Onias I (
Hebrew
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
: חוניו ; ''Honiyya'' or ''Honio ben Jaddua'') was the son of the
Jaddua mentioned in
Nehemiah
Nehemiah is the central figure of the Book of Nehemiah, which describes his work in rebuilding Jerusalem during the Second Temple period. He was governor of Persian Judea under Artaxerxes I of Persia (465–424 BC). The name is pronounced ...
. According to
Josephus
Flavius Josephus (; grc-gre, Ἰώσηπος, ; 37 – 100) was a first-century Romano-Jewish historian and military leader, best known for ''The Jewish War'', who was born in Jerusalem—then part of Roman Judea—to a father of priestly d ...
, this Jaddua is said to have been a contemporary of
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon ( grc, wikt:Ἀλέξανδρος, Ἀλέξανδρος, Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek kingdom of Maced ...
(reigned 336-323 BCE).
I Maccabees
The First Book of Maccabees, also known as First Maccabees (written in shorthand as 1 Maccabees or 1 Macc.), is a book written in Hebrew by an anonymousRappaport, U., ''47. 1 Maccabees'' in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001)The Oxford Bible Comme ...
regards Onias as a contemporary of the
Sparta
Sparta ( Doric Greek: Σπάρτα, ''Spártā''; Attic Greek: Σπάρτη, ''Spártē'') was a prominent city-state in Laconia, in ancient Greece. In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (, ), while the name Sparta referre ...
n king
Areus I
Areus I ( grc-gre, Ἀρεύς; c. 320 or 312 – 265 BC) was Agiad King of Sparta from 309 to 265 BC. His reign is noted for his attempts to transform Sparta into an Hellenistic period, Hellenistic kingdom and to recover its former pre-eminence i ...
(309-265 BCE). "Josephus is ... mistaken in placing it in the time of
Onias III
Onias III ( he, חוֹנִיּוֹ ''Ḥōnīyyō''), son of Simon II, was Jewish High Priest during the Second Temple period. He is described in scriptures as a pious man who opposed the Hellenization of Judea. He was succeeded by his brother Ja ...
instead of Onias I, who was high priest c. 300 B.C. (cf
Ant. xi. 347."
Simon the Just
Simeon the Righteous or Simeon the Just ( he, שִׁמְעוֹן הַצַדִּיק ''Šīməʿōn haṢadīq'') was a Jewish High Priest (Judaism), High Priest during the Second Temple period. He is also referred to in the Mishnah, where he is des ...
extolled in the
Wisdom of Sirach
The Book of Sirach () or Ecclesiasticus (; abbreviated Ecclus.) is a Jewish work, originally in Hebrew, of ethical teachings, from approximately 200 to 175 BC, written by the Judahite scribe Ben Sira of Jerusalem, on the inspiration of his fa ...
Sirach
The Book of Sirach () or Ecclesiasticus (; abbreviated Ecclus.) is a Jewish work, originally in Hebrew, of ethical teachings, from approximately 200 to 175 BC, written by the Judahite scribe Ben Sira of Jerusalem, on the inspiration of his fa ...
Chapter 50 (according to the Hebrew text the son of Jonathan, but according to the Greek text the son of Onias) and in
legend
A legend is a Folklore genre, genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions, believed or perceived, both by teller and listeners, to have taken place in human history. Narratives in this genre may demonstrate human valu ...
was probably the son of Onias I or, according to some, of the latter's grandson
Onias II
Onias II (Hebrew: חוֹנִיּוֹ ''Ḥōniyyō'' or ''Honio'' or ''Honiyya ben Shimon''; Greek: ''Onias Simonides'') was the son of Simon I. He was still a minor when his father died, so that his uncle Eleazar, and after him the latter's uncle ...
.
Patrilineal Ancestry
References
Resources
Gottheil, Richard and Samuel Krauss. "Onias."''
Jewish Encyclopedia
''The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day'' is an English-language encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on th ...
''. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901–1906, which cites to the following bibliography:
:*H. P. Chajes, ''Beiträge zur Nordsemitischen Onomatologie'', p. 23, Vienna, 1900 (on the name);
:*Herzfeld, ''Gesch. des Volkes Jisrael,'' i. 185-189, 201-206;
:*
Heinrich Grätz
Heinrich Graetz (; 31 October 1817 – 7 September 1891) was amongst the first historians to write a comprehensive history of the Jewish people from a Jewish perspective.
Born Tzvi Hirsch Graetz to a butcher family in Xions (now Książ Wielkop ...
, ''Gesch''. 2d ed., ii. 236;
:*
Emil Schürer
Emil Schürer (2 May 184420 April 1910) was a German Protestant theology, theologian known mainly for his study of the history of the Jews around the time of Jesus' ministry.
Biography
Schürer was born in Augsburg. After studying at the universi ...
, ''Gesch''. 3d ed., i. 182, 194-196; iii. 97-100;
:*Niese, in ''Hermes'', xxxv. 509;
:*Wellhausen, I. J. G. 4th ed., p. 248, Berlin, 1901;
:*Willrich, ''Juden und Griechen vor der Makkabäischen Erhebung,'' pp. 77, 109, Göttingen, 1895;
:*
Adolf Büchler
Adolf Büchler (also Adolph) (18 October 1867 in Priekopa, Hungary (now Slovakia) – 1939) was an Austro-Hungarian rabbi, historian and theologian.
Biography
In 1887, he began his theological studies at the Rabbinical Seminary of Budapest, and a ...
, ''Die Tobiaden und die Oniaden,'' pp. 166, 240, 275, 353, Vienna, 1899;
:*
J. P. Mahaffy, ''The Empire of the Ptolemies,'' pp. 217, 353, London, 1895;
:*Gelzer, ''Sextus Julius Africanus,'' ii. 170-176, Leipsic, 1885;
:*
Isaac Hirsch Weiss
Isaac (Isaak) Hirsch Weiss, also Eisik Hirsch Weiss () (9 February 1815 – 1 June 1905), was an Austrian Talmudist and historian of literature born at Groß Meseritsch, Habsburg Moravia.
After having received elementary instruction in Hebrew ...
, ''Dor,'' i. 130 (on the halakic view of the temple of Onias).
*
{{High Priests of Judaism
4th-century BCE High Priests of Israel
3rd-century BCE High Priests of Israel
People in the deuterocanonical books