''Orcula'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

s in the family

Orculidae Orculidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails; terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Orculidae Pilsbry, 1918. Accessed through: World Register of Mar ...

. It is the type genus of the family.Páll-Gergely, B., et al. (2013)
Subeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orculidae).
''Zookeys'' 301 25-49. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Orcula Held, 1838. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=995303 on 2021-11-14 These snails have ovate-cylindrical shells generally measuring about 5 to 10 millimeters. The

center of diversity A center of origin is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties. They are also considered centers of diversity. Centers of origin were first identified in 1924 by Ni ...

of the genus is in the

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...

. Some species live in

alpine climate Alpine climate is the typical weather (climate) for elevations above the tree line, where trees fail to grow due to cold. This climate is also referred to as a mountain climate or highland climate. Definition There are multiple definitions of ...

s. In general, the snails occur in wet forested habitat and boulder fields on

limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...

substrates.

Species

There are 14 species in this genus, divided among 3 subgenera. Species include: * † '' Orcula alvarium'' Schlickum, 1975 * '' Orcula austriaca'' Zimmermann 1932 * '' Orcula conica'' (Rossmässler 1837) * ''

Orcula dolium ''Orcula dolium'' is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Orculidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Orcula dolium (Draparnaud, 1801). Accessed through: World Register ...

'' (Draparnaud 1801) * '' Orcula fuchsi'' Zimmermann 1931 * '' Orcula gularis'' (Rossmässler 1837) ** ''Orcula gularis gularis'' (Rossmässler 1837) ** ''Orcula gularis oreina'' Ehrmann 1933 * '' Orcula imbricata'' (Jickeli, 1873) * ''

Orcula jetschini ''Orcula'' is a genus of land snails in the family Orculidae. It is the type genus of the family.Páll-Gergely, B., et al. (2013)Subeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orculi ...

'' (Kimakowicz 1883) * † ''

Orcula oviformis ''Orcula'' is a genus of land snails in the family Orculidae. It is the type genus of the family.Páll-Gergely, B., et al. (2013)Subeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orcul ...

'' (Michaud, 1838) * '' Orcula pseudodolium'' A. J. Wagner 1912 * ''

Orcula restituta ''Orcula'' is a genus of land snails in the family Orculidae. It is the type genus of the family.Páll-Gergely, B., et al. (2013)Subeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orcul ...

'' (Westerlund 1887) * ''

Orcula schmidti ''Orcula'' is a genus of land snails in the family Orculidae. It is the type genus of the family.Páll-Gergely, B., et al. (2013)Subeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orcul ...

'' (Küster 1843) ** ''Orcula (Illyriobanatica) schmidtii schmidtii'' (Küster, 1843) ** ''Orcula schmidti transversalis'' (Westerlund 1894) * ''

Orcula spoliata ''Orcula'' is a genus of land snails in the family Orculidae. It is the type genus of the family.Páll-Gergely, B., et al. (2013)Subeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orcul ...

'' (Rossmässler 1837) * '' Orcula tolminensis'' A. J. Wagner 1912 * ''

Orcula tomlini ''Orcula'' is a genus of land snails in the family Orculidae. It is the type genus of the family.Páll-Gergely, B., et al. (2013)Subeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orcul ...

'' Connolly, 1931 * '' Orcula wagneri'' Sturany 1914 ** ''Orcula wagneri wagneri'' Sturany 1914 ** ''Orcula wagneri ljubetenensis'' Sturany 1914 * '' Orcula zilchi'' Urbański, 1960 ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Orcula bulgarica'' P. Hesse, 1915: synonym of ''

Orculella bulgarica ''Orculella'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Orculidae. The genus ''Orculella'' occurs in the whole Mediterranean region. The richest areas in terms of species are Turkey and th ...

'' (P. Hesse, 1915) (original combination) * ''Orcula corrugata'' Locard, 1894: synonym of '' Abida cylindrica'' (Michaud, 1829) (junior synonym) * ''Orcula cylindriformis'' Locard, 1894: synonym of '' Abida cylindrica'' (Michaud, 1829) (junior synonym) * ''Orcula dobrogica'' (Grossu 1986): synonym of ''

Sphyradium doliolum ''Sphyradium doliolum'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Orculidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Sphyradium doliolum (Bruguière, 1792). Accessed through: World Regis ...

'' (Bruguière, 1792) (junior synonym) * ''Orcula doliolum'' (Bruguière, 1792): synonym of ''

'' (Bruguière, 1792) (unaccepted combination) * ''Orcula driana'' Kaltenbach, 1943: synonym of '' Orculella driana'' (Kaltenbach, 1943) (original combination) * ''Orcula falkneri'' Hausdorf, 1995 †: synonym of '' Nordsieckula falkneri'' (Hausdorf, 1995) † (new combination) * ''Orcula multidentata'' Kaltenbach, 1943: synonym of '' Orculella multidentata'' (Kaltenbach, 1943) (original combination) * ''Orcula plateaui'' (Cossmann, 1889) †: synonym of ''

'' (Michaud, 1838) † (junior synonym) * ''Orcula pollonerae'' (Pini 1884): synonym of ''

'' (Rossmässler 1837) * ''Orcula scyphus'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1848): synonym of ''

Schileykula scyphus ''Schileykula'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Orculidae. All of the species and subspecies in this genus inhabit Turkey, with the exception of the subspecies ''Schileykula scyp ...

'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1848) (unaccepted combination) * ''Orcula striata'' Kaltenbach, 1943: synonym of ''

Orculella striata ''Orculella'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Orculidae. The genus ''Orculella'' occurs in the whole Mediterranean region. The richest areas in terms of species are Turkey and the M ...

'' (Kaltenbach, 1943) (original combination) * ''Orcula subconica'' (F. Sandberger, 1858) †: synonym of '' Nordsieckula subconica'' (F. Sandberger, 1858) † (new combination) * ''Orcula tingitana'' Pallary, 1918: synonym of ''

Orculella tingitana ''Orculella'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Orculidae. The genus ''Orculella'' occurs in the whole Mediterranean region. The richest areas in terms of species are Turkey and th ...

'' (Pallary, 1918) (original combination) * ''Orcula tomlini'' Connolly, 1931: synonym of ''

Orculella tomlini ''Orculella'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Orculidae. The genus ''Orculella'' occurs in the whole Mediterranean region. The richest areas in terms of species are Turkey and the M ...

'' (Connolly, 1931) (basionym) * ''Orcula tripolitana'' Kaltenbach, 1943: synonym of ''Orculella templorum tripolitana'' (Kaltenbach, 1943) (basionym) * ''Orcula turcica'' Letourneux, 1884: synonym of '' Orculella critica'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1856) (junior synonym)

References

* Hausdorf, B. (1987). Zum Vorkommen der Gattung ''Orcula'' HELD in Griechenland (Gastropoda: Orculidae). ''Arch. Molluskenk.'', 118 (1/3): 51-55. * Gittenberger, E. (1978). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Pupillacea VIII. Einiges über Orculidae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 163: 1-44, pl. 1-4. Leiden * Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 2017

External links

Nomenclator Zoologicus

Held, F. (1837-1838). Notizen über die Weichthiere Bayerns. Isis (Oken), 30 (4): 303-309 (1837); 30 (12): 901-919 (1838). Leipzig

Mörch, O. A. L. (1852-1853). Catalogus conchyliorum quae reliquit D. Alphonso d'Aguirra & Gadea Comes de Yoldi, Regis Daniae Cubiculariorum Princeps, Ordinis Dannebrogici in Prima Classe & Ordinis Caroli Tertii Eques. Fasc. 1, Cephalophora, 170 pp. [1852
Fasc. 2, Acephala, Annulata, Cirripedia, Echinodermata, 74 [+2] pp. [1853]. Hafniae [Copenhagen]: L. Klein]
Dall, W. H. (1904). Notes on the nomenclature of the Pupacea and associated forms. The Nautilus. 17(10): 114-116.

Josef Harl & Anatoly Schileyko & Helmut Sattmann (2011) - Types of the extant taxa of the landsnail genus Orcula HELD 1837 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Orculidae); Archiv für Molluskenkunde 140(2):175-199; DOI:10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/140/175-199
Orculidae Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Orculidae-stub