The hooked squid,

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Onychoteuthidae, currently comprise about 20–25 species (several known from only single life stages and thus unconfirmed), in six or seven genera. They range in mature mantle length from 7 cm to a suggested length of 2 m for the largest member, ''

Onykia robusta ''Onykia robusta'', also known as the robust clubhook squid and often cited by the older name ''Moroteuthis robusta'', is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. Reaching a mantle length of ,Norman, M.D. 2000. ''Cephalopods: A World ...

''. The family is characterised by the presence of hooks only on the tentacular clubs, a simple, straight,

funnel–mantle locking apparatus The funnel–mantle locking apparatus is a structure found in many cephalopods that connects the mantle and hyponome (funnel) and restricts their movement relative to each other.Young, R.E., M. Vecchione & K.M. Mangold (1999)Cephalopoda Glossary ...

, and a 'step' inside the jaw angle of the lower beak. With the exception of the

Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It spans an area of approximately and is known as the coldest of all the oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, a ...

, the family is found worldwide.

Species

*Genus '' Onychoteuthis'' Lichtenstein, 1818 **''

Onychoteuthis banksii ''Onychoteuthis banksii'', the common clubhook squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the type species of the genus '' Onychoteuthis''. This species was thought to have a worldwide distribution but with the revision o ...

'' (

Leach Leach may refer to: * Leach (surname) * Leach, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community, United States * Leach, Tennessee, an unincorporated community, United States * Leach Highway, Western Australia * Leach orchid * Leach phenotype, a mutation in ...

, 1817) – common clubhook squid **''

Onychoteuthis bergii ''Onychoteuthis bergii'' is a species of hooked squid from the family Onychoteuthidae. The species was originally described by Hinrich Lichtenstein from specimens taken near the Cape of Good Hope and is the type species of the genus '' Onychote ...

''* Lichtenstein, 1818 **''

Onychoteuthis mollis ''Onychoteuthis'' is a genus of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The type species is '' Onychoteuthis bergii''. While the genus is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans, they can also occur in the North Pacific Ocean. There we ...

''* Appelloef, 1891 **''

Onychoteuthis compacta ''Onychoteuthis compacta'' is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae, known to occur in Hawaiian waters. as well as in other areas of the Central Pacific and western north-central Atlantic, it probably has a circumglobar distribution. ...

'' Berry, 1913 **''

Onychoteuthis borealijaponica ''Onychoteuthis borealijaponica'', the boreal clubhook squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the largest member of the genus '' Onychoteuthis'', reaching a mantle length of 30 cm in males and 37 cm in fema ...

'' Okada, 1927 – boreal clubhook squid **''

Onychoteuthis meridiopacifica ''Onychoteuthis meridiopacifica'' is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. Males become mature at 40 mm, and the species is believed to reach a maximum mantle length of 90 mm, the smallest species in the genus '' Onychote ...

'' Rancurel & Okutani, 1990 **''

Onychoteuthis lacrima ''Onychoteuthis'' is a genus of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The type species is '' Onychoteuthis bergii''. While the genus is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans, they can also occur in the North Pacific Ocean. There we ...

'' Bolstad & Seki ''in'' Bolstad, 2008 **'' Onychoteuthis prolata'' Bolstad, Vecchione & Young ''in'' Bolstad, 2008 **'' Onychoteuthis horstkottei'' Bolstad, 2010 *Genus '' Onykia'' Lesueur, 1821 (includes most species previously placed in ''Moroteuthis'') **Subgenus ''Onykia'' ***'' Onykia carriboea'' Lesueur, 1821 – tropical clubhook squid ***''

'' ( Verrill, 1876) – robust clubhook squid ***'' Onykia loennbergii'' (Ishikawa & Wakiya, 1914) – Japanese hooked squid ***'' Onykia aequatorialis''* Thiele, 1920 ***'' Onykia robsoni'' ( Adam, 1962) – rugose hooked squid ***'' Onykia indica''* Okutani, 1981 **Subgenus ''Moroteuthopsis'' ***'' Onykia ingens'' (

Smith Smith may refer to: People * Metalsmith, or simply smith, a craftsman fashioning tools or works of art out of various metals * Smith (given name) * Smith (surname), a family name originating in England, Scotland and Ireland ** List of people wi ...

, 1881) – greater hooked squid **''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

'' ***?'' Onykia appelloefi''* Pfeffer, 1900 *Genus '' Ancistroteuthis''

Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...

, 1849 **'' Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii'' ( Ferussac, 1835) – angel clubhook squid or angel squid *Genus '' Kondakovia'' Filippova, 1972 **'' Kondakovia longimana'' Filippova, 1972 **'' Kondakovia nigmatullini'' Laptikhovsky, Arkhipkin & Bolstad, 2008 *Genus '' Notonykia'' Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998 **'' Notonykia africanae'' Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998 **'' Notonykia nesisi'' Bolstad, 2007 *Genus '' Filippovia'' Bolstad, 2010 **'' Filippovia knipovitchi'' (Filippova, 1972) – smooth hooked squid *Genus '' Walvisteuthis'' Nesis & Nikitina, 1986 **'' Walvisteuthis jeremiahi'' Vecchione, Sosnowski &

Young Young may refer to: * Offspring, the product of reproduction of a new organism produced by one or more parents * Youth, the time of life when one is young, often meaning the time between childhood and adulthood Music * The Young, an American roc ...

, 2015 **'' Walvisteuthis rancureli'' (Okutani, 1981) **'' Walvisteuthis virilis'' Nesis & Nikitina, 1986 **'' Walvisteuthis youngorum'' (Bolstad, 2010) (*) indicates taxa requiring further taxonomic investigation

References

*Bolstad, K.S.R. 2008
Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida)
Doctoral thesis. *Bolstad, K.S.R. 2010. Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). ''Zootaxa'' 2696: 1–186
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External links

Tree of Life: Onychoteuthidae

Onychoteuthidae discussion forum at TONMO.com
*Laptikhovsky, V.; Arkhipkin, A.; Bolstad, K.S. 2008
A second species of the squid genus ''Kondakovia'' (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) from the sub-Antarctic.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3202623 Squid Taxa named by John Edward Gray