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The Order of Merit of Philip the Magnanimous (german: Verdienstorden Philipps des Großmütigen) was an
order of chivalry An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is an order (distinction), order of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Catholic Military order (religious society), military orders of the ...
established by Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse on 1 May 1840, the name day of
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (13 November 1504 – 31 March 1567), nicknamed (in English: "the Magnanimous"), was a German nobleman and champion of the Protestant Reformation, notable for being one of the most important of the early Protestan ...
, in his honour to award extraordinary military or civil merit. It was the second-highest order of the
Grand Duchy of Hesse The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (german: link=no, Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein) was a grand duchy in western Germany that existed from 1806 to 1918. The Grand Duchy originally formed from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806 ...
before 1876, when it was displaced to third by the revived Order of the Golden Lion, the former paramount order of the
Electorate of Hesse The Electorate of Hesse (german: Kurfürstentum Hessen), also known as Hesse-Kassel or Kurhessen, was a landgraviate whose prince was given the right to elect the Emperor by Napoleon. When the Holy Roman Empire was abolished in 1806, its prin ...
. After the
First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
and the fall of the German monarchies, the order—along with all other grand ducal decorations—was formally abolished in 1919.


Overview

The order was initially divided into four grades: Grand Cross, Commanders 1st and 2nd classes, and knight. On the anniversary of its founding in 1849, a new class was created, the Silver Cross, with the introduction of crossed swords in gold or silver for the class. From 10 November 1859 the knight class was further divided into two grades, 1st and 2nd classes. In 1876, the order was renamed the "Grand Ducal Hessian Order of Philip" (german: Großherzoglich Hessischer Philipps-Orden), though that decree was withdrawn a year later. From 1881, the order could be awarded with a golden crown, as a special distinction; the order with swords for military merit was from 1893 restricted to those with outstanding achievements during war. In 1900, another new class, the Cross of Honour (german: Ehrenkreuz) was created, which was below commander 2nd class and above knight 1st class. A final revision was made on 17 June 1911, with golden rays added to the cross arms of the Commander 1st Class grade.


Recipients


Grand Crosses

*
Alexander II of Russia Alexander II ( rus, Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, Congress Poland, King of Poland and Gra ...
* Alexander of Battenberg * Alexander, Prince of Erbach-Schönberg * Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine *
Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Alfred (Alfred Ernest Albert; 6 August 184430 July 1900) was the sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1893 to 1900. He was the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. He was known as the Duke of Edinburgh from ...
*
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (Arthur William Patrick Albert; 1 May 185016 January 1942), was the seventh child and third son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He served as Gov ...
*
Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky Friedrich Graf von Beck-Rzikowsky (21 March 1830 – 9 March 1920), sometimes Friedrich Beck, was an Austrian Generaloberst and Chief of the general staff of the Imperial and Royal army from 1881 to 1906. Beck was born at Freiburg im Breisgau, an ...
* Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg * Julius von Bose *
Otto von Bismarck Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (, ; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was a conservative German statesman and diplomat. From his origins in the upper class of J ...
*
Bernhard von Bülow Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin, Prince of Bülow (german: Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin Fürst von Bülow ; 3 May 1849 – 28 October 1929) was a German statesman who served as the foreign minister for three years and then as the chancellor of t ...
*
Stephan Burián von Rajecz Count Stephan Burián von Rajecz ( hu, rajeczi gróf Burián István) (16 January 1851 – 20 October 1922), commonly called: "Baron von Burian" or, later, "Count Burian" in English language press reports; (titles from 1900, ''Freiherr''; from 19 ...
*
Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke, (born Prince Alexander Albert of Battenberg; 23 November 1886 – 23 February 1960) was a British Royal Navy officer, a member of the Hessian princely Battenberg family and the last surviving ...
*
Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine (23 April 1809 - 20 March 1877) was a German prince, officer and politician. He was the second surviving son of Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and Wilhelmine of Baden. The prince had a military career and became ...
* Rudolf von Delbrück *
Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910. The second child and eldest son of Queen Victoria an ...
* Karl von Einem *
Hermann von Eichhorn (13 February 1848 – 30 July 1918) was a Prussian officer, later during World War I. He was a recipient of with Oak Leaves, one of the highest orders of merit in the Kingdom of Prussia and, subsequently, Imperial Germany. Biography was born ...
*
Woldemar Freedericksz Count Adolf Andreas Woldemar Freedericksz (russian: links=no, Владимир Борисович Фредерикс, Vladimir Borisovich Frederiks; 1 July 1927) was a Finno-Russian statesman who served as Imperial Household Minister between 189 ...
*
Josias von Heeringen Josias von Heeringen (9 March 1850 – 9 October 1926) was a German general of the imperial era who served as Prussian Minister of War and saw service in the First World War. Early life Heeringen was born in Kassel in the Electorate of Hesse. ...
* Georg von Hertling * Hans Heinrich XV von Hochberg *
Dietrich von Hülsen-Haeseler Dietrich Graf von Hülsen-Haeseler (February 13, 1852 – November 14, 1908) was an infantry general of the German Empire. He attended the War College and was attached to the German General Staff in 1882. In 1889 he was made aide de camp to Kai ...
*
Emich, Prince of Leiningen , house = Leiningen , father = Ernst, Prince of Leiningen , mother = Princess Marie of Baden , birth_date = , birth_place =Osborne House, Isle of Wight, England , death_date = , death_place =Mudau, Free People's State of Württe ...
*
Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale en, Ernest Augustus William Adolphus George Frederick , house = Hanover , father = George V of Hanover , mother = Marie of Saxe-Altenburg , birth_date = , birth_place = Hanover, Kingdom of Hanover , death_date = , death_place = Gmunde ...
*
Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse , spouses = , issue = , house = Hesse-Darmstadt , father = Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine , mother =Princess Alice of the United Kingdom , birth_date = , birth_place = New Palace, Darmstadt, Gran ...
* Ferdinand, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg *
Prince Francis Joseph of Battenberg Prince Francis Joseph of Battenberg, (german: Franz Joseph; 24 September 1861 – 31 July 1924), was the fourth and youngest son and child of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine and his morganatic wife Countess Julia von Hauke. Biograph ...
*
Ganga Singh General Maharaja Sir Ganga Singh, (13 October 1880 – 2 February 1943), was the ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Bikaner (in present-day Rajasthan, India) from 1888 to 1943. As a member of the Imperial War Cabinet, he was present in t ...
*
Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse en, George Donatus William Nicholas Edward Henry Charles , spouse = , issue = Prince LudwigPrince AlexanderPrincess JohannaUnnamed son , house = Hesse-Darmstadt , father = Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of ...
*
Heinrich von Gagern Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von Gagern (20 August 179922 May 1880) was a statesman who argued for the unification of Germany. Early career The third son of Hans Christoph Ernst, Baron von Gagern, a liberal statesman from Nassau, Heinrich v ...
*
Heinrich von Heß Heinrich Hermann Josef Freiherr von Heß (alternatively: von Hess) (17 March 1788, Vienna – 13 April 1870, Vienna), was an Austrian soldier and field marshal, who entered the army in 1805 and was soon employed as a staff officer on survey wo ...
*
Gustav, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg , title = , image = Porträt Gustav Adolph Prinz zu Hessen-Homburg.jpg , caption = , reign = December 15th 1846–September 8th 1848 , coronation = , predecessor = Philip , successor = ...
*
Gustav, Prince of Vasa Prince Gustav of Vasa, Count Itterburg (german: Gustav, Prinz von Wasa; 9 November 1799 at Stockholm – 4 August/5 August 1877 at Pillnitz), born Crown Prince of Sweden, was the son of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and Queen Frederica. His Austr ...
* Prince Henry of Battenberg *
Kamehameha V Kamehameha V (Lota Kapuāiwa Kalanimakua Aliʻiōlani Kalanikupuapaʻīkalaninui; December 11, 1830 – December 11, 1872), reigned as the fifth monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Kingdom of Hawaiʻi from 1863 to 1872. His motto was "Onipaʻa": i ...
*
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, (Leopold George Duncan Albert; 7 April 185328 March 1884) was the eighth child and youngest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Leopold was later created Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence, and Baron Arklow. ...
* Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse *
Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (german: link=no, Großherzog Ludwig III von Hessen und bei Rhein; 9 June 1806, Darmstadt – 13 June 1877, Seeheim) was Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1848 until his death in 1877. Biograph ...
* Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse * Prince Louis of Battenberg * Madho Rao Scindia *
Moriz von Lyncker Moriz Freiherr von Lyncker (30 January 1853 – 20 January 1932) was a Prussian officer of the German Empire and Chief of the Military Cabinet of Emperor Wilhelm II. He was one of the general adjutants of the Kaiser during World War I with ...
* Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel *
Georg Alexander von Müller Georg Alexander von Müller (24 March 1854 – 18 April 1940) was an Admiral of the Imperial German Navy and a close friend of the Kaiser in the run up to the First World War. Career Müller grew up in Sweden, where his father worked as a pro ...
*
Jean-Baptiste Nothomb Jean-Baptiste, Baron Nothomb (3 July 1805 – 16 September 1881) was a Belgian statesman and diplomat, who served as the prime minister of Belgium from 1841 to 1845. Life Revolution Born at Messancy in Luxembourg on 3 July 1805, he was educated ...
*
Hugo von Radolin Hugo, Prince of Radolin (german: Hugo Fürst von Radolin; 1 April 1841 – 12 July 1917), born Hugo Julius Raoul Eduard Graf Leszczyc von Radolin-Radolinski, was a Polish-German aristocrat and statesman who served as an ambassador for the King ...
*
Gustav Waldemar von Rauch Gustav Waldemar von Rauch (30 January 1819 in Berlin - 7 May 1890 in Berlin) was a general of the cavalry in the Prussian Army. He was born and died in Berlin. He was the son of Gustav von Rauch. External links

1819 births 1890 deaths ...
*
Karl von Schlitz Count Karl von Schlitz, in full: Karl Heinrich Wilhelm Hermann Ferdinand von Schlitz, genannt von Görtz (15 February 1822, Schlitz - 7 December 1885, Schlitz) was a German politician and Standesherr in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Life He acced ...
*
Friedrich von Scholl Friedrich may refer to: Names *Friedrich (surname), people with the surname ''Friedrich'' *Friedrich (given name), people with the given name ''Friedrich'' Other *Friedrich (board game), a board game about Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' ...
*
Gustav von Senden-Bibran Gustav Freiherr (Baron) von Senden-Bibran (23 July 1847, Reisicht, Lower Silesia, Germany – 23 November 1909 in Berlin) was an admiral of the German Imperial Navy. Biography His father was a Silesian landowner who had served in the Austr ...
* Otto Graf zu Stolberg-Wernigerode *
Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel Frederick William George Adolphus, Landgrave of Hesse (german: Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Adolf von Hessen-Kassel; 25 November 1820 – 14 October 1884) was the only son of Wilhelm I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel-Rumpenheim and Princess Louise Charlotte ...
* Alfred von Tirpitz *
Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov (russian: Илларио́н Ива́нович Воронцов-Дашков; 27 May 1837 – 15 January 1916) was a notable representative of the Vorontsov family. He served as Minister of Imperial Pro ...
*
Wilhelm von Wedell-Piesdorf Wilhelm von Wedell-Piesdorf (20 May 1837 in Frankfurt (Oder) – 11 July 1915 in Berlin) was a German politician for German Conservative Party. Biography From 1879 to 1885 he was a conservative member of the Prussian House of Representatives. ...
*
William I, German Emperor William I or Wilhelm I (german: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the f ...
* Ferdinand von Zeppelin


Commanders 1st Class

*
Alfred Mordaunt Egerton Colonel Sir Alfred Mordaunt Egerton, (30 March 1843 – 26 May 1908) was an English soldier and courtier. Early life and family Alfred Mordaunt Egerton was born on 30 March 1843, the youngest son of the Rev. Thomas Egerton and his wife, Charlo ...
* Antoni Wilhelm Radziwiłł *
Leopold von Ranke Leopold von Ranke (; 21 December 1795 – 23 May 1886) was a German historian and a founder of modern source-based history. He was able to implement the seminar teaching method in his classroom and focused on archival research and the analysis of ...
*
Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen Ludwig Samson Heinrich Arthur Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen (18 June 181526 April 1881) was a Bavarian general. Early life Born in Darmstadt, on the day of Waterloo, Ludwig was a descendant from the old family of von der Tann, whic ...
* Karl von Wedel


Commanders 2nd Class

*
August von Heeringen August von Heeringen (26 November 1855 – 29 September 1927) was a Prussian admiral of the German Empire. He headed the Imperial Navy News Office (Nachrichtenbureau des Reichsmarineamts) and served as the Chief of the German Naval General Staff ...
*
Paul Bronsart von Schellendorff Paul Leopold Eduard Heinrich Anton Bronsart von Schellendorf (25 January 1832 – 23 June 1891) was a Prussian general and writer, who served as Minister of War from 1883 to 1889. Family Bronsart was born in Danzig (present-day Gdańsk, Poland) ...
* Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff *
August von Mackensen Anton Ludwig Friedrich August von Mackensen (born Mackensen; 6 December 1849 – 8 November 1945), ennobled as "von Mackensen" in 1899, was a German field marshal. He commanded successfully during World War I of 1914–1918 and became one of the ...
* Otto von Marchtaler *
Georg von der Marwitz Georg Cornelius Adalbert von der Marwitz (7 July 1856 – 27 October 1929) was a Prussian cavalry general, who commanded several German armies during the First World War on both the Eastern and Western fronts. Early military career Marwitz was b ...
* Helmuth von Moltke the Younger *
Ernst von Prittwitz und Gaffron Ernst Karl Ferdinand von Prittwitz und Gaffron (20 January 1833 – 24 February 1904) was a Royal Prussian Lieutenant General and Knight of Justice of the Order of Saint John. Family and private life Von Prittwitz was born in Posen, Prussia (mod ...


Crosses of Honour

*
Eberhard Graf von Schmettow Bernhard Gottfried Max Hugo Eberhard, Graf von Schmettow, usually shortened to Eberhard Graf von Schmettow, (17 September 1861 – 21 January 1935) was a German general of World War I. Biography Eberhard von Schmettow was born in Halberstadt, Pru ...


Knights 1st class

*
Heinrich Bone Heinrich Bone (25 September 181310 June 1893) was a German educator and hymnwriter. He wrote a reader for German studies which was used for higher education in Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and Austria, until it was banned during the Kulturkampf. ...
* George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont *
Oskar von Hutier Oskar Emil von Hutier (27 August 1857 – 5 December 1934) was a German general during the First World War. He served in the German Army from 1875 to 1919, including war service. During the war, he commanded the army that took Riga, Russian Repub ...


Others

* Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia * Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha


References


Literature

* Jörg Nimmergut: ''Deutsche Orden und Ehrenzeichen bis 1945, Band I – Anhalt-Hohenzollern'', Zentralstelle für wissenschaftliche Ordenskunde, München 1997, {{Orders of Imperial Germany Orders, decorations, and medals of Hesse House of Hesse-Kassel 1840 establishments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse Awards established in 1840