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In mathematics, specifically in
order theory Order theory is a branch of mathematics that investigates the intuitive notion of order using binary relations. It provides a formal framework for describing statements such as "this is less than that" or "this precedes that". This article int ...
and
functional analysis Functional analysis is a branch of mathematical analysis, the core of which is formed by the study of vector spaces endowed with some kind of limit-related structure (e.g. inner product, norm, topology, etc.) and the linear functions defined o ...
, the order bound dual of an
ordered vector space In mathematics, an ordered vector space or partially ordered vector space is a vector space equipped with a partial order that is compatible with the vector space operations. Definition Given a vector space ''X'' over the real numbers R and a pr ...
X is the set of all
linear functional In mathematics, a linear form (also known as a linear functional, a one-form, or a covector) is a linear map from a vector space to its field of scalars (often, the real numbers or the complex numbers). If is a vector space over a field , the ...
s on X that map order intervals, which are sets of the form
, b The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages. It has the same shape as an apostrophe or single closing quotation mark () in many typefaces, but it differs from them in being placed on the baseline o ...
:= \, to bounded sets. The order bound dual of X is denoted by X^. This space plays an important role in the theory of ordered topological vector spaces.


Canonical ordering

An element g of the order bound dual of X is called positive if x \geq 0 implies \operatorname(f(x)) \geq 0. The positive elements of the order bound dual form a cone that induces an ordering on X^ called the . If X is an
ordered vector space In mathematics, an ordered vector space or partially ordered vector space is a vector space equipped with a partial order that is compatible with the vector space operations. Definition Given a vector space ''X'' over the real numbers R and a pr ...
whose positive cone C is generating (meaning X = C - C) then the order bound dual with the canonical ordering is an ordered vector space.


Properties

The order bound dual of an ordered vector spaces contains its order dual. If the positive cone of an
ordered vector space In mathematics, an ordered vector space or partially ordered vector space is a vector space equipped with a partial order that is compatible with the vector space operations. Definition Given a vector space ''X'' over the real numbers R and a pr ...
X is generating and if for all positive x and x we have
, x The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages. It has the same shape as an apostrophe or single closing quotation mark () in many typefaces, but it differs from them in being placed on the baseline o ...
+
, y The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages. It has the same shape as an apostrophe or single closing quotation mark () in many typefaces, but it differs from them in being placed on the baseline ...
=
, x + y The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages. It has the same shape as an apostrophe or single closing quotation mark () in many typefaces, but it differs from them in being placed on the baseline o ...
then the order dual is equal to the order bound dual, which is an order complete vector lattice under its canonical ordering. Suppose X is a
vector lattice In mathematics, a Riesz space, lattice-ordered vector space or vector lattice is a partially ordered vector space where the order structure is a lattice. Riesz spaces are named after Frigyes Riesz who first defined them in his 1928 paper ''Su ...
and f and g are order bounded linear forms on X. Then for all x \in X, # \sup(f, g)(, x, ) = \sup \ # \inf(f, g)(, x, ) = \inf \ # , f, (, x, ) = \sup \ # , f(x), \leq , f, (, x, ) # if f \geq 0 and g \geq 0 then f and g are lattice disjoint if and only if for each x \geq 0 and real r > 0, there exists a decomposition x = a + b with a \geq 0, b \geq 0, \text f(a) + g(b) \leq r.


See also

* * * *


References

* * {{Functional analysis Functional analysis