Joseph Gaston, comte Errembault de Dudzeele ( Tournai 16 October 1819 – St Petersburg 6 February 1888) was a Belgian diplomat.
Biography
Errembault served as Minister of the King of the Belgians to the Ottoman Empire and to th ...
*
Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke
Prince Eugen Napoleon Nicolaus of Sweden and Norway, Duke of Närke (1 August 1865 – 17 August 1947) was a Swedish painter, art collector, and patron of artists.
Background
Prince Eugen was born at Drottningholm Palace as the fourth and ...
*
Theoklitos Farmakidis
Theoklitos Farmakidis (born Theoharis Farmakidis; el, Θεόκλητος (Θεοχάρης) Φαρμακίδης; 1784–1860) was a Greek scholar and journalist. He was a notable figure of the Modern Greek Enlightenment.
Biography
He was born ...
*
Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein
Franz Joseph II (Franz Josef Maria Aloys Alfred Karl Johannes Heinrich Michael Georg Ignaz Benediktus Gerhardus Majella; 16 August 1906 – 13 November 1989) was the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein from 25 July 1938 until his death.
Franz Jose ...
*
Frederick VIII of Denmark
Frederick VIII ( da, Christian Frederik Vilhelm Carl; 3 June 1843 – 14 May 1912) was King of Denmark from 29 January 1906 until his death in 1912.
The eldest son of King Christian IX, nicknamed the ''Father-in-law of Europe'', Frederic ...
*
Frederick IX of Denmark
Frederick IX ( da, Christian Frederik Franz Michael Carl Valdemar Georg; 11 March 1899 – 14 January 1972) was List of Danish monarchs, King of Denmark from 1947 to 1972. Born into the House of Glücksburg, Frederick was the elder son of Ch ...
*
Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Frederick Francis II ( German: ''Friedrich Franz II;'' 28 February 1823 – 15 April 1883) was a Prussian officer and Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 7 March 1842 until 15 April 1883.
Biography
He was born in Schloss Ludwigslust, t ...
*
Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Frederick Francis III (german: Friedrich Franz Paul Nikolaus Ernst Heinrich; 19 March 1851 – 10 April 1897) was the penultimate Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
Biography
He was born in Schloss Ludwigslust as the son of Frederick Francis II, ...
*
Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
, image = Friedrich I Anhalt.jpg
, caption = Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
, succession = Duke of Anhalt
, reign = 22 May 1871 – 24 January 1904
, coronation =
, predecessor = Leopold IV
, successor ...
*
Frederick III, German Emperor
Frederick III (german: Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl; 18 October 1831 – 15 June 1888), or Friedrich III, was German Emperor and King of Prussia for 99 days between March and June 1888, during the Year of the Three Emperors. Known informa ...
*
Prince Frederick of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
, name = Prince Frederick of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
, image = Prince Frederick of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg
, caption =
, spouse = Princess Louise of Thurn and Taxis
, issue =
, house =Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ...
*
Frederick William IV of Prussia
Frederick William IV (german: Friedrich Wilhelm IV.; 15 October 17952 January 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 7 June 1840 to his death on 2 January 1861. Also referred to ...
*
Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
, image = Friedrich Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1819-1904).jpg
, caption = The Grand Duke
, succession =Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
, predecessor = George
, successor = Adolf Frederick V
, reign ...
*
Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein ''
, title = Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
, predecessor = Friedrich
, successor = Wilhelm Friedrich
, succession = Head of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
, house = Glücksburg
, spouse =
, issue ...
*
Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia
Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia (german: Joachim Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Leopold; 14 November 1865 – 13 September 1931) was a son of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia and Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau, married in 1854.
Family
...
*
George I of Greece
George I ( Greek: Γεώργιος Α΄, ''Geórgios I''; 24 December 1845 – 18 March 1913) was King of Greece from 30 March 1863 until his assassination in 1913.
Originally a Danish prince, he was born in Copenhagen, and seemed destined for ...
*
George II of Greece
George II ( el, Γεώργιος Βʹ, ''Geórgios II''; 19 July Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S.:_7_July.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>O.S.:_7_July">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html"_;"title="nowiki/ ...
*
George V
George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until Death and state funeral of George V, his death in 1936.
Born duri ...
*
Boutros Ghali
, image = Boutros Ghali Pasha.jpg
, order = 9th Prime Minister of Egypt
, monarch = Abbas II
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Kiman-al-'Arus, Beni Suef, Ottoman Empire
, death_date =
, death_place = Cairo, Khedivate of ...
*
Agenor Maria Gołuchowski
Count Agenor Maria Adam Gołuchowski (25 March 184928 March 1921) was a Polish politician, statesman who inherited much of his father's wealth. Between 1895 and 1906 he served as the Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary, Minister of Foreign Affair ...
*
Gustaf V
Gustaf V (Oscar Gustaf Adolf; 16 June 1858 – 29 October 1950) was King of Sweden from 8 December 1907 until his death in 1950. He was the eldest son of King Oscar II of Sweden and Sophia of Nassau, a half-sister of Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxe ...
*
Gustaf VI Adolf
Gustaf VI Adolf (Oscar Fredrik Wilhelm Olaf Gustaf Adolf; 11 November 1882 – 15 September 1973) was King of Sweden from 29 October 1950 until his death in 1973. He was the eldest son of Gustaf V and his wife, Victoria of Baden. Before Gustaf Ado ...
*
Prince Gustav of Denmark
Prince Gustav of Denmark (Christian Frederik Vilhelm Valdemar Gustav; 4 March 1887 – 5 October 1944) was a member of the Danish royal family. He was the fourth and youngest son and seventh child of King Frederick VIII and Queen Louise.
Early ...
*
Gustav, Prince of Vasa
Prince Gustav of Vasa, Count Itterburg (german: Gustav, Prinz von Wasa; 9 November 1799 at Stockholm – 4 August/5 August 1877 at Pillnitz), born Crown Prince of Sweden, was the son of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and Queen Frederica. His Aust ...
*
Prince Harald of Denmark
Prince Harald of Denmark (''Harald Christian Frederik''; 8 October 1876 – 30 March 1949) was a member of the Danish Royal Family. He was the third son and fourth child of Frederick VIII of Denmark and his wife, Lovisa of Sweden, and thus brother ...
*
Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929)
en, Albert William Henry
, image = Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929), brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II.jpg
, caption =
, birth_date=
, birth_place= Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
, spouse =
, house = Hohenzollern
, ...
*
Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (german: Heinrich Wladimir Albrecht Ernst; nl, Hendrik Vladimir Albrecht Ernst; 19 April 1876 – 3 July 1934) was Prince consort of the Netherlands from 7 February 1901 until his death in 1934 as the husband o ...
*
Hirohito
Emperor , commonly known in English-speaking countries by his personal name , was the 124th emperor of Japan, ruling from 25 December 1926 until his death in 1989. Hirohito and his wife, Empress Kōjun, had two sons and five daughters; he was ...
*
Miklós Horthy
Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya ( hu, Vitéz nagybányai Horthy Miklós; ; English: Nicholas Horthy; german: Nikolaus Horthy Ritter von Nagybánya; 18 June 1868 – 9 February 1957), was a Hungarian admiral and dictator who served as the Regent o ...
*
Dietrich von Hülsen-Haeseler
*
Sergěj Ingr
General of the Army Jan Sergěj Ingr (2 September 1894 – 17 June 1956) was a Czechoslovak Army five star general and the Minister of National Defense in the Czechoslovak government-in-exile during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
Early ...
(Grand Commander, 1932)
*
Archduke John of Austria
*
Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (5 December 1825 – 27 May 1911) was the ninth of the ten children of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kasse ...
*
Archduke Johann Salvator of Austria
Archduke Johann Salvator of Austria (german: Johann Salvator, it, Giovanni Salvatore; 25 November 1852 – declared dead in absentia 2 February 1911) was a member of the Tuscan branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He was Archduke and Princ ...
*
Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg
Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg (german: Herzog Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg; given names ''John Albert Ernest Constantine Frederick Henry''; 8 December 1857 – 16 February 1920) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin who served as t ...
*
Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
Joseph Georg Friedrich Ernst Karl, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (27 August 1789, in Hildburghausen – 25 November 1868, in Altenburg), was a Duke of Saxe-Altenburg.
Biography
He was the second but first surviving son of Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildb ...
*
Juliana of the Netherlands
Juliana (; Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication in 1980.
Juliana was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Sh ...
*
Theophilos Kairis
*
Konstantinos Kanaris
Konstantinos Kanaris ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Κανάρης, ; c. 17901877), also anglicised as Constantine Kanaris or Canaris, was a Greek admiral, Prime Minister, and a hero of the Greek War of Independence.Woodhouse, p. 129.
Bio ...
*
Miltiadis Kanaris
*
Ilias Kanellopoulos
*
Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern
, spouse = Princess Josephine of Baden
, issue = Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern Stephanie, Queen of Portugal Carol I, King of Romania Prince Anthony Prince Frederick Princess Marie, Countess of Flanders
, house = Hohenzo ...
*
Prince Karl Theodor of Bavaria
en, Charles Theodore Maximilian Augustus
, spouse =
, issue =
, house = Wittelsbach
, father = Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
, mother = Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt
, birth_date =
, birth_pl ...
*
Gustav von Kessel
Gustav Emil Bernhard Bodo von Kessel (6 April 1846 – 28 May 1918) was a German general who served in the Austro-Prussian War, the Franco-Prussian War and World War I.
Biography
Gustav von Kessel was born on 6 April 1846 in Potsdam, Prussia. He ...
*
Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia (russian: Кирилл Владимирович Романов; ''Kirill Vladimirovich Romanov''; – 12 October 1938) was a son of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia, a grandson of Emperor Al ...
*
Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark
Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (Knud Christian Frederik Michael; 27 July 1900 – 14 June 1976) was a member of the Danish royal family, the younger son and child of King Christian X and Queen Alexandrine.
From 1947 to 1953, he was heir pre ...
*
Theodoros Kolokotronis
Theodoros Kolokotronis ( el, Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης; 3 April 1770 – 4 February 1843) was a Greek general and the pre-eminent leader of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) against the Ottoman Empire. Kolokotronis's g ...
*
Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia
Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia ( rus, Константи́н Константи́нович, p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin kənstɐnʲˈtʲinəvʲɪtɕ, a=Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov.ru.vorb.oga; 22 August 1858 – 15 June 1915 ...
*
Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
The first name Konstantin () is a derivation from the Latin name '' Constantinus'' (Constantine) in some European languages, such as Russian and German. As a Christian given name, it refers to the memory of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great ...
*
Georgios Kountouriotis
Georgios Kountouriotis ( el, Γεώργιος Κουντουριώτης) (1782 – 13 March 1858) was a Greek ship-owner and politician who served as prime minister from March to October 1848.
Life
He was born in 1782 on the Saronic island of ...
*
Lazaros Kountouriotis
Lazaros Kountouriotis ( el, Λάζαρος Κουντουριώτης; 1769 - 6 June 1852 or 12 June 1852) was a Greek Senator of the 1844 Senate and a major actor of the Greek War of Independence.
Life
Lazaros Kountouriotis was born in Hydra in ...
*
Auguste, Baron Lambermont
François Auguste, Baron Lambermont (25 March 1819 in Dion-le-Val, Brabant7 March 1905), was a Belgian statesman. He came of a family of small farmer proprietors, who had held land during three centuries. He was intended for the priesthood and en ...
*
Leopold I of Belgium
* nl, Leopold Joris Christiaan Frederik
* en, Leopold George Christian Frederick
, image = NICAISE Leopold ANV.jpg
, caption = Portrait by Nicaise de Keyser, 1856
, reign = 21 July 1831 –
, predecessor = Erasme Loui ...
*
Leopold II of Belgium
* german: link=no, Leopold Ludwig Philipp Maria Viktor
, house = Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
, father = Leopold I of Belgium
, mother = Louise of Orléans
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Brussels, Belgium
, death_date = ...
*
Leopold III of Belgium
Leopold III (3 November 1901 – 25 September 1983) was King of the Belgians from 23 February 1934 until his abdication on 16 July 1951. At the outbreak of World War II, Leopold tried to maintain Belgian neutrality, but after the German invasi ...
*
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
*
Anastasios Londos
Anastasios Londos (Greek language, Greek: Ἀναστάσιος Λόντος, "Anastásios Lóndos"; 1791–1856) was a Greeks, Greek politician, mayor of Aigio and senator of the Kingdom of Greece.
Early life
He was born in Aigio in 1791 an ...
*
Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
English: Frederick William Louis Charles
, house = Hesse-Darmstadt
, father = Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine
, mother = Princess Elisabeth of Prussia
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Prinz-Carl-Palais, Darmstadt, Gra ...
*
Prince Louis of Battenberg
Admiral of the Fleet Louis Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, (24 May 185411 September 1921), formerly Prince Louis Alexander of Battenberg, was a British naval officer and German prince related by marriage to the British ...
*
A. Maurice Low
Sir Alfred Maurice Low (14 July 1860 – 17 June 1929) was a British- American journalist and author.
Biography
Low was born in London to Jewish parents Therese (; 1835–1887) and Maximillian Loewe (1830–1900), who emigrated to Britain from Hu ...
*
Ludwig I of Bavaria
en, Louis Charles Augustus
, image = Joseph Karl Stieler - King Ludwig I in his Coronation Robes - WGA21796.jpg
, caption = Portrait by Joseph Stieler, 1825
, succession=King of Bavaria
, reign =
, coronation ...
*
Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria
*
Luís I of Portugal
Dom Luís I (31 October 1838, in Lisbon – 19 October 1889, in Cascais), known as The Popular (Portuguese: O Popular) was a member of the ruling House of Braganza,"While remaining patrilineal dynasts of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha accord ...
*
Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria
''Leopold Charles Joseph William Louis''
, image_size =
, image = Luitpold Wittelsbach cropped.jpg
, succession = Prince Regent of Bavaria
, reign = 10 June 1886 – 12 December 1912
, reign-type = Tenure
, regent = Ludw ...
*
Emmanuel Macron
Emmanuel Macron (; born 21 December 1977) is a French politician who has served as President of France since 2017. ''Ex officio'', he is also one of the two Co-Princes of Andorra. Prior to his presidency, Macron served as Minister of Econ ...
*
Sergio Mattarella
Sergio Mattarella (; born 23 July 1941) is an Italian politician, jurist, academic and lawyer who has served as the president of Italy since 2015.
A Christian leftist politician, Mattarella was a leading member of the Christian Democracy par ...
*
Alexandros Mavrokordatos
Alexandros Mavrokordatos ( el, Αλέξανδρος Μαυροκορδάτος; 11 February 179118 August 1865) was a Greece, Greek statesman, diplomat, politician and member of the Mavrocordatos family of Phanariotes.
Biography
In 1812, Mavroko ...
*
Petrobey Mavromichalis
Petros Mavromichalis (; 1765–1848), also known as Petrobey ( ), was a Greek general, politician and the leader of the Maniot people during the first half of the 19th century. His family had a long history of revolts against the Ottoman Emp ...
*
Maximilian I of Mexico
Maximilian I (german: Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen, link=no, es, Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena, link=no; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian archduke who reigned as the only Emperor ...
*
Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria
Duke Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria (4 December 1808 – 15 November 1888), known informally as Max in Bayern, was a member of a Duke in Bavaria, junior branch of the royal House of Wittelsbach who were Kings of Bavaria, and a promoter of Bavarian f ...
*
Emperor Meiji
, also called or , was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. Reigning from 13 February 1867 to his death, he was the first monarch of the Empire of Japan and presided over the Meiji era. He was the figur ...
*
Ioannis Metaxas
Ioannis Metaxas (; el, Ιωάννης Μεταξάς; 12th April 187129th January 1941) was a Greek military officer and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Greece from 1936 until his death in 1941. He governed constitutionally for t ...
*
Andreas Miaoulis
Andreas Vokos, better known by his nickname Miaoulis ( el, Ανδρέας Βώκος Μιαούλης; 1765 – 24 June 1835), was a Greek revolutionary, admiral, and politician who commanded Greek naval forces during the Greek War of Indepe ...
*
Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia
Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia (russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович, r=Mikhail Aleksandrovich; 13 June 1918) was the youngest son and fifth child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and youngest brother of Nicholas ...
*
Milan I of Serbia
Milan Obrenović ( sr-cyr, Милан Обреновић, Milan Obrenović; 22 August 1854 – 11 February 1901) reigned as the prince of Serbia from 1868 to 1882 and subsequently as king from 1882 to 1889. Milan I unexpectedly abdicated in ...
*
Zygmunt Mineyko
*
Konstantinos Minas
*
Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg
, image = Prinz Moritz von Sachsen-Altenburg.jpg
, image_size =
, caption =
, spouse =
, issue = Marie Anne, Princess of Schaumburg-Lippe Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mavrikievna of Russia Princess Margarethe Ernst II, ...
*
August Myhrberg
*
Napoleon III
Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A nephew ...
*
Nicholas II of Russia
Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Pola ...
*
Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia
Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia (russian: Великий князь Никола́й Миха́йлович; 26 April Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._14_April.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old ...
* Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1831–1891)
* Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark
* Olga Constantinovna of Russia
* Oscar II
* Otto, King of Bavaria, Otto of Bavaria
* Otto of Greece
* Paul of Greece
* Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece
* Philippe of Belgium
* Queen Mathilde of Belgium
* Pedro II of Brazil
* Georgios Pentzikis
* Duke Peter of Oldenburg
* Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen
* List of titles and honours of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
* Hans von Plessen
* François Pouqueville
* Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel
* Patrick Quinn (Metropolitan Police officer)
* Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
* Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria
* Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria
* Spyridon Samaras
* Gustav von Senden-Bibran
* Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
* Konstantinos Smolenskis
* Leonidas Smolents
* Dionysios Solomos
* Hermann von Spaun
* Stepa Stepanović
* Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
* Harold Stevens (broadcaster)
* Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen
* Georgios Theocharis
* Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem
* Alfred von Tirpitz
* Umberto II of Italy
* Prince Valdemar of Denmark
* Prince Viggo, Count of Rosenborg
* Étienne de Villaret
* Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples
* John Weston (pioneer aviator and motor caravanner)
* Wilhelm II, German Emperor
* Wilhelm, German Crown Prince
* Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
* Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
* Queen Máxima of the Netherlands
* William I, German Emperor
* William, Prince of Hohenzollern
* Arthur Winnington-Ingram
* Sergei Witte
* Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1846–1877)
* Basil Zaharoff
* Todor Zhivkov
* August zu Eulenburg
* Emmanouil Zymvrakakis (army general), Emmanouil Zymvrakakis
* Emir Abdelkader, Emir Abdelkader (1808-1883)
* Joice NanKivell Loch
References
Further reading
* George J. Beldecos, "Hellenic Orders, Decorations and Medals", pub. Hellenic War Museum, Athens 1991, .
External links
The Greek Royal Orders
{{Honors and decorations of Greece
Orders, decorations, and medals of Greece
1833 establishments in Greece
Awards established in 1833
Orders of chivalry awarded to heads of state, consorts and sovereign family members, Redeemer