On Leongs
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The On Leong Chinese Merchants Association () or simply Chinese Merchants Association, formerly known as the On Leong Tong (), is a
tong Tong may refer to: Chinese *Tang Dynasty, a dynasty in Chinese history when transliterated from Cantonese *Tong (organization), a type of social organization found in Chinese immigrant communities *''tong'', pronunciation of several Chinese char ...
society operating out of its territory in Mott Street in New York's Chinatown. Established in November 1893, the tong fought a violent war for control of Chinatown's rackets and businesses with the
Hip Sing Tong The Hip Sing Association or HSA (), formerly known as the Hip Sing Tong (), is a Chinese-American criminal organization/gang formed as a labor organization in New York City's Chinatown during the early 20th century (perhaps c. 1904). The Canton ...
. In recent years the Tong has been linked to the
Ghost Shadows The Ghost Shadows or GSS () was a Chinese American street gang that was prominent in New York City's Chinatown from the early 1970s to the mid 1990s. Formed in 1971 by immigrants from Taiwan and Hong Kong, the gang is affiliated with the On Leo ...
street gang led by
Wing Yeung Chan The Ghost Shadows or GSS () was a Chinese American street gang that was prominent in New York City's Chinatown from the early 1970s to the mid 1990s. Formed in 1971 by immigrants from Taiwan and Hong Kong, the gang is affiliated with the On Leo ...
. Currently, there are over 30,000 registered On Leong members, the majority of them with a commercial or industrial background.


References


Further reading

*Denny Lee
Years of the Dragons
Information on the history of Ghost Shadows, ''New York Times'', May 11, 2003. *MacIllwain, Jeffrey Scott. ''Organizing Crime in Chinatown: race and racketeering in New York City, 1890-1910''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2004. {{Organized crime groups in New York City Chinese-American organizations Chinese-American culture in New York City Gangs in New York City Tongs (organizations)