Order Of Monfragüe

The Order of Monfragüe ( es, Orden de Monfragüe) was a Spanish military order founded at the castle of Monfragüe near Plasencia on the Tagus in 1196. The order was founded by the knights of the Order of Mountjoy who dissented from a merger with the Knights Templar. The order never prospered and on 23 May 1221, by order of Ferdinand III of Castile, it was merged into the Order of Calatrava.Matilla, 173, p. 101.

Formation

In the twelfth century Monfragüe was the centre of a Mountjoy commandery before it became the headquarters of its own order. The earliest reference to the commandery is in an economic transaction involving the commander, Gonzalo Padilla, and his fellow brothers (''freyes'', ''freires'') of the Order.Matilla, 630, p. 297. As early as 1186 the Order had tried to amalgamate with the Templars but failed. The remaining decade of its existence was spent in a state of utter collapse. The Order was united in December 1187 with the Hospital of the Holy Redeemer, but already a distinction had appeared in its ranks between the master of the order, Fralmo, and his followers on one hand and the commander of the Order in the Kingdom of Castile, Rodrigo González, and his support. By mid-1188 there was a schism in the Order, though it does not appear to have broken down along the lines Castile and León on one hand and the Crown of Aragon on the other, as sometimes supposed.Forey, 260. When the final split occurred in 1196, over the successful amalgamation with the Templars, all opponents of the merger would have had to leave the lands of Alfonso II of Aragon, a strong supporter of the Temple.Forey, 261.

The internal split of 1188 was sparked by opposition to the leadership of Fralmo and he was forced to leave Alfambra, the Order's headquarters, by the supporters of Rodrigo. In 1198 his supporters claimed that at that time (1188) Rodrigo had been acclaimed master (he had not). In March 1195, Pope Celestine III issued a bull granting a "certain house", evidently the Holy Redeemer, which Fralmo had been seeking for his own purposes, to the Templars. The validity of this action was subsequently to be challenged by the knights of Mountjoy opposed to a merger with the Templars. The final split within the Order of Mountjoy occurred only with the Templar merger in 1196. The discontents managed to hold onto Monfragüe, which they made their centre of operations, and make Rodrigo González their master. They were confined to Castile.O'Callaghan, n23.

Acquisitions

Alfonso VIII of Castile was the principal benefactor of the Order. The first document confirming the existence of the Order of Monfragüe was promulgated at San Miguel de Sortello on 13 January 1197 by Alfonso, who granted to the order and its master, Rodrigo González, an annual rent of fifteen ''cahices toledanos'' of salt from the mines of Talavera.Matilla, 626, p. 295. On 31 May 1210, at Cuenca, Doña Sol, widow of Pedro Martínez, ''alcalde'' of Talavera, with the presence and permission of Alfonso VIII, sold most of her inheritance in Gébalo (''Xenalo'') to Rodrigo González and the Order for 500 ''maravedíes''.Matilla, 641, p. 301. When Ferdinand III dissolved the Order in 1221 all its possessions in Talavera were granted to the city.

On 30 June 1206, at Frías, Alfonso gave to the Order and Rodrigo
González ten ''yugadas'' of land in the free territory of Magán.Matilla, 639, p. 300. On 19 January 1210, at Moratalaz, the king granted to the Order, Rodrigo González its master, and Juan García, a commander, a same-sized territory (ten ''yugadas'') acquired from the monastery of Santa María la Real of Burgos in exchange for Navarrete, as well as ten ''aranzadas'' of vineyard in Magán and the same amount in Fontalva and Ayllón; he also granted them a mill in Arfagazo. In return Alfonso received the castle and village of Segura de Toro near Béjar.Matilla, 641, p. 301.

Union with Calatrava

The knights of Monfragüe possessed the Holy Redeemer hospital when, at the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215, the master of the Order of Calatrava argued that the members of the Hospital wished to join his order. Pope Innocent III and the Cistercians approved and the final decision was laid down in June 1216, despite protests from the Templars. The decision to amalgamate the Orders was affirmed by Pope Honorius III in 1217. Nonetheless it was delayed, probably until the king of Castile felt the need of having a more secure state of affairs among the orders guarding his southern frontier.Forey, 263.

At Segovia, on 23 May 1221, Ferdinand III granted all the rights and castles, including Monfragüe, to the Order of Calatrava, effectively merging the smaller order into the larger.The wording of the charter states that Ferdinand ''considerans penuriam et annullationem ordinis de Montfrac, qui licet quondam magnus fuerit a miniculo indiget iam extremo'' (Forey, 263). Barton, 159, refers to the order's beginning in 1221 and is probably thinking of not the dispute with the Templars but with Calatrava. This command was not perfectly followed through and initially Mauricio, the bishop of Burgos

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