The Order of the Crown of Romania is a
chivalric order
An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is an order (distinction), order of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Catholic Military order (religious society), military orders of the ...
set up on 14 March 1881 by King
Carol I of Romania
Carol I or Charles I of Romania (20 April 1839 – ), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914, ruling as Prince (''Domnitor'') from 1866 to 1881, and as King from 1881 to 1914. He w ...
to commemorate the establishment of the
Kingdom of Romania
The Kingdom of Romania ( ro, Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed in Romania from 13 March ( O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian ...
. It was awarded as a state order until the end of the Romanian monarchy in 1947. It was revived on 30 December 2011 as a
dynastic order
A dynastic order, monarchical order, or house order is an order under royal patronage. Such an order is bestowed by, as a legitimate , a sovereign or the head of a once-sovereign ruling family. These are often considered part of the cultural pat ...
.
Classes
The order had five classes, most of them with limited numbers:
* Grand Cross (limited to 25)
* Grand Officer (limited to 80)
* Commander (limited to 150)
* Officer (limited to 300)
* Knight (unlimited numbers)
[
]
Insignia
Decoration
The religious character of the model of 1881 is a red-enamelled, eight-pointed Maltese Cross with wider margin of gold and white. In the angles of the cross were "C"s, the initials of the founder. The medallion in the middle of the cross shows a royal crown on dark red background. The medallion is surrounded by a white-frost edge surrounded the inscription PRIN NOI INSINE (by ourselves) and the order's foundation date of 14 March 1881. On the back of the medallion is 10 Mai (May 10), the National Day as well as the years 1866 (enthronement of Carol and the foundation of the Romanian dynasty), 1877 (proclamation of Romanian fully independence), 1881 (proclamation of the Kingdom and of Carol as King of Romania).[
]
Other
The Order's sash or ribbon is light blue with two silver stripes. Grand Cross members wore the decoration on a sash from the right shoulder to left waist, Grand Officers and Commanders around the neck and Knights and Officers on the left breast. For the two highest classes of the order an eight-pointed silver star was also worn on the left breast, Grand Cross members wearing it as an order-insignia and Grand Officers as a medallion, surrounded by four royal crowns since 1932.
Recipients
Grand Cross
*Ibrahim of Johor
Sultan Sir Ibrahim Al-Masyhur Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah (17 September 1873 – 8 May 1959) was a Malaysian sultan and the 22nd Sultan of Johor and the 2nd Sultan of modern Johor. He was considered to be "fabulously ...
*Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este (born 16 December 1955) is a member of the Belgian royal family as the husband of Princess Astrid of Belgium. He is the head of the House of Austria-Este, a cadet branch of the House of Habsbur ...
*Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
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*Princess Muna al-Hussein
Princess Muna Al-Hussein ( ar, منى الحسين, born Toni Avril Gardiner; 25 April 1941) is the mother of Abdullah II of Jordan. She was the second wife of King Hussein; the couple divorced on 21 December 1972. She is British by birth, and c ...
*Jean-Baptiste Billot
Jean-Baptiste Billot (15 August 1828, Chaumeil, Corrèze – 31 May 1907, Paris) was a French general and politician.
Life
Jean-Baptiste Billot entered the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr in 1847, and on leaving it in 1849 joined the st ...
*Nicolae Ciupercă
Nicolae Ciupercă (20 April 1882 – 25 May 1950) was a Romanian general, born in Râmnicu Sărat. He served during World War I and World War II under the command of Alexandru Averescu and then Ion Antonescu, but would retire from a military lif ...
*Arved Crüger
Arved Crüger (25 June 1911 – 22 March 1942) was a Luftwaffe wing commander during World War II and Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipient. He married the German movie actress Carola Höhn in 1941. He was appointed ''Geschwaderkommodore' ...
*Joseph Dietrich
Josef "Sepp" Dietrich (28 May 1892 – 21 April 1966) was a German politician and SS commander during the Nazi era. He joined the Nazi Party in 1928 and was elected to the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic in 1930. Prior to 1929, Dietrich was ...
*John Dill
Sir John Greer Dill, (25 December 1881 – 4 November 1944) was a senior British Army officer with service in both the First World War and the Second World War. From May 1940 to December 1941 he was the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS ...
*Max von Fabeck
Herrmann Gustav Karl Max von Fabeck (6 May 1854 – 16 December 1916) was a Prussian military officer and a German '' General der Infantarie'' during World War I. He commanded the 13th Corps in the 5th Army and took part in the Race to the Sea on ...
*Josef Harpe
Josef Harpe (21 September 1887 – 14 March 1968) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 9th Army. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
Harpe served on the ...
* William Horwood
*August Kanitz
August Kanitz (25 April 1843, in Lugos – 12 July 1896, in Kolozsvár) was a Hungarian botanist.
While a student at the University of Vienna he wrote ''Geschichte der Botanik in Ungarn'' (Hanover and Budapest, 1863), and soon after, ''Versuch ...
*Živojin Mišić
Field Marshal Živojin Mišić ( sr-cyrl, Живојин Мишић; 19 July 1855 in Struganik – 20 January 1921 in Belgrade) was a Field Marshal who participated in all of Serbia's wars from 1876 to 1918. He directly commanded the First ...
* Hendrik Pieter Nicolaas Muller
*Mihailo Petrović
Mihailo ( sr-cyr, Михаило) or Mihajlo () is a Serbian masculine given name, a variant of the Hebrew name ''Michael''. Common as a given name among Serbs, it is an uncommon surname. It may refer to:
* Mihailo Vojislavljević (fl. 1050–d. ...
*Radomir Putnik
Radomir Putnik ( sr, Радомир Путник; ; 24 January 1847 – 17 May 1917) was the first Serbian Field Marshal and Chief of the General Staff of the Serbian army in the Balkan Wars and in the First World War. He served in every war ...
*Jovan Mišković
Jovan Mišković ( sr-cyr, Јован Мишковић; (Negotin, 18 July 1844 – Belgrade, 2 November 1908) was a Serbian general, Minister of Defence, military theorist, writer and the president of Serbian academy of sciences and arts.
Biog ...
*Lt.-col. Constantin C. Roșescu, participant in Operation Autonomous
*Radu R. Rosetti
Radu R. Rosetti ( – June 2, 1949) was a Romanian brigadier general, military historian, librarian, and a titular member of the Romanian Academy.
Biography Early years
Born in Căiuți, Bacău County, he was part of the old ''boyar'' Rosetti fam ...
*Nicholas Medforth-Mills
Nicholas Michael de Roumanie Medforth-Mills, formerly called Prince Nicholas of Romania (born 1 April 1985), is the eldest child and only son of Princess Elena of Romania and Robin Medforth-Mills. As a grandson of King Michael of Romania, he was ...
*Lech Wałęsa
Lech Wałęsa (; ; born 29 September 1943) is a Polish statesman, dissident, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, who served as the President of Poland between 1990 and 1995. After winning the 1990 election, Wałęsa became the first democratica ...
, 2nd President of Poland
*George Julian Zolnay
George Julian Zolnay (Gyula Zsolnay) (July 4, 1863 – May 1, 1949) was a Romanian, Hungarian, and American sculptor called the "sculptor of the Confederacy".
Early years
Zolnay was born on July 4, 1863,Enc.Am. p. 723. to Ignác (Ignatius) Z ...
Grand Officer class
*Dhimitër Beratti
Dhimitër Beratti or Berati (15 October 1886 – 8 September 1970) was an Albanian politician and journalist. One of the signatories of the Albanian Declaration of Independence Beratti served as secretary of the Albanian delegation at the P ...
* Katō Hiroharu (1920) Rear Admiral, Imperial Japanese Navy
Commander class
*Erich Abraham
Erich Abraham (27 March 1895 – 7 March 1971) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany who command the 76th Infantry Division then the LXIII Corps on the Western Front during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of ...
* Arthur Irving Andrews (1878–1967), American college professor. Awarded c. 1929 for "historical writings on Rumanian subjects".
*Henry Bond
Henry Bond, FHEA (born 13 June 1966) is an English writer, photographer, and visual artist. In his ''Lacan at the Scene'' (2009), Bond made contributions to theoretical psychoanalysis and forensics.
In 1990, with Sarah Lucas, Bond organised ...
(1873-1919), British Army officer
* Kurt Lottner
* Gheorghe Manoliu
Order class
* Kennedy, Clyde McLean Awarded July 1919 - Lieutenant 20th Battalion (CEF)
References
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crown, Order of the (Romania)
Orders, decorations, and medals of Romania
1881 establishments in Romania
Awards established in 1881