Open access in New Zealand consists of policies and norms affecting making research outputs, data, and education materials openly available. This is influenced by tertiary education institutions as well as national government and changing international norms. The New Zealand Government has applied open access principles to its own work, adopting the New Zealand Government Open Access Licensing Framework (NZGOAL). It has not mandated that these apply to schools or the tertiary sector or to research funding agencies. Some tertiary education institutions have developed their own open access guidelines or policies but neither of the two major research funding agencies in New Zealand—the Marsden Fund and the Health Research Council—have done so, unlike

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

New Zealand Government and Open Access

In 2010 the New Zealand Government adopted NZGOAL or the New Zealand Government Open Access Licensing Framework to provide "...guidance for agencies to follow when releasing copyright works and non-copyright material for re-use by others." The stated purpose of the framework is to unlock for reuse the large amounts of material generated by government agencies, since it is "widely recognised, in New Zealand and abroad, that significant creative and economic potential may lie dormant in such material when locked up in agencies and not released on terms allowing re-use by others." Essentially NZGOAL required government agencies to adopt a

Creative Commons Creative Commons (CC) is an American non-profit organization and international network devoted to educational access and expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share. The organization has release ...

licence to data or information released with a high potential for public reuse. Version 2 of NZGOAL was finalised in December 2014. The framework has also had a software extension released to "let kiwi techies use government software to help build other innovative software". A corollary government instrument was the Declaration on Open and Transparent Government in 2011, which sought "to commit to releasing high value public data actively for re-use, in accordance with the Declaration and Principles, and in accordance with the NZGOAL Review and Release process." Version 1 of NZGOAL applied to all State Sector agencies, including the Public Service and Crown Entities but this specifically excluded tertiary education institutions. For Version 2 of NZGOAL, this wording was altered, with Public Service departments being directed to use NZGOAL, while other State Services were strongly encouraged to adopt it; school boards of were to be "invited" to do so.

Formal Open Access Policies in the tertiary sector

In 2010 The Council of New Zealand University Librarians (CONZUL) -- a Committee of Universities New Zealand—released a Statement on Open Scholarship, updated in 2019. In 2013 a group of researchers, lawyers, librarians, research infrastructure providers, technology consultants, and software developers met at an open research conference formulating the 'Tasman Declaration' on open research, with the vision that "society hould beable to access and reuse the outputs of publicly funded research for economic, societal, and environmental benefit." There were around 50 signatories to the Declaration, including those at the event and some who put their name to it after the conference itself. However, the Declaration has not made an impact on the open access landscape in New Zealand. Subsequently, individual educational institutions have adopted their own open access policies, all following the self-archiving or so-called 'Green' open access model where staff are encouraged to deposit versions of their work in institutional repositories. Open Access Australasia maintains lists of institutional policies. *Auckland University of Technology *Lincoln University *University of Auckland *University of Canterbury *University of Otago *University of Waikato *Victoria University of Wellington

Open research repositories and journals

Open Access Australasia maintains lists of institutional research repositories and open access journals hosted by New Zealand institutions.

Open Educational Resources

Open Educational Resources (OERs) have been slow to gain widespread adoption as teaching materials in New Zealand. There has been a lack of national or agency-driven strategy, as there has been in countries like Canada, though there have been a number of institutional or individual developments. In 2022 the

Council of Australian University Librarians The Council of Australian University Librarians (CAUL) is a representative leadership body for university libraries in Australia. The CAUL members represent 39 Australian University Institutions and 8 New Zealand University Institutions. Membersh ...

announced the Open Educational Resources Collective, designed to foster the adaptation or creation of OERs in participating institutions, with a particular focus on resources focused on Australia and New Zealand.

Open access in the Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums sector

OpenGLAM Open Knowledge Foundation (OKF) is a global, non-profit network that promotes and shares information at no charge, including both content and data. It was founded by Rufus Pollock on 20 May 2004 in Cambridge, UK. It is incorporated in England an ...

is a movement that was born out of the free culture movement. It promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works through free content. The New Zealand Electronic Text Centre was the first organisation to adopt OpenGLAM in 2008. Other institutions that have opened up their images, data and other content include

The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa is New Zealand's national museum and is located in Wellington. ''Te Papa Tongarewa'' translates literally to "container of treasures" or in full "container of treasured things and people that spring fr ...

, the

National Library of New Zealand The National Library of New Zealand ( mi, Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa) is New Zealand's legal deposit library charged with the obligation to "enrich the cultural and economic life of New Zealand and its interchanges with other nations" (''Nat ...

, Auckland War Memorial Museum, Upper Hutt City Library and

Auckland Libraries Auckland Libraries is the public library system for the Auckland Region of New Zealand. It was created when the seven separate councils in the Auckland region merged in 2010. It is currently the largest public-library network in the Southern He ...

Creative Commons licences

Adoption of Creative Commons licences for use with open access materials New Zealand has followed similar patterns to other parts of the world and a New Zealand-specific version of the licence was adopted with version 3.0. With version 4.0 of the international licence New Zealand was the first to translate the English language licence into an indigenous language, the

Māori language Māori (), or ('the Māori language'), also known as ('the language'), is an Eastern Polynesian language spoken by the Māori people, the indigenous population of mainland New Zealand. Closely related to Cook Islands Māori, Tuamotuan, and ...

Te Reo Māori.Henk, Mandy
"Creative Commons Licences in Te Reo Māori"
14 July 2015. Retrieved on 2 August 2018.

References

{{reflist New Zealand Mass media in New Zealand Government of New Zealand